scholarly journals The effect of three soil tillage treatments on weed infestation in forage maize

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Chovancova ◽  
Lubomir Neudert ◽  
Jan Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

This study assessed the impact of using soil tillage in maize crops on weed infestation intensity and weed species composition. A field experiment was established as a model example of livestock production management in drier climate conditions where maize was grown in seven-step crop rotation sequence: alfalfa – the first year, alfalfa – the second year, winter wheat, forage maize, winter wheat, sugar beet, and spring barley. Three soil tillage treatments were applied: conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT). An arithmetic method and multivariate analyses of ecological data were used. The highest weed infestation, mainly due to late spring species, was recorded in MT. Perennial and overwintering species were frequently observed in NT. Early spring weed species were abundant in CT. Different tillage treatments cause a significant change in the weed species spectrum in maize. A study of the relationship between tillage and the level of weed infestation requires long-term monitoring which will allow us to predict the intensity of weed infestation in particular locations.

scholarly journals The impact of different soil tillage on weed infestation of spring barley in conditions of dryer climatic areas Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The impact of soil tillage on weeds in spring barley was observed on the field trial. The field trial was established in very warm and dry climatic region (experimental field station in Žabčice, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Czech Republic). In the experiment there was used 7-strip crop rotation and three variants of soil tillage: conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), when soil is shallow loosened and no tillage (NT) what means direct sowing without any soil tillage. The weed infestation was evaluated by counting method before herbicide application. Analysis of va­rian­ce (ANOVA) and then LSD methods, DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) and CCA (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) were used for evaluation of results. The obtained results showed, that different soil tillage did not statistically influenced weed infestation in spring barley. The number of weed species depended on the depth of soil tillage, the variant of minimum tillage had lower number of weed species. These species were more common on the variant of conventional tillage: Chenopodium album, Silene noctiflora, Sinapis arvensis, Veronica polita. The variant of minimum tillage was more suitable for these species: Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Amaranthus sp., Galium aparine. On the variant of direct so­wing there appeared mainly these species: Sonchus oleraceus, Lactuca serriola, Tripleurospermum inodorum.

scholarly journals Effect of various tillage operations and straw management on the occurence of weeds

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Ivana Remešová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Tillage Operations

The weed infestation was assessed in a field experiment at the Research Institute for Folder Crops Ltd., Troubsko near Brno in 2001−2004. Numbers of individual weed species were determined using a counting method on the area of 0.25 m2 in winter wheat stands within the 6-crop rotation (peas, winter wheat, spring barley, oilseed rape, winter wheat, winter wheat) in different variants of soil tillage and straw management. The highest weed infestation in all variants was found when winter wheat followed winter wheat. The highest number of weeds was assessed in the variant with stubble tillage to the depth of 0.12−0.15 m, planting with a precision drill and straw chopping. The lowest number of weeds was found in winter wheat after peas in the variant with incorporation of chopped straw using a tiller to 0.12−0.15 m and planting with a drilling combination, and in the variant where chopped straw was sprayed with the BETA-LIQ preparation, incorporation with a tiller to 0.12−0.15 m and planting with a drilling combination.

scholarly journals The impact of stubble crop on spring barley weed infestation

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Wrzesińska ◽  
Anna Komorowska ◽  
Grażyna Nurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The condition and degree of weed infestation were determined in a spring barely crop grown in a short-term monoculture after mulching the soil with plants grown as a stubble crop (the control treatment without cover crop – lacy phacelia, white mustard, sunflower). The field experiment was carried out in 2010–2013 on good rye soil complex using a split-block design in four replications. The obtained results (the mean from all years of the experiment) showed that the stubble crop, especially sunflower, reduced the diversity of weed species without causing at the same time changes in weed species dominance. In all the control treatments of the experiment, <em>Chenopodium album</em> and <em>Fallopia convolvulus</em> were the dominant species. The degree of spring barley weed infestation depended on the species grown in the cover crop. White mustard and lacy phacelia slightly increased the number of weeds but their fresh matter significantly increased. However, the sunflower cover crop significantly increased the number of weeds without any substantial differentiation of their fresh mass.

scholarly journals Effects of the Tillage Technology and the Forecrop on Weeds in Stands of Winter Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-483
Author(s):  
Jan Winkler ◽  
Václav Trojan ◽  
Věra Hrubešová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Redundancy Analysis ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
The Village

The semipilot-scale field experiment was established in the cadastre of the village Letkovice in the South Moravian Region (Czech Republic). The study area was situated in a warm climatic region T2. Winter wheat was cultivated in two variants of tillage, viz. conventional tillage (CT) and minimum tillage (MT) and after three different forecrops (fodder beet, late potatoes, and broad (faba) bean). Weed infestation of wheat stands was evaluated in spring seasons of 2007 and 2008, always before the application of herbicides. Numbers of weed specimens and their species were defined by means of a calculation method. Recorded data were processed by means of multidimensional analyses of ecological data, viz. Data Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Redundancy Analysis (RDA). Within the study period, altogether 22 weed species were identified in all variants with different tillage technologies and different forecrops. In the MT variant, the degree of winter wheat stand infestation with weeds was lower. As far as the forecrops were concerned, the most and the least intensive degrees of infestation were recorded on plots with faba bean and late potatoes, respectively.

