scholarly journals Tolerance of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) seedlings to stress factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sękara ◽  
Renata Bączek-Kwinta ◽  
Andrzej Kalisz ◽  
Stanisław Cebula
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Cross Tolerance ◽  
Future Studies

The aim of the present study was to describe eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i> L.) tolerance to stress factors in the seedling stage as a basis for future studies on cross-tolerance to other stressors in subsequent stages of growth. After germination (3 days / 26<sup>o</sup>C), ‘Epic F<sub>1</sub>’ seedlings were exposed to chilling stress (3, 6 and 9<sup>o</sup>C × 48 h<sup>-1</sup>), heat stress (35, 40 and 45<sup>o</sup>C × 2 h<sup>-1</sup>), osmotic stress (mannitol 0.2; 0.6 and 1.0 M x 2 h<sup>-1</sup>), and oxidative stress (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> 0.2; 0.4 and 0.6 M × 2 h<sup>-1</sup>). A linear measurement of seedling radicle growth, electrolyte leakage and external symptoms of radicle damage under the stress conditions, compared to the non-stressed control, were analyzed. It was found that stressors in all experimental combinations caused a morphological and physiological response from eggplant seedlings. A significant reduction in linear growth of radicles, showed as an absolute length and as a percentage of the control, was found in the treatments exposed to chilling stress (3 and 6<sup>o</sup>C), heat stress (35, 40 and 45<sup>o</sup>C), osmotic stress (0.2, 0.6 and 1.0 M mannitol) as well as oxidative stress (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 M H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). The changes in seedling length as a result of stress factors did not always correspond with the changes in seedling mass. Electrolyte leakage in the treatments exposed to the following stressors: 3 and 6<sup>o</sup>C as well as 0.6 M H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, was significantly greater than that observed in control plants. Based on the obtained results and microscopic observations of radicle damage, the following stressors can be identified as those which cause a physiological response without severe damage: 9<sup>o</sup>C × 48 h<sup>-1</sup> (chilling stress), 35<sup>o</sup>C × 2 h<sup>-1</sup> (heat stress), 0.2 M mannitol × 2 h<sup>-1</sup> (osmoticum), and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> 0.2 M × 2 h<sup>-1</sup> (oxidation factor). We propose these stressors as a basis for future studies on plant acclimation and hardening to other stresses.

scholarly journals Polyphenols as Potential Attenuators of Heat Stress in Poultry Production

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Yujia He ◽  
Muhammed Arowolo ◽  
Shusong Wu ◽  
Jianhua He
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

Heat stress is a non-specific physiological response of the body when exposed to high ambient temperatures, which can break the balance of body redox and result in oxidative stress that affects growth performance as well as the health of poultry species. Polyphenols have attracted much attention in recent years due to their antioxidant ability and thus, can be an effective attenuator of heat stress. In this paper, the potential mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of polyphenols on heat stress in poultry has been reviewed to provide a reference and ideas for future studies related to polyphenols and poultry production.

scholarly journals Exploring Morpho-Physiological Variation for Heat Stress Tolerance in Tomato

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Samikshya Bhattarai ◽  
Joshua Harvey ◽  
Desire Djidonou ◽  
Daniel Leskovar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Heat Injury ◽  
Injury Index ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Texas tomato production is vulnerable to extreme heat in the spring-summer cropping period, which is exacerbated by the lack of superior genetic materials that can perform well in such environments. There is a dire need for selecting superior varieties that can adapt to warm environments and exhibit high yield stability under heat stress conditions. This research aimed at identifying heat-tolerant varieties under heat-stress conditions in controlled and open-field environments and was carried out in three stages. For the first experiment, 43 varieties were screened based on yield responses in natural open-field environment. From those, 18 varieties were chosen and exposed to control (greenhouse: 26/20 °C) and constant heat-stress (growth-chamber: 34/24 °C) conditions for three months. Measurements were done for chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content (SPAD), plant height, stem diameter and heat injury index (HII). The last experiment was conducted in an open field with a pool of varieties selected from the first and second experiments. Leaf gas exchange, leaf temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, SPAD value, electrolyte leakage, heat injury index and yield were assessed. From the combined studies, we concluded that heat-tolerant genotypes selected by using chlorophyll fluorescence and HII in controlled heat-stress conditions also exhibited heat-tolerance in open-field environments. Electrolyte leakage and HII best distinguished tomato varieties in open-field environments as plants with low electrolyte leakage and HII had higher total yield. 'Heat Master,' 'New Girl,' 'HM-1823,' 'Rally,' 'Valley Girl,' 'Celebrity,' and 'Tribeca' were identified as high heat-tolerant varieties. Through trait correlation analysis we provide a better understanding of which traits could be useful for screening and breeding other heat-tolerant tomato varieties.

