scholarly journals Functional Traits of Plant Species Suitable for Revegetation of Landfill Waste from Nickel Smelter

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Malvína Čierniková ◽  
Ivana Vykouková ◽  
Tomáš Orfánus ◽  
Elena Masarovičová
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit ◽  
Nickel Smelter ◽  
Calamagrostis Epigejos

The landfill waste of leached ore residue represents a serious environmental risk and may also negatively affect the appearance, growth and development of vegetation. Here we focused on the evaluation of functional traits of selected plant species Populus alba, Calamagrostis epigejos, and Diplotaxis muralis growing in an unfavourable environment. We determined different adaptive strategies of selected species to extreme conditions. For Diplotaxis muralis the highest values of the leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and the lowest values of the specific leaf area (SLA) were determined, while for Calamagrostis epigejos these two traits correlated in opposite directions. Populus alba reached the lowest value of the water saturation deficit (WSD), suggesting that this species was most affected by soil water deficiency. The leaf water content (LWC) correlated negatively with the LDMC and positively with the SLA (narrow leaf blade). Although each plant species belongs to a different strategic group (therophyte, hemicryptophyte and phanerophyte in the juvenile stage), they are all very plastic and therefore suitable for remediation. Despite the unfavourable conditions, selected plant species were able to adapt to poor conditions and form more or less vital populations, which indicate the revegetation as a key measure for remediation of landfill waste from nickel smelter.

scholarly journals Effect of different growing substrates on the plant water relations and marketable fruit yield greenhouse-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Borowski ◽  
Józef Nurzyński
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Rape Straw

In the period 2009-2011, a study was conducted in a greenhouse, using fertigation, to determine water relations and fruit yield of tomato grown in different substrates. Tomato plants were grown on rockwool slabs, 15 dm<sup>3</sup>  in volume, and on slabs of the same volume made of the following straw chaff: rape straw; rape straw + peat (3:1); rape straw + pine bark (3:1); triticale straw; triticale straw + peat (3:1); triticale straw + pine bark (3:1). 2 tomato plants were grown on each slab, leaving 22 fruit clusters on each plant during the period from February to October. The obtained results showed that water potential, stomatal conductance, transpiration, water saturation deficit, and leaf free proline content in tomato grown on rockwool and on rape or triticale straw chaff substrates did not differ statistically significantly. Also, no significant differences were found in marketable tomato fruit yield and dry matter content in tomato fruits. Peat or pine bark addition to rape or triticale straw substrates had no significant effect on the change in their commercially useful traits. In the opinion of the present authors, substrates made of rape or triticale straw alone, and even more so with the addition of peat or bark, are not inferior in any way to commonly used rockwool.

scholarly journals Functional Traits of Olive Varieties and Their Relationship with the Tolerance Level towards Verticillium Wilt

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079
Author(s):  
Martina Cardoni ◽  
Jesús Mercado-Blanco ◽  
Rafael Villar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Olive Varieties

Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO), caused by the soil-borne pathogen Verticillium dahliae, is considered one of the most important diseases affecting this tree crop. One of the best VWO management measures is the use of tolerant cultivars. Remarkably, no information is available about olive functional traits and their potential relationship with tolerance to V. dahliae. Twenty-five selected functional traits (for leaf, stem, root and whole plant) were evaluated in six olive varieties differing in their VWO tolerance level to identify possible links between this phenotype and functional traits’ variation. High intervarietal diversity was found among cultivars and several functional traits were related with VWO tolerance. Tolerant varieties showed higher leaf area, dry matter content (leaf, stem and plant) and mass fraction for stems, but lower for leaves. Significant differences were also detected for root functional traits, tolerant cultivars displaying larger fine root diameter and lignin content but smaller specific length and area of thick and fine roots. Correlations were found among functional traits both within varieties and between levels of tolerance/susceptibility to VWO. Associations were observed between biomass allocation, dry matter content and VWO tolerance. The most relevant difference between tolerant and susceptible cultivars was related to root system architecture.

