scholarly journals Effect of different growing substrates on the plant water relations and marketable fruit yield greenhouse-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Borowski ◽  
Józef Nurzyński
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Rape Straw

In the period 2009-2011, a study was conducted in a greenhouse, using fertigation, to determine water relations and fruit yield of tomato grown in different substrates. Tomato plants were grown on rockwool slabs, 15 dm<sup>3</sup>  in volume, and on slabs of the same volume made of the following straw chaff: rape straw; rape straw + peat (3:1); rape straw + pine bark (3:1); triticale straw; triticale straw + peat (3:1); triticale straw + pine bark (3:1). 2 tomato plants were grown on each slab, leaving 22 fruit clusters on each plant during the period from February to October. The obtained results showed that water potential, stomatal conductance, transpiration, water saturation deficit, and leaf free proline content in tomato grown on rockwool and on rape or triticale straw chaff substrates did not differ statistically significantly. Also, no significant differences were found in marketable tomato fruit yield and dry matter content in tomato fruits. Peat or pine bark addition to rape or triticale straw substrates had no significant effect on the change in their commercially useful traits. In the opinion of the present authors, substrates made of rape or triticale straw alone, and even more so with the addition of peat or bark, are not inferior in any way to commonly used rockwool.

scholarly journals Functional Traits of Plant Species Suitable for Revegetation of Landfill Waste from Nickel Smelter

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Malvína Čierniková ◽  
Ivana Vykouková ◽  
Tomáš Orfánus ◽  
Elena Masarovičová
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit ◽  
Nickel Smelter ◽  
Calamagrostis Epigejos

The landfill waste of leached ore residue represents a serious environmental risk and may also negatively affect the appearance, growth and development of vegetation. Here we focused on the evaluation of functional traits of selected plant species Populus alba, Calamagrostis epigejos, and Diplotaxis muralis growing in an unfavourable environment. We determined different adaptive strategies of selected species to extreme conditions. For Diplotaxis muralis the highest values of the leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and the lowest values of the specific leaf area (SLA) were determined, while for Calamagrostis epigejos these two traits correlated in opposite directions. Populus alba reached the lowest value of the water saturation deficit (WSD), suggesting that this species was most affected by soil water deficiency. The leaf water content (LWC) correlated negatively with the LDMC and positively with the SLA (narrow leaf blade). Although each plant species belongs to a different strategic group (therophyte, hemicryptophyte and phanerophyte in the juvenile stage), they are all very plastic and therefore suitable for remediation. Despite the unfavourable conditions, selected plant species were able to adapt to poor conditions and form more or less vital populations, which indicate the revegetation as a key measure for remediation of landfill waste from nickel smelter.

scholarly journals Yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit harvested from plants grown in mulched soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Joanna Majkowska-Gadomska ◽  
Brygida Wierzbicka ◽  
Katarzyna Arcichowska
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
The University

A study investigating the yield of field-grown tomatoes was conducted in 2007–2009 in the Garden of the Research and Experimental Station of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. The experimental materials comprised two tomato cultivars, 'Bawole Serce' and 'Złoty Ożarowski'. Tomato plants were grown in bare soil and in soil mulched with black non-woven PP 50 fabric. Cultivar selection had a significant effect only on average early yield of 'Bawole Serce'. The highest average early yield for three years of the study was recorded for 'Bawole Serce' grown in mulched soil, while the lowest one for 'Złoty Ożarowski' grown in mulched plots. Tomato marketable yield was significantly higher in both treatments where 'Bawole Serce' plants were grown. Fruits harvested from tomato plants 'Złoty Ożarowski' had a higher dry matter content. Soil mulching significantly increased the dry matter content of 'Złoty Ożarowski' tomato fruit. The experimental factors had no influence on the concentrations of L-ascorbic acid, total sugars, and organic acids. Nitrate levels in tomato fruit were within permissible limits, and they were significantly affected by the cultivation method and the method x cultivar interaction. Nitrate accumulation was reduced in tomato plants 'Złoty Ożarowski' grown in mulched soil.

scholarly journals 304 Effects of Calcium and Magnesium on Growth, Fruit Yield, and Quality of Greenhouse Tomato Grown in Rockwool

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 444B-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuming Hao ◽  
Athanasios P. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
High Calcium

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Trust was grown in rockwool in summer and fall 1999 and 8 calcium/magnesium nutrient treatments, formed by two levels of calcium (Ca: 150 and 300 ppm) and four levels of magnesium (Mg: 20, 50, 80, and 110 ppm), were applied to investigate the effects on growth, fruit yield and quality. High calcium (300 ppm) increased overall fruit yield and size, reduced incidence of blossom-end rot and fruit cracking. However, high calcium also reduced the dry-matter content, soluble solid content and firmness of tomato fruit, and increased fruit russetting. Magnesium did not affect early growth or fruit production. However, 2 months after applying the treatments, the plants grown under 20 ppm Mg started to show Mg-deficient symptoms (leaf chlorosis), and Mg-deficient leaves lost more than 50% of their photosynthetic capability. The Mg concentration required for achieving high yield of firm fruit with high soluble solids and dry-matter content increased as the plant aged; i.e, 50 ppm in early stage of fruit production and 80 ppm in later stage of fruit production. At the end of experiment, the plants grown with 80 ppm of Mg also had the best root systems. Therefore, for both better yield and quality, a concentration of 300/50-80 ppm Ca/Mg may be recommended. Mg concentration may be started at 50 ppm and gradually be increased to 80 ppm in the later stage of fruit production.

