scholarly journals Influence of crop rotation and meteorological conditons on biodiversity of weed communities in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Marta K. Kostrzewska
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
Density And Biomass

The paper presents the analysis of changes in weed biodiversity in spring barley cultivated in the years 1990-2004 in crop rotation with a 25% proportion of this cereal (potato - spring barley - sowing peas - winter triticale), when it was grown after potato, and in crop rotation with its 75% proportion (potato - spring barley - spring barley - spring barley), when it was grown once or twice after spring barley. In the experiment, no weed control was applied. Every year in the spring (at full emergence of the cereal) and before the harvest, the composition of weed species and numbers of particular weed species were determined, and before the harvest also their biomass. On this basis, the constancy of species in particular years, Shannon-Wiener species diversity indices and diversity profiles according to Rényi were determined. Weed species richness increased linearly at all plots during the 15-year period. <i>Chenopodium album</i> was a constant and dominant species in terms of weed species density and biomass year after year. The quality of the plot had no clear influence on the diversity of weeds in barley. Weed density and biomass showed high year-to-year variability and a positive correlation with the amount of precipitation and a negative correlation with temperature during the period of the study. The significance of the correlation between the productivity of barley and weed diversity was not confirmed.

scholarly journals Influence of crop rotation and meteorological conditons on density and biomass of weeds in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Marta K. Kostrzewska
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Density And Biomass

The paper presents the analysis of changes in weed infestation in spring barley cultivated in the years 1990-2004 in crop rotation with a 25% proportion of this cereal (potato - spring barley - sowing peas - winter triticale), when it was grown after potato, and in crop rotation with its 75% proportion (potato - spring barley - spring barley - spring barley), when it was grown once or twice after spring barley. In the experiment, no weed control was applied. Every year in the spring (at full emergence of the cereal) and before the harvest, the composition of weed species and weed density of particular weed species were determined, and before the harvest also their biomass. Weed density increased linearly on all plots during the 15-year period. The average values confirm the increase in weed biomass in the case when spring barley was grown once or twice after this crop; however, those differences were influenced by the previous situation only during some seasons. Weed density and biomass showed high year-to-year variability and a positive correlation with the amount of precipitation and a negative correlation with temperature during the period of the study. A negative correlation between the yield of barley and weed biomass was shown.

scholarly journals Taxonomic diversity and distinctness indices in assessment of weed communities

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Wiesław P. Jastrzębski ◽  
Marta K. Kostrzewska
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Taxonomic Distinctness ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Barley Crop

This paper contains an analysis of taxonomic weed biodiversity in the cultivation of spring barley in the period of 1990-2004, grown in crop rotation after potato with a 25% share of this cereal (potato - spring barley - field pea - winter triticale) as well as in crop rotation with its 75% share (potato - spring barley - spring barley - spring barley) in which barley was grown once and twice after the same barley crop. No weed control was used in the present experiment. Every year in the spring (at full emergence of the cereal crop) and before harvest, the species composition and the numbers of individual weed species were determined, as well as weed biomass before harvest. On this basis, the taxonomic diversity and distinctness indices were calculated. Potato/barley crop rotation with a 25% share of this cereal and growing spring barley once and twice after the same barley crop did not differentiate taxonomic weed biodiversity. However, it was positively correlated with rainfall abundance during the growing season and negatively correlated with mean temperature. The taxonomic diversity indices were positively correlated with species richness and species diversity, whereas the taxonomic distinctness indices did not generally show any relationship with these measures. Spring barley grain yield did not depend on taxonomic biodiversity of weed communities.

scholarly journals Diversity of segetal weeds in pea (Pisum sativum L.) depending on crops chosen for a crop rotation system

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta K. Kostrzewska ◽  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Kinga Treder ◽  
Maria Wanic
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Dominance Indices

