scholarly journals Selected aspects of tiny vetch [Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray S.F.] seed ecology: generative reproduction and effects of seed maturity and seed storage on seed germination

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kucewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Maćkiewicz ◽  
Anna Źróbek-Sokolnik
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Seed Ecology ◽  
Vicia Hirsuta

<i>Vicia hirsuta</i> (L.) Gray S.F. (tiny vetch) is a common and persistent segetal weed. Tiny vetch seeds and pods reach different stages of maturity during the crop harvest season. Some seeds that mature before cereal harvest are shed in the field and deposited in the soil seed bank, while others become incorporated into seed material. The objective of this study was to describe selected aspects of tiny vetch seed ecology: to determine the rate of individual reproduction of vetch plants growing in winter and spring grain crops and to evaluate the germination of seeds at different stages of maturity, subject to storage conditions. The seeds and pods of <i>V. hirsuta</i> were sorted according to their development stages at harvest and divided into two groups. The first group was stored under laboratory conditions for two months. In the autumn of the same year, the seeds were subjected to germination tests. The remaining seeds were stored in a storeroom, and were planted in soil in the spring. The germination rate was evaluated after 8 months of storage. Potential productivity (developed pods and flowers, fruit buds) was higher in plants fruiting in winter wheat than in spring barley. Vetch plants produced around 17-26% more pods (including cracked, mature, greenish-brown and green pods) and around 25% less buds in winter wheat than in spring barley. Immature seeds were characterized by the highest germination capacity. Following storage under laboratory conditions and stratification in soil, mature seeds germinated at a rate of several percent. After storage in a storeroom, seeds at all three development stages broke dormancy at a rate of 72- 75%. The high germination power of tiny vetch seeds stored in a storeroom indicates that this plant can be classified as an obligatory speirochoric weed species.

scholarly journals Characteristic of grain contamination with weeds in some cereal varieties

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Franciszek Pawłowski ◽  
Marian Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Grain Contamination ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Grain contamination with weeds in winter wheat, winter rye, spring barley and seeding oats harvested with combines was examined. A different number of seeds and weed species was found to be present in 1 kg of grain of the cereal varieties compared. Certain similarities were noticed in the botanical composition and in the frequency of occurrence of weed seeds in the examined samples of cereal grains.

scholarly journals Comparison of mineralisation and humification of postharvest residues of cereals in conventional and organic cropping practices

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Tesařová ◽  
Petr Kudlička ◽  
Ľubica Pospíšilová ◽  
Libor Kalhotka ◽  
František Hrabě
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Cropping Practices ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Crop System

Yearly inputs and transformations of above – and underground plant residues of winter wheat and spring barley were followed in „intensive“ (I, mineral fertilizers only) and „organic“ (0, most of nutrients applied as animal manure) crop sequences. Total amount of postharvest residues was lower in I crop system compared with that in the organic (O) one. Plant residues produced in O crop system were decomposed more rapidly both under field and laboratory conditions, than those from I crop system. Differences between Corg at the beginning and at the end of ten-weeks laboratory incubation of soils enriched by plant residues indicated that soil microflora humified more intensively a) spring barley than winter wheat residues and b) underground plant residues than straw.

scholarly journals The effect of three soil tillage treatments on weed infestation in forage maize

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Chovancova ◽  
Lubomir Neudert ◽  
Jan Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

This study assessed the impact of using soil tillage in maize crops on weed infestation intensity and weed species composition. A field experiment was established as a model example of livestock production management in drier climate conditions where maize was grown in seven-step crop rotation sequence: alfalfa – the first year, alfalfa – the second year, winter wheat, forage maize, winter wheat, sugar beet, and spring barley. Three soil tillage treatments were applied: conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT). An arithmetic method and multivariate analyses of ecological data were used. The highest weed infestation, mainly due to late spring species, was recorded in MT. Perennial and overwintering species were frequently observed in NT. Early spring weed species were abundant in CT. Different tillage treatments cause a significant change in the weed species spectrum in maize. A study of the relationship between tillage and the level of weed infestation requires long-term monitoring which will allow us to predict the intensity of weed infestation in particular locations.

scholarly journals The weed seed bank assessment in two soil depths under various mineral fertilising

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Hunková ◽  
Jan Winkler ◽  
Eva Demjanová
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
The Impact

The field trial at the experimental station of Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra - Kolíňany (Slovak Republic, maize growing region, Haplic Luvisol and Stagni-Haplic Luvisol) in 1997 year was established. Experiments were based on 14 ha area (424 x 432.2 m) by long strips method. The impact of different mineral fertilisers on six model crops was observed: winter wheat, spring barley, sunflower, winter oilseed rape, maize and sugar beet. Weed infestation of winter wheat, spring barley, maize and sugar beet as well as weed seed bank composition since 2000 year till 2002 year were detected. Three variants of mineral fertilisation were applied: variant 1 – without fertilisers, variant 2 – N-P-K fertilisation, steady state soil nutrients balance, variant 3 – high doses of N-P-K fertilisers (positive soil nutrients balance). Soil weed seed bank was analysed once per year before crop germination (on February) from depths 0–0.05 m and 0.20–0.25 m in five replicates. From the depth 0–0.05 m 26 weed species were found, from the depth 0.20–0.25 m 23 weed species, from late spring group mainly. Chenopodium album, Stellaria media and Amaranthus spp. (77.57 % from intact seeds in total) were the most occurred weeds in both depths. The year, depth of soil sampling and fertilisation did not have statistically significant impact on weed seeds number in the soil.