EFFECT OF TWO GREENHOUSE COVERS ON GROWTH, DRY MATTER CONTENT AND TOMATO FRUIT QUALITY

2005 ◽  
pp. 481-486
Author(s):  
L. Jarquin-Enriquez ◽  
E. Mercado-Silva ◽  
E. Castaño-Tostado
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content

Effects of Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruit

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wu ◽  
Yicheng Wang ◽  
Jiaxiu Sun ◽  
Yuling Liu ◽  
SHRESTHA SUJATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Acid Ratio

China is the origin and distribution center of kiwifruit, as well as the country with the largest cultivated area and output of kiwifruit. A previous study found that a new kiwifruit virus, Actinidia yellowing ringspot virus (AYRSpV), has been detected in kiwifruit samples with yellowed leaves. The incidence of this virus was high in kiwifruit plantings in Shaanxi Province. To determine the symptoms of this viral infection and the effects of this virus on the yield and quality of kiwifruits, we measured leaf chlorophyll levels and the fruit yield, total sugar, total acid and dry matter contents of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruits grafted with AYRSpV-infected scions. The results showed that after AYRSpV infection, symptoms including chlorotic ringspots were mainly observed in the spring and gradually recovered with high summer temperatures. A few of the leaves that did not recover showed symptoms of albinism, which lasted until the leaves fell. We found that AYRSpV infection could reduce the chlorophyll content of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit by 74.61-76.64%, the fruit yield by 14.50-24.10%, the sugar to acid ratio by 50.09-50.57%, and the fruit dry matter content by 1.67-1.78%. Our results showed that AYRSpV infection could significantly affect the yield and quality of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit.

Use of Lycopersicon cheesmanii and L. chmielewskii to increase dry matter content of tomato fruit

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Poysa
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Solids Content

Advanced lines and backcrosses from interspecific hybridization of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with six L. chmielewskii (Rick, Kesicki, Fobes and Holle) and L. cheesmanii (Riley) accessions were evaluated in the field over 2 yr for soluble solids content (SSC), total solids content (TSC), fruit yield and fruit size to determine the effectiveness of combining elevated solids levels with high fruit yield and size following early generation selection. More than a quarter of the lines had significantly higher SSC levels than the recurrent tomato parent, Purdue 812 (P812). Several lines combined high SSC and TSC with high fruit yield and large fruit size to produce more dry matter yield per hectare or per fruit than P812. Two backcrosses were optimal for combining high SSC and high yield. SSC and TSC were negatively correlated with fruit size and, to a lesser degree, with fruit yield. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, soluble solids, total solids

scholarly journals Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for various quantitative and qualitative traits in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-273
Author(s):  
Syed Berjes Zehra ◽  
Shabir Hussain Khan ◽  
Asif Ahmad ◽  
Baseerat Afroza ◽  
K. Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Fruit Harvest

Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for different quantitative and qualitative characters were studied in 64 genotypes of chilli. The study indicated the existence of considerable amount of genetic variability for all the traits under study. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for almost all the traits studied. The maximum range was recorded for fruit yield per plant (150-900 g) followed by vitamin-C content at red ripe stage (35.50 -207.17 mg/100g), vitamin-C content at green stage (24.93-195.83 mg/100g), capsanthin content (39.58-180.35ASTA units, number of fruits per plant (21.32-100.27) and plant height (50.20-105.00cm). The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variability were observed for average fruit weight followed by seed yield per plant, average seed weight per fruit, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant and fruit diameter. In general the phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were slight higher than genotypic coefficients of variation GCV), which indicates the minor role of environment in the expression of traits under observation. The estimates of heritability in broad sense was high for all the characters. The present investigation indicates a great scope of in the improvement of these traits as these characters in general possessed high estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic advancement except for days to first fruit set, days to first green fruit harvest, days to first ripe fruit harvest and dry matter content (high heritability but moderate genetic gain) indicating the preponderance of additive gene action for control of these traits.

The study of the elements of tomato cultivation technology in the conditions of subirrigation aeroponics at Fitopiramida greenhouse

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Х.К. Фаравн ◽  
В.И. Леунов ◽  
Р.Р. Усманов ◽  
Т.А. Терешонкова ◽  
В.С. Голубович ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection And Assessment

