scholarly journals Biological value and morphological traits of pollen of selected garlic species Allium L.

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Żuraw
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Germination Of Pollen

This study was conducted in the years 1997-1999. From the collection of the UMCS Botanical Garden, nine species of garlic were selected (<i>A. aflatunense</i>, <i>A. atropurpureum</i>, <i>A. caeruleum</i>, <i>A. cernuum</i>, <i>A. ledebourianum</i>, <i>A. lineare</i>, <i>A. sphaerocephalon</i>, <i>A. victorialis</i>, <i>A. ursinum</i>) and one subspecies (<i>A. scorodoprasum</i> subsp. <i>jajlae</i>). Pollen grain viability was evaluated on microscopic slides stained with acetocarmine, germination ability on the agar medium and measurements of grains were made on glycerin jelly slides. The studied species were characterized by high pollen viability (87-99%) what indicates the great value of garlic flowers as a source of protein-rich feed for honey-bee and wild pollinating insects. Very low germination of pollen on the agar medium was recorded. The length of the equatorial longitudinal axis ranged from 24.3 µm to 37.5 µm and it allowed pollen of most garlic species to be classified as medium-sized grains and only the pollen of <i>A. caeruleum</i> and <i>A. cernuum</i> was included in the group of small-sized grains.

scholarly journals Nutritive for insects attractantsin Asphodelus albus Miller flowers

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Mirosława Chwil
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Polar Axis ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Transverse Axis ◽  
Single Flower

The studies on <i>Asphodelus albus</i> Miller flowers were conducted in the Botanical Garden of the UMCS in Lublin in the years 2004-2005. The flower nectaries location was determined in a stereoscopic microscope. The nectaring abundance was studied with a pipette method described by Jabłoński and Szklanowska (1979), while pollen efficiency determined after Warakomska`s ether method (1972). Pollen viability was computed in a sample of 400 grains after acetocarmine staining. The following measurements of pollen grains were made: the length of polar axis (P), equatorial longitudinal axis (EL) and equatorial transverse axis (ET). In <i>Asphodelus albus</i> flowers, there are three nectary glands located in the ovary septa whose outlets are situated in the upper part of the ovary. The nectar secretion starts in a dehiscing bud and persists until the withering stage of perianth leaves. Considering the size of monocolpate pollen grains of <i>Asphodelus albus</i>, they are ranked among great, whereas their shape assumed flattened and circular at the polar view. In the Poland climatic conditions, a pollen showed high vitality (98%). The <i>Asphodelus albus</i> plants constitute a valuable source of nutrition for the pollinators as a single flower generated on average 4,22 mg sugars and 0,2 mg of pollen grains.

scholarly journals Phacus multifacies sp. nov., a new Euglenophyceae from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil

Hoehnea ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Sandra Maria Alves-da-Silva ◽  
Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Full Turn

ABSTRACT As a result of the taxonomic survey of the pigmented Euglenophyceae of Lago da Ponte, an artificial pond located at the Porto Alegre Botanical Garden, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil and samples gathered later on from this same water body, a new species of Phacus (Euglenophyceae, Phacaceae), P. multifacies Alves-da-Silva & C. Bicudo, sp. nov., is here described and proposed as new to science. Cell displacement turning ventrally one full turn round itself and also rotating around its longitudinal axis and the presence of a dorsal wing-like expansion next to the caudal process are the main diagnostic features of the new species. Physical and chemical information on the pond water is presented.

scholarly journals PYRUS ZANGEZURA (ROSACEAE) AT SAINT PETERSBURG

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
K. G. Tkachenko ◽  
G. A. Firsov ◽  
L. F. Yandovka ◽  
A. V. Volchanskaya ◽  
N. E. Staroverov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative State ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
The Common

Pyrus zangezura Maleev (Rosaceae) is a rare species representing the native vegetation of Armenia (Southern Transcaucasus). It was first described in 1936. P. zangezura has been cultivated at the Peter the Great Botanical Garden of the Komarov Botanical Institute (St. Petersburg, Russia) since 1949, where it has reached the height of 8,0 m. For many years, it was in its vegetative state. The first flowering was observed in 2016 (the plant entered the reproductive state). The first progeny from seed was obtained in April 2019. Fruit size was assessed for P. zangezura plants in the dynamics of their development. The studied plants of P. zangezura in the environments of St. Petersburg have demonstrated a high fruiting potential – on average, 109 flowers per 1 m of a shoot. Observations have shown that not all ovules in the opened flowers of P. zangezura are fertilized and produce fruits and seeds. A significant part of the opened flowers, a few days after the onset of flowering, dry up and fall off. On average, 7 fruits are set on 1 m of the shoot in P. zangezura. The reasons for the low flower setting may be variable: impaired pollination processes and insufficient fertility of pollen, underdevelopment of the flower morphological structures, or lack of pollinating insects due to adverse weather conditions. An X-ray analysis of the seeds from the harvests of 2016, 2017 and 2018 showed that the number of plump and fully developed seeds (grades IV and V) in fruits has been growing year by year. As an ornamental plant, P. zangezura may adorn any botanical garden, but it is also promising for urban landscaping, for example, in St. Petersburg. Even in the vegetative state, its elongated lanceolate glossy leaves make it appreciably different from the common P. communis L., and it is especially ornamental during flowering and fruiting. It is as winter-hardy as the common pear-tree, demonstrates resistance to diseases and pests, and may be of importance for breeding programs aimed at the development of resistant cultivars for the Northwest of Russia.  

