scholarly journals Influence of crop rotation and meteorological conditons on density and biomass of weeds in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Marta K. Kostrzewska
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Density And Biomass

The paper presents the analysis of changes in weed infestation in spring barley cultivated in the years 1990-2004 in crop rotation with a 25% proportion of this cereal (potato - spring barley - sowing peas - winter triticale), when it was grown after potato, and in crop rotation with its 75% proportion (potato - spring barley - spring barley - spring barley), when it was grown once or twice after spring barley. In the experiment, no weed control was applied. Every year in the spring (at full emergence of the cereal) and before the harvest, the composition of weed species and weed density of particular weed species were determined, and before the harvest also their biomass. Weed density increased linearly on all plots during the 15-year period. The average values confirm the increase in weed biomass in the case when spring barley was grown once or twice after this crop; however, those differences were influenced by the previous situation only during some seasons. Weed density and biomass showed high year-to-year variability and a positive correlation with the amount of precipitation and a negative correlation with temperature during the period of the study. A negative correlation between the yield of barley and weed biomass was shown.

scholarly journals Influence of crop rotation and meteorological conditons on biodiversity of weed communities in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Marta K. Kostrzewska
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
Density And Biomass

The paper presents the analysis of changes in weed biodiversity in spring barley cultivated in the years 1990-2004 in crop rotation with a 25% proportion of this cereal (potato - spring barley - sowing peas - winter triticale), when it was grown after potato, and in crop rotation with its 75% proportion (potato - spring barley - spring barley - spring barley), when it was grown once or twice after spring barley. In the experiment, no weed control was applied. Every year in the spring (at full emergence of the cereal) and before the harvest, the composition of weed species and numbers of particular weed species were determined, and before the harvest also their biomass. On this basis, the constancy of species in particular years, Shannon-Wiener species diversity indices and diversity profiles according to Rényi were determined. Weed species richness increased linearly at all plots during the 15-year period. <i>Chenopodium album</i> was a constant and dominant species in terms of weed species density and biomass year after year. The quality of the plot had no clear influence on the diversity of weeds in barley. Weed density and biomass showed high year-to-year variability and a positive correlation with the amount of precipitation and a negative correlation with temperature during the period of the study. The significance of the correlation between the productivity of barley and weed diversity was not confirmed.

scholarly journals Performance of reduced herbicide doses in spring cereals

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-550
Author(s):  
Jukka Salonen
Keyword(s):  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weed Infestation

The consequences of dose reduction of three new herbicide formulations were studied for the control of annual broad-leaved weeds in fields of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The herbicide formulations were MCPA/mecoprop-P, MCPA/dichlorprop-P and MCPA/fluroxypyr. The efficacy of the lowest recommended dose and a 30% lower rate were tested and compared with the reference herbicide tribenuron-methyl. Trials were conducted at seven sites for three years. Considerable annual fluctuations in weed infestation were recorded. Although the dose reduction occasionally caused considerable decline in control (on %-scale), suppression of weed biomass was still satisfactory in most of the trials. On average, a 75% reduction of weed biomass in spring barley and an 83% reduction in spring wheat were achieved with reduced herbicide doses. Use of reduced herbicide doses for three years in the same fields caused neither a significant increase in weed infestation nor changes in the species composition of weed populations compared with treatments at recommended rates of application. There was a significant difference in biomass production between weed species. Consequently, the total biomass production of annual dicotyledonous weeds correlated only weakly (r=0.48) with the total weed density. Even in untreated plots the weed biomass at harvest constituted, on average, only 3.1-3.6% of the total vegetative biomass of crop stands. Thus, the crop yield responses to chemical weed control remained low.

scholarly journals Taxonomic diversity and distinctness indices in assessment of weed communities

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Wiesław P. Jastrzębski ◽  
Marta K. Kostrzewska
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Taxonomic Distinctness ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Barley Crop

This paper contains an analysis of taxonomic weed biodiversity in the cultivation of spring barley in the period of 1990-2004, grown in crop rotation after potato with a 25% share of this cereal (potato - spring barley - field pea - winter triticale) as well as in crop rotation with its 75% share (potato - spring barley - spring barley - spring barley) in which barley was grown once and twice after the same barley crop. No weed control was used in the present experiment. Every year in the spring (at full emergence of the cereal crop) and before harvest, the species composition and the numbers of individual weed species were determined, as well as weed biomass before harvest. On this basis, the taxonomic diversity and distinctness indices were calculated. Potato/barley crop rotation with a 25% share of this cereal and growing spring barley once and twice after the same barley crop did not differentiate taxonomic weed biodiversity. However, it was positively correlated with rainfall abundance during the growing season and negatively correlated with mean temperature. The taxonomic diversity indices were positively correlated with species richness and species diversity, whereas the taxonomic distinctness indices did not generally show any relationship with these measures. Spring barley grain yield did not depend on taxonomic biodiversity of weed communities.

