scholarly journals Polyphenols as Potential Attenuators of Heat Stress in Poultry Production

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Yujia He ◽  
Muhammed Arowolo ◽  
Shusong Wu ◽  
Jianhua He
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

Heat stress is a non-specific physiological response of the body when exposed to high ambient temperatures, which can break the balance of body redox and result in oxidative stress that affects growth performance as well as the health of poultry species. Polyphenols have attracted much attention in recent years due to their antioxidant ability and thus, can be an effective attenuator of heat stress. In this paper, the potential mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of polyphenols on heat stress in poultry has been reviewed to provide a reference and ideas for future studies related to polyphenols and poultry production.

scholarly journals Tolerance of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) seedlings to stress factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sękara ◽  
Renata Bączek-Kwinta ◽  
Andrzej Kalisz ◽  
Stanisław Cebula
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Cross Tolerance ◽  
Future Studies

The aim of the present study was to describe eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i> L.) tolerance to stress factors in the seedling stage as a basis for future studies on cross-tolerance to other stressors in subsequent stages of growth. After germination (3 days / 26<sup>o</sup>C), ‘Epic F<sub>1</sub>’ seedlings were exposed to chilling stress (3, 6 and 9<sup>o</sup>C × 48 h<sup>-1</sup>), heat stress (35, 40 and 45<sup>o</sup>C × 2 h<sup>-1</sup>), osmotic stress (mannitol 0.2; 0.6 and 1.0 M x 2 h<sup>-1</sup>), and oxidative stress (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> 0.2; 0.4 and 0.6 M × 2 h<sup>-1</sup>). A linear measurement of seedling radicle growth, electrolyte leakage and external symptoms of radicle damage under the stress conditions, compared to the non-stressed control, were analyzed. It was found that stressors in all experimental combinations caused a morphological and physiological response from eggplant seedlings. A significant reduction in linear growth of radicles, showed as an absolute length and as a percentage of the control, was found in the treatments exposed to chilling stress (3 and 6<sup>o</sup>C), heat stress (35, 40 and 45<sup>o</sup>C), osmotic stress (0.2, 0.6 and 1.0 M mannitol) as well as oxidative stress (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 M H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). The changes in seedling length as a result of stress factors did not always correspond with the changes in seedling mass. Electrolyte leakage in the treatments exposed to the following stressors: 3 and 6<sup>o</sup>C as well as 0.6 M H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, was significantly greater than that observed in control plants. Based on the obtained results and microscopic observations of radicle damage, the following stressors can be identified as those which cause a physiological response without severe damage: 9<sup>o</sup>C × 48 h<sup>-1</sup> (chilling stress), 35<sup>o</sup>C × 2 h<sup>-1</sup> (heat stress), 0.2 M mannitol × 2 h<sup>-1</sup> (osmoticum), and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> 0.2 M × 2 h<sup>-1</sup> (oxidation factor). We propose these stressors as a basis for future studies on plant acclimation and hardening to other stresses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the growth performance, physiological traits, antioxidant indices, and heat shock protein 70 to dietary supplementation of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) in broilers exposed to chronic heat stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrad Mirsaiidi Farahani ◽  
Seyedeh Alemeh Hosseinian
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Stinging Nettle

AbstractHeat stress is known as one of the most prevalent environmental stressors in poultry production, which is associated with oxidative stress. Stinging nettle is a medicinal herb with strong antioxidant properties. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary stinging nettle at two different levels (2% and 4%) on growth performance and oxidative stress indices of broilers exposed to chronic heat stress. On day 14, a total of 240 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups as follows: 1) NC: negative control; 2) HS: heat-stressed broiler; 3) HS-SN2: heat-stressed broiler fed by 2% dietary stinging nettle; 4) HS-SN4: heat-stressed broilers fed by 4% stinging nettle; 5) SN2: no heat-stressed broilers fed by 2% dietary stinging nettle; 6) SN4: no heat-stressed broilers fed by 4% dietary stinging nettle. Diet supplementation with stinging nettle was performed from days 14 to 35 and a chronic heat stress was induced from days 22 to 29. The growth performance and oxidative indices were evaluated on days 14, 21, 29, and 35. Rectal temperature and panting frequency were assessed on days 22, 25, and 29. As a result, weight gain and food intake decreased in the HS compared to the NC, and these parameters increased in the HS-SN2 and HS-SN4 compared to the HS (P<0.05). The HS, HS-SN2, and HS-SN4 groups had a significantly higher rectal temperature and panting frequency. The HS had the higher circulating MDA and HSP70, and lower T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-Px compared to the treatments. The HS-SN4 had a significantly lower MDA and HSP70, and higher T-AOC, GSH-Px, and SOD compared to the HS and HS-SN2. In conclusion, the addition of 4% stinging nettle powder to the broilers’ diet improved the oxidative status in heat-stressed birds. Furthermore, this herb could be utilized as a feed additive in poultry diet to improve bird’s health and defense mechanisms under stressful conditions.

scholarly journals Radical Response: Effects of Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress on Lipid Metabolism in the Avian Liver