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Effects of Precipitation Change and Nutrients Addition on Desert Steppe Productivity in Inner Mongolia, Northern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Guo ◽  
Xiaoan Zuo ◽  
Ping Yue ◽  
Xiangyun Li ◽  
Ya Hu
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Desert Steppe ◽  
Precipitation Changes

Abstract Background and Aims Global changes profoundly impact on structure and function of grassland ecosystem. However, it remains unclear on the mechanism of how multiple limiting resources affect plant community primary productivity (ANPP) in desert steppe.Methods Here, we conducted an experiment to examine the effects of precipitation changes (natural and ± 50% precipitation) and nutrient addition (=N: 0 g·m-2·yr-1; +N: N 10 g·m-2·yr-1; +NPK: N/P/K each for 10 g·m-2·yr-1) on species diversity, ANPP, functional traits and soil properties. We used structural equation model (SEM) to evaluate the effects of precipitation changes and nutrient addition on ANPP.Results Increased precipitation increased species diversity and ANPP under NPK addition, NPK addition increased ANPP under increased precipitation, and the interaction of precipitation changes and nutrient addition was significant for ANPP. Drought reduced plant height and leaf dry matter content (LDMC), but increased leaf nitrogen content (LNC). ANPP was positively correlated with species richness, abundance, height and LDMC, but negatively correlated with specific leaf area (SLA) and LNC. The SEM showed increased precipitation and nutrient addition directly increased ANPP. Altered precipitation indirectly affected ANPP through its effect on abundance and SLA, while nutrient addition indirectly affected ANPP only through its effect on abundance.Conclusion The combined limitations of precipitation and multiple nutrients deserves more attention in studying the effect of global changes on productivity in arid steppe. Our results highlight the importance of species diversity and functional traits in driving short-term responses of ANPP to environmental factors in desert steppe ecosystems.

scholarly journals Some physiological and biochemical changes of micropropagated Rhynchostylis gigantea during ex vitro acclimatization and greenhouse stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Cao Phi Bang
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Fresh Leaf

The ex vitro acclimatization and greenhouse periods play a significant role for the in vitro originated plantlets. In these stages, the micropropagated plantlets have to rapidly adapt to environmental changes. Rhynchostylis gigantea is widely in vitro produced due to highly aesthetic and economic value. The aim of this work was to update the physiological changes of micropropagated R. gigantea plantlets during ex vitro acclimatization and greenhouse stages. The analysis results showed that leaf water content was significantly decreased at day 14 (90.36%) and day 28 (90.17%) stages but increased at day 84 (92.52%) and day 140 (92.34%) stages in compared to in vitro stages, day 0 (92.7%). Dry matter content was changing in the opposite direction to the leaf water content with the highest values at day 14 (9.63%) and day 28 (9.83%), respectively. The leaf transpiration rate was the highest at day zero (0.146 g/dm2/h) in compared to all other studied points. Oppositively, GPX activity was the lowest in plantlets at day zero (13.2 UI/g fresh leaf ) and the highest in planlets at day 14 (36,4 UI/g fresh leaf ). The leaf proline content was higher at day 7 and day 14 stages (132.3 and 150.8 m g/g fresh leaf, respectively) but lower at day 84 and day 140 stages (44.3 and 53.3 microgram/g fresh leaf, respectively) than at day zero (73.7 microgram/g fresh leaf ).

scholarly journals A Mobile NMR Sensor and Relaxometric Method to Non-destructively Monitor Water and Dry Matter Content in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carel W. Windt ◽  
Moritz Nabel ◽  
Johannes Kochs ◽  
Siegfried Jahnke ◽  
Ulrich Schurr
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Intact Plants

Water content (WC) and dry matter content (DMC) are some of the most basic parameters to describe plant growth and yield, but are exceptionally difficult to measure non-invasively. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry may fill this methodological gap. It allows non-invasive detection of protons in liquids and solids, and on the basis of these measures, can be used to quantify liquid and dry matter contents of seeds and plants. Unfortunately, most existing NMR relaxometers are large, unwieldy and not suitable to measure intact plants or to be used under field conditions. In addition, currently the appropriate NMR relaxometric methods are poorly suited for non-expert use. We here present a novel approach to overcome these drawbacks. We demonstrate that a basic NMR relaxometer with the capability to accept intact plants, in combination with straightforward NMR and data processing methods, can be used as an NMR plant sensor to continuously, quantitatively and non-invasively monitor changes in WC and DMC. This can be done in vivo, in situ, and with high temporal resolution. The method is validated by showing that measured liquid and solid proton densities accurately reflect WC and DMC of reference samples. The NMR plant sensor is demonstrated in an experimental context by monitoring WC of rice leaves under osmotic stress, and by measuring the dynamics of water and dry matter accumulation during seed filling in a developing wheat ear. It is further demonstrated how the method can be used to estimate leaf water potential on the basis of changes in leaf water content.