Weed Management in a Legume-Cereal Cover Crop with the Rotary Hoe

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Eric B. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Density And Biomass

Substantial weed growth often occurs in legume-cereal cover-crop mixes commonly grown on organic vegetable farms. A 2-yr study at the USDA-ARS in Salinas, CA, was conducted to test the effect of zero, one, and two passes with a rotary hoe on weed control in a mixed cover crop of 10% rye, 15% common vetch, 15% purple vetch, 25% peas, and 35% bell bean. Rotary hoeing occurred 14–15 days after planting (DAP) in the one-pass treatment, and 14 and 28 DAP in the two-pass treatment. Rotary hoeing did not affect total cover-crop density or biomass in either year, but reduced rye density and biomass in year 2. One pass reduced total weed density by 69% in year 1 and 49% in year 2. A second pass did not affect weed density in year 1 but reduced weed density an additional 33% in year 2. One pass decreased weed biomass in year 1, whereas two passes were required to reduce weed biomass in year 2. Rotary hoeing reduced seed shed by chickweed and shepherd's-purse seeds, the two predominant weed species, by 80 to 95% in both years. Rotary hoe efficacy depended on weather conditions directly before and after cultivation. The decision to repeat rotary hoeing should be based upon field scouting and weather conditions following the initial pass with the rotary hoe.

scholarly journals Diversity of segetal weeds in pea (Pisum sativum L.) depending on crops chosen for a crop rotation system

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta K. Kostrzewska ◽  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Kinga Treder ◽  
Maria Wanic
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Dominance Indices

<p>This study, lasting from 1999 to 2006, was conducted at the Research Station in Tomaszkowo, which belongs to the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. The experiment was set up on brown rusty soil classified as good rye complex 5 in the Polish soil valuation system. The analysis comprised weeds in fields sown with pea cultivated in two four-field crop rotation systems with a different first crop: A. potato – spring barley – pea – spring barley; B. mixture of spring barley with pea – spring barley – pea – spring barley. Every year, at the 2–3 true leaf stage of pea, the species composition and density of individual weed species were determined; in addition, before harvesting the main crop, the dry matter of weeds was weighed. The results were used to analyze the constancy of weed taxa, species diversity, and the evenness and dominance indices, to determine the relationships between all biological indicators analyzed and weather conditions, and to calculate the indices of similarity, in terms of species composition, density and biomass of weeds, between the crop rotations compared.</p><p>The species richness, density and biomass of weeds in fields with field pea were not differentiated by the choice of the initial crop in a given rotation system. In the spring, the total number of identified taxa was 28 and it increased to 36 before the harvest of pea plants. <em>Chenopodium album </em>and <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em> were the most numerous<em>.</em> <em>Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli, Sonchus arvensis</em>, <em>Fallopia convolvulus </em>and<em> Viola arvensis </em>were constant in all treatments, regardless of what the first crop in rotation was or when the observations were made.</p><p>The species diversity and the evenness and species dominance indices varied significantly between years and dates of observations. Species diversity calculated on the basis of the density of weed species was higher in the rotation with a mixture of cereals and legumes, while that calculated on the basis of weed biomass was higher in the system with potato. The similarity indices, which express the convergence of floristic composition as well as of the density and biomass of weeds growing in pea fields in the two crop rotation systems compared, were within a broad range (42–86%). The biodiversity of weed communities was more closely correlated to total precipitation than to air temperature.</p>

scholarly journals The influence of strip cropping on the state and degree of weed infestation in dent maize (Zea mays L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Głowacka
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Weed Infestation

The experiment was conducted in the years 2008–2010 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Zamość, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The following factors were analysed in the experiment: I. Cultivation method – sole cropping and strip cropping, which consisted in the cultivation of three plants: dent maize, common bean, and spring barley, in adjacent strips with a width of 3.3 m; II. Weed control methods – mechanical and chemical. The subject of the research was weed infestation of the 'Celio' variety of dent maize, the 'Aura' variety of common bean, and the 'Start' variety of spring barley. Weed infestation of the crops was assessed two weeks before harvesting by determining the species composi- tion as well as the number and dry weight of weeds. The dominant weed species in maize, common bean and spring barley were <em>Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album </em>and <em>Galinsoga parviflora</em>, constituting from 58% to 70% of the total number of weeds. Strip cropping clearly reduced the number of weeds per unit area in all the cultivated species and dry weight of aboveground parts produced by them in common bean and maize crops. The limiting effect of strip cropping on the weed infestation parameters was particularly clear in combination with the mechanical weed control method.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of a cereal-legume mixture depending on its concentration and position in a crop rotation