<p>This study, lasting from 1999 to 2006, was conducted at the Research Station in Tomaszkowo, which belongs to the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. The experiment was set up on brown rusty soil classified as good rye complex 5 in the Polish soil valuation system. The analysis comprised weeds in fields sown with pea cultivated in two four-field crop rotation systems with a different first crop: A. potato – spring barley – pea – spring barley; B. mixture of spring barley with pea – spring barley – pea – spring barley. Every year, at the 2–3 true leaf stage of pea, the species composition and density of individual weed species were determined; in addition, before harvesting the main crop, the dry matter of weeds was weighed. The results were used to analyze the constancy of weed taxa, species diversity, and the evenness and dominance indices, to determine the relationships between all biological indicators analyzed and weather conditions, and to calculate the indices of similarity, in terms of species composition, density and biomass of weeds, between the crop rotations compared.</p><p>The species richness, density and biomass of weeds in fields with field pea were not differentiated by the choice of the initial crop in a given rotation system. In the spring, the total number of identified taxa was 28 and it increased to 36 before the harvest of pea plants. <em>Chenopodium album </em>and <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em> were the most numerous<em>.</em> <em>Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli, Sonchus arvensis</em>, <em>Fallopia convolvulus </em>and<em> Viola arvensis </em>were constant in all treatments, regardless of what the first crop in rotation was or when the observations were made.</p><p>The species diversity and the evenness and species dominance indices varied significantly between years and dates of observations. Species diversity calculated on the basis of the density of weed species was higher in the rotation with a mixture of cereals and legumes, while that calculated on the basis of weed biomass was higher in the system with potato. The similarity indices, which express the convergence of floristic composition as well as of the density and biomass of weeds growing in pea fields in the two crop rotation systems compared, were within a broad range (42–86%). The biodiversity of weed communities was more closely correlated to total precipitation than to air temperature.</p>

scholarly journals An attempt to use functional diversity indices for the assessment of weed communities

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Marta K. Kostrzewska ◽  
Kinga Treder ◽  
Janusz Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Functional Diversity Indices ◽  
Barley Crop

This paper presents an analysis of changes in functional diversity of weeds in spring barley grown in the period 1990-2004 in crop rotation after potato with a 25% share of this cereal (potato - spring barley - field pea - winter triticale) as well as in crop rotation with its 75% share (potato - spring barley - spring barley - spring barley) in which barley was grown once and twice after the same barley crop. No weed control was used in the present experiment. Every year in the spring (at full emergence of barley) and before harvest, the species composition and numbers of individual weed species were determined, as well as their weed biomass before harvest. On this basis, the selected functional diversity indices were calculated. Multidimensional techniques were used for dividing weeds into functional groups and for the determination of some of the indices. Potato/barley crop rotation with a 25% share of barley and growing spring barley once and twice after the same barley crop did not differentiate weed functional biodiversity. The weed functional diversity indices showed different variations over time. Higher variation was usually observed for the indices calculated for the summer communities compared to the spring ones. The strength and significance of the positive correlation between weed functional diversity and precipitation in the growing season and of the negative correlation with mean temperature for the period from April to August were dependent on the measure of diversity. The functional diversity indices showed high convergence. The FD and FAD indices proved to be interchangeable.

scholarly journals The influence of strip cropping on the state and degree of weed infestation in dent maize (Zea mays L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Głowacka
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Weed Infestation

The experiment was conducted in the years 2008–2010 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Zamość, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The following factors were analysed in the experiment: I. Cultivation method – sole cropping and strip cropping, which consisted in the cultivation of three plants: dent maize, common bean, and spring barley, in adjacent strips with a width of 3.3 m; II. Weed control methods – mechanical and chemical. The subject of the research was weed infestation of the 'Celio' variety of dent maize, the 'Aura' variety of common bean, and the 'Start' variety of spring barley. Weed infestation of the crops was assessed two weeks before harvesting by determining the species composi- tion as well as the number and dry weight of weeds. The dominant weed species in maize, common bean and spring barley were <em>Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album </em>and <em>Galinsoga parviflora</em>, constituting from 58% to 70% of the total number of weeds. Strip cropping clearly reduced the number of weeds per unit area in all the cultivated species and dry weight of aboveground parts produced by them in common bean and maize crops. The limiting effect of strip cropping on the weed infestation parameters was particularly clear in combination with the mechanical weed control method.

Suppression of Weed Occurrence in a Five-year Corn-earthworm Coculture System

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Jiequn Fan ◽  
Zhenguan Qian ◽  
Guohui Yuan ◽  
Dandan Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Species ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Successive Experiment

Abstract The use of a corn-earthworm coculture (CE) system is an eco-agricultural technology that has been gradually extended due to its high economic output and diverse ecological benefits for urban agriculture in China. However, the effect of CE on weed occurrence has received little attention. A five-year successive experiment (2015 to 2019) was conducted to compare weed occurrence in CE and a corn (Zea mays L.) monoculture (CM). The results show that CE significantly decreased weed diversity, the dominance index, total weed density and biomass, but increased the weed evenness index. The five-year mean number of weed species per plot was 8.4 in CE and 10.7 in CM. Compared to those in CM, the five-year mean density and biomass of total weeds in CE decreased by 59.2% and 66.6%, respectively. The effect of CE on weed occurrence was species specific. The mean density of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.], goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.], and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) in CE decreased by 94.5, 78.1, 75.0, and 45.8%, whereas the mean biomass decreased by 96.2, 80.8, 76.9, and 41.4%, respectively. Our study suggests that the use of CE could suppress weed occurrence and reduce herbicide inputs in agriculture.