Physiological response to heat stress and ingestive behavior of lactating Jersey cows in silvopasture and conventional pasture grazing systems in a Brazilian subtropical climate zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Reimann Skonieski ◽  
Edenilson Robson de Souza ◽  
Luana Carolina Bachmann Gregolin ◽  
Ana Carolina Fluck ◽  
Olmar Antônio Denardin Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Jersey Cows

Effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine on heat stress-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the hypothalamus of hens

2021 ◽  
pp. 102927
Author(s):  
Yulan Zhao ◽  
Yu Zhuang ◽  
Yan Shi ◽  
Zheng Xu ◽  
Changming Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress

scholarly journals Influence of Oxidative Stress on Time-Resolved Oxygen Detection by [Ru(Phen)3]2+ In Vivo and In Vitro

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Veronika Huntosova ◽  
Denis Horvath ◽  
Robert Seliga ◽  
Georges Wagnieres
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Oxygen Detection

Detection of tissue and cell oxygenation is of high importance in fundamental biological and in many medical applications, particularly for monitoring dysfunction in the early stages of cancer. Measurements of the luminescence lifetimes of molecular probes offer a very promising and non-invasive approach to estimate tissue and cell oxygenation in vivo and in vitro. We optimized the evaluation of oxygen detection in vivo by [Ru(Phen)3]2+ in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. Its luminescence lifetimes measured in the CAM were analyzed through hierarchical clustering. The detection of the tissue oxygenation at the oxidative stress conditions is still challenging. We applied simultaneous time-resolved recording of the mitochondrial probe MitoTrackerTM OrangeCMTMRos fluorescence and [Ru(Phen)3]2+ phosphorescence imaging in the intact cell without affecting the sensitivities of these molecular probes. [Ru(Phen)3]2+ was demonstrated to be suitable for in vitro detection of oxygen under various stress factors that mimic oxidative stress: other molecular sensors, H2O2, and curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy in glioma cancer cells. Low phototoxicities of the molecular probes were finally observed. Our study offers a high potential for the application and generalization of tissue oxygenation as an innovative approach based on the similarities between interdependent biological influences. It is particularly suitable for therapeutic approaches targeting metabolic alterations as well as oxygen, glucose, or lipid deprivation.

Immunolocalization of antioxidant enzymes in testis of rams submitted to long-term heat stress

Zygote ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 432-435
Author(s):  
Thais Rose dos Santos Hamilton ◽  
Gabriela Esteves Duarte ◽  
José Antonio Visintin ◽  
Mayra Elena Ortiz D’Ávila Assumpção
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
Testicular Cells

SummaryLong-term heat stress (HS) induced by testicular insulation generates oxidative stress (OS) on the testicular environment; consequently activating antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The aim of this work was to immunolocalize antioxidant enzymes present in different cells within the seminiferous tubule when rams were submitted to HS. Rams were divided into control (n = 6) and treated group (n = 6), comprising rams subjected to testicular insulation for 240 h. After the testicular insulation period, rams were subjected to orchiectomy. Testicular fragments were submitted to immunohistochemistry for staining against SOD, GR and GPx enzymes. We observed immunolocalization of GPx in more cell types of the testis after HS and when compared with other enzymes. In conclusion, GPx is the main antioxidant enzyme identified in testicular cells in an attempt to maintain oxidative balance when HS occurs.

scholarly journals Radical Response: Effects of Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress on Lipid Metabolism in the Avian Liver

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Nima K. Emami ◽  
Usuk Jung ◽  
Brynn Voy ◽  
Sami Dridi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
The Impact

Lipid metabolism in avian species places unique demands on the liver in comparison to most mammals. The avian liver synthesizes the vast majority of fatty acids that provide energy and support cell membrane synthesis throughout the bird. Egg production intensifies demands to the liver as hepatic lipids are needed to create the yolk. The enzymatic reactions that underlie de novo lipogenesis are energetically demanding and require a precise balance of vitamins and cofactors to proceed efficiently. External stressors such as overnutrition or nutrient deficiency can disrupt this balance and compromise the liver’s ability to support metabolic needs. Heat stress is an increasingly prevalent environmental factor that impairs lipid metabolism in the avian liver. The effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress on hepatic lipid metabolism are of particular concern in modern commercial chickens due to the threat to global poultry production. Chickens are highly vulnerable to heat stress because of their limited capacity to dissipate heat, high metabolic activity, high internal body temperature, and narrow zone of thermal tolerance. Modern lines of both broiler (meat-type) and layer (egg-type) chickens are especially sensitive to heat stress because of the high rates of mitochondrial metabolism. While this oxidative metabolism supports growth and egg production, it also yields oxidative stress that can damage mitochondria, cellular membranes and proteins, making the birds more vulnerable to other stressors in the environment. Studies to date indicate that oxidative and heat stress interact to disrupt hepatic lipid metabolism and compromise performance and well-being in both broilers and layers. The purpose of this review is to summarize the impact of heat stress-induced oxidative stress on lipid metabolism in the avian liver. Recent advances that shed light on molecular mechanisms and potential nutritional/managerial strategies to counteract the negative effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress to the avian liver are also integrated.

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