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Nima K. Emami ◽  
Usuk Jung ◽  
Brynn Voy ◽  
Sami Dridi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
The Impact

Lipid metabolism in avian species places unique demands on the liver in comparison to most mammals. The avian liver synthesizes the vast majority of fatty acids that provide energy and support cell membrane synthesis throughout the bird. Egg production intensifies demands to the liver as hepatic lipids are needed to create the yolk. The enzymatic reactions that underlie de novo lipogenesis are energetically demanding and require a precise balance of vitamins and cofactors to proceed efficiently. External stressors such as overnutrition or nutrient deficiency can disrupt this balance and compromise the liver’s ability to support metabolic needs. Heat stress is an increasingly prevalent environmental factor that impairs lipid metabolism in the avian liver. The effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress on hepatic lipid metabolism are of particular concern in modern commercial chickens due to the threat to global poultry production. Chickens are highly vulnerable to heat stress because of their limited capacity to dissipate heat, high metabolic activity, high internal body temperature, and narrow zone of thermal tolerance. Modern lines of both broiler (meat-type) and layer (egg-type) chickens are especially sensitive to heat stress because of the high rates of mitochondrial metabolism. While this oxidative metabolism supports growth and egg production, it also yields oxidative stress that can damage mitochondria, cellular membranes and proteins, making the birds more vulnerable to other stressors in the environment. Studies to date indicate that oxidative and heat stress interact to disrupt hepatic lipid metabolism and compromise performance and well-being in both broilers and layers. The purpose of this review is to summarize the impact of heat stress-induced oxidative stress on lipid metabolism in the avian liver. Recent advances that shed light on molecular mechanisms and potential nutritional/managerial strategies to counteract the negative effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress to the avian liver are also integrated.

scholarly journals PSII-26 Changes in growth performance, cytokine profile and eating and drinking behaviors of growing pigs subjected to an induced heat stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 215-215
Author(s):  
Lauren E Anderson ◽  
Jonathan P Holt
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Cytokine Profile ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Drinking Behaviors ◽  
Drinking Frequency ◽  
Neutral Conditions

Abstract This study was conducted to determine effects of induced heat stress on growth performance, cytokine profile and eating and drinking behaviors of growing pigs. Pigs (n = 32; average BW =42.25±0.78 kg) were housed individually in thermo-neutral conditions (CON) or subjected to constant high ambient temperatures (mean 81.7°F) for 15 d (HS), followed by a 7 d recovery period (mean 68.6°F). Pig weights and feed disappearance were recorded on d 0, 8, 15 and 22 for calculations of ADG, ADFI and GF. Blood samples were taken via venipuncture on d 2, 8, 15 and 22, and serum was analyzed for cytokine profile by multiplex-ELISA. Four pigs per treatment were video-recorded on d 2, 6, 9, 16 and 21 for 2 h at 800, 1300 and 1600. Frequency and duration of eating and drinking were recorded. HS pigs had lower ADFI (1.97 kg/d) and ADG (0.91 kg/d) compared to CON pigs (2.39 and 1.11 kg/d, respectively) during wk 1. HS pigs had lower ADFI (2.24 kg/d) during the recovery period compared to CON (2.74 kg/d) pigs. During the overall trial period, HS pigs had lower ADFI (2.30 kg/d) and ADG (0.99 kg/d) compared to CON pigs (2.69 and 1.14 kg/d, respectively), however, GF for HS pigs (0.43) was not different from CON (0.42). HS pigs had increased IL1β (617 pg/mL) and IL12 (1380 pg/mL) compared to CON pigs (248 and 1127 pg/mL, respectively). IL8 was increased for CON (1340 pg/mL) compared to HS (522 pg/mL; P &lt; 0.001). HS pigs ate less frequently in the morning (2 times/h) compared to CON pigs (4.1 times/h; time x treatment interaction, P = 0.003). Regardless of treatment, drinking frequency increased from 1600–1800 (5.7 times/h) compared to 800–1000 (2 times/h; P &lt; 0.001). Heat stress reduces performance, increases circulating inflammatory cytokines and alters daily time of eating.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Stress and Stocking Density on Growth Performance, Breast Meat Quality, and Intestinal Barrier Function in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doyun Goo ◽  
Jong Hyuk Kim ◽  
Geun Hyeon Park ◽  
Jomari Badillo Delos Reyes ◽  
Dong Yong Kil
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress (HS) andstocking density (SD) on growth performance, breast meat quality, and intestinal barrier functionin broiler chickens. Experimental treatments included two different ambient temperatures (20 °C:thermoneutral conditions, or 27.8 °C: HS conditions) and two different SD (low: 9 birds/m2 andhigh: 18 birds/m2) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. A total of 1140 21-day-old broiler chickens wereallotted 1 of 4 treatments with five replicates. At the end of the experiment (35 days of age), twobirds per replicate were euthanized for sample collections. The results indicated no interactionsbetween HS and SD for all measurements. For main effects, HS decreased (p < 0.05) the growthperformance of broiler chickens. Similarly, high SD also decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain andfeed intake. HS decreased (p < 0.01) jejunal trans-epithelial electric resistance (TER), whereas highSD did not affect TER. Neither HS nor high SD affected jejunal tight junction-related geneexpressions; however, high SD reduced (p < 0.05) occludin expression. In conclusion, HS and highSD are key environmental factors decreasing broiler performance; however, the interactive effectsof HS and high SD are not significant under the current conditions.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Amino Acids in the Adaptation of Chicks and Market-Age Broilers to Heat Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwajit S. Chowdhury ◽  
Guofeng Han ◽  
Hatem M. Eltahan ◽  
Shogo Haraguchi ◽  
Elizabeth R. Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Air Temperatures