scholarly journals The effect of water saturation deficit on the volume of intercellular space in laeves

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Czerski ◽  
A. Sosińska ◽  
Z. Kozłowska
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Intercellular Space ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit ◽  
Saturation Deficit ◽  
Helichrysum Bracteatum

The volume of intercellular spaces in leaves at various stages of water saturation was determined by method of Czerski (1964, 1968). The investigation were performed with the following plant species: <i>Vicia faba</i> L., <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L. var. <i>rustica, Solarium tuberosum</i> L. var. Flisak, <i>Helichrysum bracteatum</i> Wild., <i>Bmssica napus</i> L. var. <i>oleifera, Beta vulgaris</i> L. var. <i>saccharifera</i>.

scholarly journals The acquisitive-conservative axis of leaf trait variation emerges even in homogeneous environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas D Gorné ◽  
Sandra Díaz ◽  
Vanessa Minden ◽  
Yusuke Onoda ◽  
Koen Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Functional Traits ◽  
Leaf Trait

Abstract Background and Aims The acquisitive-conservative axis of plant ecological strategies results in a pattern of leaf trait covariation that captures the balance between leaf construction costs and plant growth potential. Studies evaluating trait covariation within species are scarcer, and have mostly dealt with variation in response to environmental gradients. Little work has been published on intraspecific patterns of leaf trait covariation in the absence of strong environmental variation. Methods We analysed covariation of four leaf functional traits (SLA: specific leaf area, LDMC: leaf dry matter content, Ft: force to tear, and Nm: leaf nitrogen content) in six Poaceae and four Fabaceae species common in the dry Chaco forest of Central Argentina, growing in the field and in a common garden. We compared intraspecific covariation patterns (slopes, correlation and effect size) of leaf functional traits with global interspecific covariation patterns. Additionally, we checked for possible climatic and edaphic factors that could affect the intraspecific covariation pattern. Key Results We found negative correlations for the LDMC-SLA, Ft-SLA, LDMC-Nm, and Ft-Nm trait pairs. This intraspecific covariation pattern found both in the field and in the common garden and not be explained by climatic or edaphic variation in the field follows the expected acquisitive-conservative axis. At the same time, we found quantitative differences in slopes among different species, and between these intraspecific patterns and the interspecific ones. Many of these differences seem to be idiosyncratic, but some appear consistent among species (e.g.all the intraspecific LDMC-SLA and LDMC-Nm slopes tend to be shallower than the global). Conclusions Our study indicates that the acquisitive-conservative leaf functional trait covariation pattern occurs at the intraspecific level even in the absence of relevant environmental variation in the field. This suggests a high degree of variation-covariation in leaf functional traits not driven by environmental variables.

The effect of drought on functional traits and diversity in Douglas Fir: snapshots before, during, and after the summer 2018 European drought event

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaleen March ◽  
Marjolein Paardekooper ◽  
Joris Timmermans ◽  
Celine Huisman ◽  
Manouk van der Aa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Temporal Study

&lt;p&gt;The summer of 2018 brought a record-breaking heat wave and record low rainfall, resulting in a severe drought in much of northern and central Europe. In the following year, precipitation increased but in many locations remained below average. A temporal study that began in 2017 in a temperate evergreen forest in the Netherlands allowed the opportunity examine the effects of this drought on functional traits before, during, and after the event. This gave us new trait-based insight into the resistance, resilience, and recovery abilities of the Douglas Fir to drought. During the growing season of 2017-2019, leaves were collected every 2-4 weeks. Functional traits were derived, including total chlorophyll, carotenoids, specific leaf area, and leaf dry matter content. Functional diversity metrics were also derived to examine response to drought. Using ANOVA to compare trait values during the same parts of the season, we found all traits showed significant changes at some point, but chlorophyll and carotenoids had the largest responses to the drought. Chlorophyll concentrations showed a continued decrease into 2019. Carotenoid concentration increased across the years, which has been shown to be an indication of plant stress. Though Douglas Fir has been considered drought resistant, this study reveals that the intensity of the 2018 drought had an impact on its traits and its resilience without sufficient soil moisture relief in the following year. Much attention has been paid to extreme events with climate change; however, it is these events paired with a lack of adequate recovery conditions that can push ecosystems past their tipping point.&lt;/p&gt;

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document