scholarly journals Effect of various tillage operations and straw management on the occurence of weeds

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Ivana Remešová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Tillage Operations

The weed infestation was assessed in a field experiment at the Research Institute for Folder Crops Ltd., Troubsko near Brno in 2001−2004. Numbers of individual weed species were determined using a counting method on the area of 0.25 m2 in winter wheat stands within the 6-crop rotation (peas, winter wheat, spring barley, oilseed rape, winter wheat, winter wheat) in different variants of soil tillage and straw management. The highest weed infestation in all variants was found when winter wheat followed winter wheat. The highest number of weeds was assessed in the variant with stubble tillage to the depth of 0.12−0.15 m, planting with a precision drill and straw chopping. The lowest number of weeds was found in winter wheat after peas in the variant with incorporation of chopped straw using a tiller to 0.12−0.15 m and planting with a drilling combination, and in the variant where chopped straw was sprayed with the BETA-LIQ preparation, incorporation with a tiller to 0.12−0.15 m and planting with a drilling combination.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Heterogeneity of Weed Infestation in Cereal Stands

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Jan Winkler ◽  
Vojtěch Lukas ◽  
Vladimír Smutný
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Targeted Intervention ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Village

The aim of this study was to evaluate the heterogeneity of the incidence of individual weed species on a selected experimental field. This field was situated in the cadastre of the village Žabčice (South Moravian Region, Czech Republic). To evaluate the intensity of weed infestation, a field experiment was established. In 2011, altogether 33 weed species were identified in a stand of spring barley. In the next year, the total number of weeds in a stand of winter wheat was 22. Basing on results of the evaluation of infestation heterogeneity it was possible to detect the following trends: The first one concerned the incidence of significantly dominant species Chenopodium album and Veronica hederifolia in stands of spring barley and winter wheat, respectively. The second one expressed the incidence of the so-called sub-dominant species. Regarding the character of the incidence of these weed species it would be suitable to kill them by means of a targeted application of herbicides. Finally, the third trend concerned the incidence of that group of weeds that occurred in the major part of the experimental plot but in low numbers only. The abundance of these species was minimal and the total number of weed plants did not exceed the limit of 100 specimens. This group of weeds involved also those species that were markedly more frequent on plots situated closer to the margin of the experimental field. The targeted application of herbicides can be performed on plots with a lower level of weed infestation; another possibility, however, seems to be a targeted intervention that helps to control the incidence of a certain weed species and/or that is performed along the margin of the field where the different weed species are more frequent.

Potential of water balance and remote sensing-based evapotranspiration models to predict yields of spring barley and winter wheat in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 107064
Author(s):  
František Jurečka ◽  
Milan Fischer ◽  
Petr Hlavinka ◽  
Jan Balek ◽  
Daniela Semerádová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals Weed Flora and Soil Seed Bank Composition as Affected by Tillage System in Three-Year Crop Rotation

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Janusz Smagacz ◽  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski ◽  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Andrzej Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
No Till ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Direct Sowing

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest around agricultural science and practice in conservation tillage systems that are compatible with sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess the qualitative and quantitative changes in weed flora and soil seed bank under reduced tillage and no-till (direct sowing) in comparison with traditional ploughing. In the crop rotation: pea/rape—winter wheat—winter wheat the number and dry weight of weeds increased with the simplification of tillage. The seed bank was the largest under direct sowing and about three times smaller in traditional ploughing. Under direct sowing, most weed seeds were accumulated in the top soil layer 0–5 cm, while in the ploughing system most weed seeds occurred in deeper layers: 5–10 and 10–20 cm. In the reduced and no-till systems, a greater percentage of perennial and invasive species, such as Conyza canadensis L., was observed. The results show that it is possible to maintain weed infestation in the no-till system at a level that does not significantly affect winter wheat yield and does not pose a threat of perennial and invasive weeds when effective herbicide protection is applied.

scholarly journals Factors affecting Cyperus difformis seed germination and seedling emergence

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Derakhshan ◽  
J. Gherekhloo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cyperus Difformis ◽  
Emergence Patterns

Specific knowledge about the dormancy, germination, and emergence patterns of weed species aids the development of integrated management strategies. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of several environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of Cyperus difformis. Germination of freshly harvested seeds was inhibited by darkness; however, when seeds were subsequently transferred to complete light they germinated readily. Our results showed that 2 wk of cold stratification overcome the light requirement for germination. Seeds of C. difformis were able to germinate over a broad range of temperatures (25/15, 30/20, 35/25, and 40/30 ºC day/night). The response of germination rate to temperature was described as a non-linear function. Based on model outputs, the base, the optimum and the ceiling temperatures were estimated as 14.81, 37.72 and 45 ºC, respectively. A temperature of 120 ºC for a 5 min was required to inhibit 50% of maximum germination. The osmotic potential and salinity required for 50% inhibition of maximum germination were -0.47 MPa and 135.57 mM, respectively. High percentage of seed germination (89%) was observed at pH=6 and decreased to 12% at alkaline medium (pH 9) pH. Seeds sown on the soil surface gave the greatest percentage of seedling emergence, and no seedlings emerged from seeds buried in soil at depths of 1 cm.

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