Технологии аэро- и гидропоники – вершина технологий для защищенного грунта. Для производителей овощей большой интерес представляет многоярусная гидропоника. Один из вариантов ее реализации – многоярусная установка «Фитопирамида». Она предназначена для бессубстратного выращивания растений аэроводным методом (субирригационная аэропоника). Первым этапом селекционного процесса по созданию гибридов для малообъемной культуры типа «Фитопирамида» стало сравнительное испытание сортов и гибридов томата с различной окраской и массой плода. Предварительные эксперименты показали эффективность и хорошую приспособленность томатов с детерминантным типом роста для условий «Фитопирамиды». Поэтому было принято решение испытать два коммерческих детерминантных гибрида, отличающихся по скороспелости, массе и окраске плода. Для основного питания в технологии «Фитопирамида» используется раствор удобрений постоянного состава, специально подобранный для культуры томата. Однако из литературы известно, что растения томата на различных этапах развития нуждаются в специфических соотношениях основных элементов и микроэлементов, поэтому для оптимизации роста и развития растений было предложено испытать несколько вариантов некорневых подкормок. Цель работы: подбор и оценка сортимента детерминантных томатов на пригодность к возделыванию в условиях этой технологии, изучение влияния на урожайность двух детерминантных гибридов различных некорневых подкормок, а также оценка уровня взаимодействия «сорт-вариант подкормки» на основе статистического анализа результатов. Исследования, проведенные в 2019-2020 годах, позволяют сделать предварительные выводы. Из 24 испытанных детерминантных гибридов выделены наиболее раннеспелые, с относительно высоким показателем содержания сухого вещества, ликопина. Гибрид F1Розанна более пригоден для условий «Фитопирамиды», это достоверно и по признаку урожайности, и по признаку продуктивности. Из исследуемых вариантов применения минеральных удобрений наилучшие и достоверные результаты были получены в варианте 3NPK; на основании статистической обработки установлен оптимальный вариант взаимодействия «сорт-уровень минерального питания» – гибрид F1Розанна на фоне 3NPK. Aeroponics and hydroponics technologies are one of the most advanced today. For vegetable growers, multi-tiered hydroponics is of great interest. One of its variants is the multi-tier plant Fitopiramida – designed for soilless growing of plants by the air method (subirrigation aeroponics). The first stage of the breeding process to create hybrids for a small-volume crop such as Fitopiramidа was a comparative test of varieties and hybrids of tomato with different colours and fruit weights. Preliminary experiments have shown the effectiveness and good adaptability of tomatoes of the determinant type of growth for the conditions of Fitopiramida. Therefore, it was decided to test 2 commercial determinant hybrids, differing in early maturity, weight and colour of the fruit. For the main nutrition in the Fitopiramidаtechnology, a solution of fertilizers of constant composition is used, specially selected for the tomato culture. However, it is known from the literature that tomato plants at various stages of development need specific ratios of basic elements and microelements, therefore, to optimize plant growth and development, it was proposed to test several options for foliar feeding. The aim of the work was the selection and assessment of the assortment of determinant tomatoes for suitability for cultivation under the conditions of this technology, the study of the effect on the yield of 2 determinant hybrids of different foliar dressings, as well as the assessment of the level of interaction «variety-option of feeding» based on the statistical analysis of the results. Research carried out in 2019-2020 allow us to draw preliminary conclusions: from 24 tested determinant hybrids, the earliest ripening, with a relatively high level of dry matter content, lycopene, were isolated; the F1Rozanna hybrid is more suitable for the conditions of the Fitopyramida. This is reliable, both in terms of yield and in terms of productivity. Among the investigated options for the use of mineral fertilizers, the most maximum and reliable results were obtained in the 3NPK option; on the basis of statistical processing, the optimal variant of the interaction «variety-level of mineral nutrition» was established - hybrid F1 Rozanna against the background of 3NPK.

scholarly journals Management of Root Knot Nematode on Tomato through Grafting Root Stock of Solanum sisymbriifolium

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj Baidya ◽  
Ram Devi Timila ◽  
Ram Bahadur KC ◽  
Hira Kaji Manandhar ◽  
Chetana Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Solanum Sisymbriifolium

The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) are difficult to manage once established in the field because of their wide host range, and soil-borne nature. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the use of resistant root stock of wild brinjal (Solanum sisymbriifolium) to reduce the loss caused by the nematodes on tomato. For the management of root-knot nematodes, grafted plant with resistant root stock of the wild brinjal was tested under farmers’ field conditions at Hemza of Kaski district. Grafted and non-grafted plants were produced in root-knot nematode-free soil. Around three week-old grafted and non-grafted tomato plants were transplanted in four different plastic tunnels where root-knot nematodes had been reported previously. The plants were planted in diagonal position to each other as a pair plot in 80 × 60 cm2 spacing in an average of 20 × 7 m2 plastic tunnels. Galling Index (GI) was recorded three times in five randomly selected plants in each plot at 60 days intervals. The first observation was recorded two months after transplanting. Total fruit yield was recorded from same plants. In the grafted plants, the root system was totally free from gall whereas in an average of 7.5 GI in 0-10 scale was recorded in the non-grafted plants. Fruits were harvested from time to time and cumulated after final harvest to calculate the total fruit yield. It was estimated that on an average tomato fruit yield was significantly (P>0.05) increased by 37 percent in the grafted plants compared with the non-grafted plants. Grafting technology could be used effectively for cultivation of commonly grown varieties, which are susceptible to root-knot nematodes in disease prone areas. This can be used as an alternative technology for reducing the use of hazardous pesticides for enhancing commercial organic tomato production.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.3 2017: 27-31

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