Increased average air temperatures and more frequent and prolonged periods of high ambient temperature (HT) associated with global warming will increasingly affect worldwide poultry production. It is thus important to understand how HT impacts poultry physiology and to identify novel approaches to facilitate improved adaptation and thereby maximize poultry growth, health and welfare. Amino acids play a role in many physiological functions, including stress responses, and their relative demand and metabolism are altered tissue-specifically during exposure to HT. For instance, HT decreases plasma citrulline (Cit) in chicks and leucine (Leu) in the embryonic brain and liver. The physiological significance of these changes in amino acids may involve protection of the body from heat stress. Thus, numerous studies have focused on evaluating the effects of dietary administration of amino acids. It was found that oral l-Cit lowered body temperature and increased thermotolerance in layer chicks. When l-Leu was injected into fertile broiler eggs to examine the cause of reduction of Leu in embryos exposed to HT, in ovo feeding of l-Leu improved thermotolerance in broiler chicks. In ovo injection of l-Leu was also found to inhibit weight loss in market-age broilers exposed to chronic HT, giving rise to the possibility of developing a novel biotechnology aimed at minimizing the economic losses to poultry producers during summer heat stress. These findings and the significance of amino acid metabolism in chicks and market-age broilers under HT are summarized and discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Effects of Herbal Adaptogen Feed-Additive on Growth Performance, Carcass Parameters, and Muscle Amino Acid Profile in Heat-Stressed Modern Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Greene ◽  
Clay Maynard ◽  
Casey M. Owens ◽  
Jean-François Meullenet ◽  
Sami Dridi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Cyclic Heat

Heat stress has strong adverse effects on poultry production and, thereby, threats its sustainability, which energized scientists to search for innovative and effective solutions. Here, we undertook this study to evaluate the effects of in-feed herbal adaptogen (stress response modifier) supplementation on growth performances, meat quality, and breast amino acid profile in chronic cyclic heat-stressed broilers. Day-old male Cobb 500 chicks (n = 720) were randomly assigned, in environmental chambers (n = 12, 24 pens), to three diet-treatments: a three-phase corn-soybean based diet fed as such (Control, C), or supplemented with the herbal adaptogen at 500 g/1000 kg control diet (NR-PHY-500) or at 1 kg/1000 kg control diet (NR-PHY-1000). From d29 to d42, birds from 9 chambers were exposed to cyclic heat stress (HS, 35°C from 9:30 am-5:30 pm), however, the rest of the chamber were maintained at thermoneutral conditions (24°C, TN), which creates 4 experimental groups: C-TN, C-HS, NR-PHY-500HS, and NR-PHY-1000HS (6 pens/group, 168 birds/group). HS altered growth performance via depression of feed intake and body weight. Adaptogen supplementation stimulated feed intake and averaged 65.95 and 83.25 g better body weight and 5 and 10 points better FCR at low and high dose, respectively, compared to heat-stressed birds. This increase in body weight was mirrored in enhanced weights of body parts (breast, tender, wings, and legs). Adaptogen supplementation modulated also breast amino acid profile, pH, color, and quality. Together, these data suggested that adaptogen supplementation could be a promising solution to alleviate heat stress, however further in-depth investigation for its mode of action and its underlying mechanisms are warranted.

scholarly journals Strategies to Combat Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens: Unveiling the Roles of Selenium, Vitamin E and Vitamin C

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Shakeri ◽  
Ehsan Oskoueian ◽  
Hieu Huu Le ◽  
Mehdi Shakeri
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
System Response ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Vitamins E And C

Heat stress compromises efficient poultry production by impairing growth performance and increasing mortality. Mechanisms to dissipate excess heat divert energy from efficient production. This includes increased energy expenditure for respiration, oxidative stress and micronutrient absorption. The fortification of diets with particular feed additives has been known as one of the most important approaches to minimize the negative impacts of heat stress on broiler production. In this context, the promising functional feed additives appeared to be selenium and vitamins E and C. The fortification of broiler diets with these feed additives has been proven to enhance the function of vital organs, immune system response and growth performance of broilers under heat stress. The current review highlights recent successful experiences in the alleviation of heat stress symptoms in broilers using the above-mentioned additives. Selenium and vitamins E and C enhanced production performance in broiler chickens challenged with acute heat stress. The combination of these additives, by employing multiple mechanisms and through synergistic effects, improves heat stress symptoms more efficiently than their individual forms. Emerging literature reveals that selenium and vitamins E and C are involved in close interactions to protect proteins and lipids from oxidative damage and boost immune system function.

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