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Marta K. Kostrzewska ◽  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Magdalena Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Weed Infestation

A field study was carried out in the period 2000-2006 at the Experimental Station in Tomaszkowo belonging to the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Its aim was to compare weed infestation of a mixture of spring barley and field pea grown in a four crop rotation with different crop selection and sequence. Each year during tillering of spring barley and before the harvest of the mixture, weed species composition and density were evaluated, while additionally weed biomass was also estimated before the harvest. These results were used to determine species constancy, Simpson&rsquo;s dominance index, the Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness indices as well as the community similarity index based on floristic richness, numbers and biomass of particular weed species. The cropping frequency and the position of the mixture in the crop rotation did not differentiate the species composition and total biomass of weed communities in the cereal-legume mixture crops. The crop rotation in which the mixture constituted 50% and was grown after itself had a reducing effect on weed numbers. Growing field pea in the 4-year crop rotation promoted weed infestation of the mixture and the dominance of weed communities. <em>Capsella bursa-pastoris</em>, <em>Chenopodium album</em>, <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>, <em>Elymus repens</em>, <em>Polygonum convolvulus</em>, and <em>Sonchus arvensis </em>were constant components of the agrophytocenoses. The weed communities were more similar in terms of their floristic composition than in terms of weed density and air-dry weight of weeds.

scholarly journals Effect of various tillage operations and straw management on the occurence of weeds

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Ivana Remešová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Tillage Operations

The weed infestation was assessed in a field experiment at the Research Institute for Folder Crops Ltd., Troubsko near Brno in 2001−2004. Numbers of individual weed species were determined using a counting method on the area of 0.25 m2 in winter wheat stands within the 6-crop rotation (peas, winter wheat, spring barley, oilseed rape, winter wheat, winter wheat) in different variants of soil tillage and straw management. The highest weed infestation in all variants was found when winter wheat followed winter wheat. The highest number of weeds was assessed in the variant with stubble tillage to the depth of 0.12−0.15 m, planting with a precision drill and straw chopping. The lowest number of weeds was found in winter wheat after peas in the variant with incorporation of chopped straw using a tiller to 0.12−0.15 m and planting with a drilling combination, and in the variant where chopped straw was sprayed with the BETA-LIQ preparation, incorporation with a tiller to 0.12−0.15 m and planting with a drilling combination.

scholarly journals An attempt to use functional diversity indices for the assessment of weed communities

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Marta K. Kostrzewska ◽  
Kinga Treder ◽  
Janusz Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Functional Diversity Indices ◽  
Barley Crop

This paper presents an analysis of changes in functional diversity of weeds in spring barley grown in the period 1990-2004 in crop rotation after potato with a 25% share of this cereal (potato - spring barley - field pea - winter triticale) as well as in crop rotation with its 75% share (potato - spring barley - spring barley - spring barley) in which barley was grown once and twice after the same barley crop. No weed control was used in the present experiment. Every year in the spring (at full emergence of barley) and before harvest, the species composition and numbers of individual weed species were determined, as well as their weed biomass before harvest. On this basis, the selected functional diversity indices were calculated. Multidimensional techniques were used for dividing weeds into functional groups and for the determination of some of the indices. Potato/barley crop rotation with a 25% share of barley and growing spring barley once and twice after the same barley crop did not differentiate weed functional biodiversity. The weed functional diversity indices showed different variations over time. Higher variation was usually observed for the indices calculated for the summer communities compared to the spring ones. The strength and significance of the positive correlation between weed functional diversity and precipitation in the growing season and of the negative correlation with mean temperature for the period from April to August were dependent on the measure of diversity. The functional diversity indices showed high convergence. The FD and FAD indices proved to be interchangeable.

scholarly journals The impact of stubble crop on spring barley weed infestation

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Wrzesińska ◽  
Anna Komorowska ◽  
Grażyna Nurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The condition and degree of weed infestation were determined in a spring barely crop grown in a short-term monoculture after mulching the soil with plants grown as a stubble crop (the control treatment without cover crop – lacy phacelia, white mustard, sunflower). The field experiment was carried out in 2010–2013 on good rye soil complex using a split-block design in four replications. The obtained results (the mean from all years of the experiment) showed that the stubble crop, especially sunflower, reduced the diversity of weed species without causing at the same time changes in weed species dominance. In all the control treatments of the experiment, <em>Chenopodium album</em> and <em>Fallopia convolvulus</em> were the dominant species. The degree of spring barley weed infestation depended on the species grown in the cover crop. White mustard and lacy phacelia slightly increased the number of weeds but their fresh matter significantly increased. However, the sunflower cover crop significantly increased the number of weeds without any substantial differentiation of their fresh mass.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document