scholarly journals Competition between Hordeum vulgare L. and Chenopodium album L. with different dates of emergence of Chenopodium album.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
W.T. Elberse ◽  
H.N. de Kruyf
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
Computer Programme ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
A Value ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Simulation Results

Under controlled conditions, competition experiments were carried out with (a) spring barley and (b) C. album; this experiment was also simulated with a computer programme written in CSMP (Continuous System Modeling Program) on the basis of a model. When (b) was sown 7 days earlier, it could not compete with (a), but when this period was 21 and 31 days, (a) could no longer compete with (b). This result was hardly influenced by the applied densities of (b). Correspondence between the simulated and observed yields was rather poor initially, but could be considerably improved by correcting the model with the length factor. For this, the observed difference in length growth between the 2 spp. was included in the model. Based on the simulation results it could be concluded that light interception is probably the most important competition factor between the 2 spp. Simulating a series of 7, 21 and 31 days earlier germination for (b) showed that the critical period in which (b) can just maintain itself in a mixture with (a) is c. 15 days. Attention is called to the fact that the result of a competition experiment carried out under controlled conditions in a climate room cannot be used without comment for predicting a value under field conditions. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals The influence of simplified on reserve of weeds in erodible loess soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-363
Author(s):  
Marian Wesołowski ◽  
Karol Bujak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Loess Slope

In the paper the influence of diferent simplified tillage per number and seeds botanical composition of weeds in 0-25 cm of soil layer under plants crop rotation (potato-spring barley-winter rape-winter wheat) on erodible loess soil was presented. The simplifications in soil tillage relied on replaceing ploughing by cultivation, rotary cultivator tillage or Gramoxone formula. The replaceing ploughing by cultivations or rotary cultivator tillage especially bringing in chemical tillage instead of after-harvest cultivation increasing the number of weeds seed under all plants excluding spring barley. Resource of weeds seed under all plants of crop rotation were formated mainly by short duration species, especially <i>Chenopodium album</i> and <i>Viola arvensis</i> as well as <i>Stellaria media</i> (potato, barley, wheat) and <i>Veronica persica</i> (wheat). It was proven that the number of weeds seed in 0-25 cm of soil layer on erodible loess slope depended from plant species more than the way of soil tillage.

Weed species diversity in spring barley varies with crop rotation and tillage, but not with nutrient source

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Craig Stevenson ◽  
Anne Légère ◽  
Régis R. Simard ◽  
Denis A. Angers ◽  
Denis Pageau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Weed Species Richness

The development of sustainable farming systems depends on our ability to predict and manage the response of weed communities to changes in cropping practices. A study was established at Normandin, Québec, Canada, to investigate the influence of liquid dairy manure and mineral fertilizer, as well as chisel and moldboard plow tillage systems, in a spring barley monoculture and a 3-yr spring barley-forage rotation that included red clover and timothy. Weed species richness (Margalef's DMG), evenness (Shannon's E), and diversity (Shannon's H') were examined in these treatments from 1992 to 1995. Nutrient source had no effect on any of the three diversity indices. Evenness values were extremely low in all years, suggesting dominance of a few weed species in most treatments. Weed species richness and diversity generally were greater in the barley-forage rotation compared with the monoculture. Tillage effects on richness and diversity varied with crop rotation. Margalef's DMGand Shannon's H' were greater in 1993 and 1995, but they were lower in 1994 when chisel was compared with moldboard plowing in the monoculture. In 1994, chickweed density was about five times greater in the chisel-plowed monoculture compared with other treatment combinations of rotation and tillage. In 1995, only one species with a density of six plants m−2occurred in the moldboard-plowed monoculture compared with three to six species and densities of 51 to 832 plants m−2in the other rotation by tillage treatments. Climatic conditions and herbicide use patterns in the different crop rotation treatments may have contributed to the more dynamic nature of weed species diversity in the barley monoculture. Reduced frequency of tillage and herbicide application; management of the forage stands, especially with regard to their termination; and improved soil resource availability likely explained the increased but more stable diversity of the weed communities in the barley-forage rotation.

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