scholarly journals The weed seed bank assessment in two soil depths under various mineral fertilising

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Hunková ◽  
Jan Winkler ◽  
Eva Demjanová
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
The Impact

The field trial at the experimental station of Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra - Kolíňany (Slovak Republic, maize growing region, Haplic Luvisol and Stagni-Haplic Luvisol) in 1997 year was established. Experiments were based on 14 ha area (424 x 432.2 m) by long strips method. The impact of different mineral fertilisers on six model crops was observed: winter wheat, spring barley, sunflower, winter oilseed rape, maize and sugar beet. Weed infestation of winter wheat, spring barley, maize and sugar beet as well as weed seed bank composition since 2000 year till 2002 year were detected. Three variants of mineral fertilisation were applied: variant 1 – without fertilisers, variant 2 – N-P-K fertilisation, steady state soil nutrients balance, variant 3 – high doses of N-P-K fertilisers (positive soil nutrients balance). Soil weed seed bank was analysed once per year before crop germination (on February) from depths 0–0.05 m and 0.20–0.25 m in five replicates. From the depth 0–0.05 m 26 weed species were found, from the depth 0.20–0.25 m 23 weed species, from late spring group mainly. Chenopodium album, Stellaria media and Amaranthus spp. (77.57 % from intact seeds in total) were the most occurred weeds in both depths. The year, depth of soil sampling and fertilisation did not have statistically significant impact on weed seeds number in the soil.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Heterogeneity of Weed Infestation in Cereal Stands

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Jan Winkler ◽  
Vojtěch Lukas ◽  
Vladimír Smutný
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Targeted Intervention ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Village

The aim of this study was to evaluate the heterogeneity of the incidence of individual weed species on a selected experimental field. This field was situated in the cadastre of the village Žabčice (South Moravian Region, Czech Republic). To evaluate the intensity of weed infestation, a field experiment was established. In 2011, altogether 33 weed species were identified in a stand of spring barley. In the next year, the total number of weeds in a stand of winter wheat was 22. Basing on results of the evaluation of infestation heterogeneity it was possible to detect the following trends: The first one concerned the incidence of significantly dominant species Chenopodium album and Veronica hederifolia in stands of spring barley and winter wheat, respectively. The second one expressed the incidence of the so-called sub-dominant species. Regarding the character of the incidence of these weed species it would be suitable to kill them by means of a targeted application of herbicides. Finally, the third trend concerned the incidence of that group of weeds that occurred in the major part of the experimental plot but in low numbers only. The abundance of these species was minimal and the total number of weed plants did not exceed the limit of 100 specimens. This group of weeds involved also those species that were markedly more frequent on plots situated closer to the margin of the experimental field. The targeted application of herbicides can be performed on plots with a lower level of weed infestation; another possibility, however, seems to be a targeted intervention that helps to control the incidence of a certain weed species and/or that is performed along the margin of the field where the different weed species are more frequent.

scholarly journals Weediness and yield of winter wheat depending on the basic elements of farming system

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00144
Author(s):  
V. G. Kutilkin ◽  
S.N. Zudilin ◽  
S. N. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Fertilizer System

Through the period of 1977–2018, studies were conducted on three experimental fields of the Samara State Agricultural Academy with the purpose of studying the influence of the basic elements of the farming system on the weediness and the yield of winter wheat. Experimental schemes included the following options: the type of fallow in the crop rotation (black, seeded and green-manured), fertilizer systems (organic-mineral recommended, organic-mineral intensive and organic) and various methods and depths of soil tillage of fallow lands. Observations and surveys were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The soil of the plots was ordinary chernozem and typical medium-thick loamy chernozem (humus content was from 6.0 to 8.3 %, mobile phosphorus was from 90 to 155 mg/kg, exchange potassium was from 129 to 190 mg/kg, pHsalt was from 6.3 to 6.8). Replacing black fallow with seeded or green-manured fallow increased the weediness of crops 1.4–1.6 times and reduces the yield of winter wheat by 0.29–1.03 t/ha. Organic fertilizer systems significantly changed the weed species compositions and contributed to an increase in the number of perennials by a factor of 3.0, and their masses by a factor of 1.3–1.4 in comparison with organic-mineral fertilizer system. Organic-mineral fertilizer systems did not have a significant effect on the yield of winter wheat. The organic fertilizer system led to a slight (0.26–0.31 t/ha) grain shortage compared with organic-mineral. The methods and depths of soil tillage did not have a practically significant effect on the weediness and yield of winter wheat.

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