scholarly journals Abnormal Microspore Development Leads to Pollen Abortion in a Seedless Mutant of ‘Ougan’ Mandarin (Citrus suavissima Hort. ex Tanaka)

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Hu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Qigen Wen ◽  
Jie Wei ◽  
Hualin Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Mature Pollen ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Microspore Development ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Tetrad Stage ◽  
In The Wild

Seedlessness is of commercial importance in citrus (Citrus L.). Seedless ‘Ougan’ mandarin (C. suavissima) was selected from a bud sport mutation that occurred in ‘Ougan’ mandarin. We analyzed their pollen viability through KI-I2 and FDA staining, and examined the anthers of wild-type (seedy) and seedless mutant ‘Ougan’ mandarin using histological and cytochemical methods to characterize the process of pollen development. No pollen fertility was detected in this mutant. Pollen abortion in anthers of the mutant occurred at the tetrad stage of microspore development, and almost all the tetrads were abnormal. The mutant had heterogeneous microspore populations, including monads, dyads, triads, tetrads, and polyads in the same microsporangium. Pollen grain number per anther of the mutant was 21.9% less than the wild type. Morphology of mature pollen grains using SEM showed that the shape of mature pollen grains from both wild type and mutant is similar, but the microsporangia of the latter contained pollen grains of more variable sizes. At the early mature pollen grain stage, abundant starch grains and lipids appeared in the wild type's pollen, but fewer amounts were observed in the mutant. Moreover, the tapetal cells of the wild type accumulated lipids, but not those of the mutant. Results indicated that the abnormal development of the microspore led to pollen abortion in the mutant, and this could be the reason for its seedlessness. However, the genetic reasons for the aberrant tetrads are not clear and are under investigation.

scholarly journals Differences in stomatal and pollen grain dimensions and pollen viability between Paspalum rawitscheri populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e46
Author(s):  
Jéssica Mena Barreto De Freitas ◽  
Andrielle Wouters Kuhn ◽  
Viviane Dal-Souto Frescura ◽  
Liliana Essi ◽  
Solange Bosio Tedesco
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Pollen Grain Size ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Santa Maria

The objective of this study was to evaluate stomatal and pollen grain size and to estimate pollen viability of individuals from different populations of Paspalum rawitscheri (Parodi) Chase ex G.H. Rua Valls. To analyze stomatal size, slides were made of the adaxial leaf epidermis using the epidermal impression method. The height and width of 100 stomata per population were analyzed. Pollen was obtained from inflorescences to evaluate pollen grain size and pollen viability. Pollen grains were stained with 2% acetic orcein, 2% acetic carmine, or Alexander’s reactive stain. Per population, 1600 grains of pollen were observed for viability, and 50 grains of pollen were measured. There were significant differences between populations in stomatal height and pollen grain height and width. The populations also differed in pollen viability, with the Santa Maria population showing the lowest viability. The differences in stomatal and pollen grain size suggest genetic variability in the evaluated populations. Moreover, low pollen viability in one population indicates that its decline may be related to low fertility. Keywords: Grass. Ploidy. Fertility. Threatened species.

scholarly journals Cytology and Taxonomic Description of Two Brachiarias (Congograss and Tannergrass)

1969 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 390-400
Author(s):  
A. Sotomayor-Ríos ◽  
S. C. Schank ◽  
R. Woodbury
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Pollen Stainability ◽  
Reliable Test ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
Germination Of Pollen

The chromosome number and microsporogenesis of two plant introductions, Congograss (Brachiaria ruziziensis) and Tannergrass (Brachiaria sp.), were determined to evaluate the possibility of utilizing these two grasses in a breeding program. Two techniques of pollen germination were utilized as a means to study pollen viability. Although germination on artificial media was successful, the in vivo technique provided a more reliable test of viability. Germination of pollen was examined in vivo with percent tube formation scored under both selfing and crossing. Both Tannergrass and Congograss were described taxonomically. The chromosome numbers of Congograss and Tannergrass were found to be 2n = 18 and 2n = 36 respectively. From observations made at metaphase I, meiosis appeared normal in Congograss and no laggards were observed. In Tannergrass, lagging univalents were observed which could account for the low pollen stainability obtained. The pollen germination on artificial media and the in vivo techniques undoubtedly can be applied to other genera.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of marine strains of Stenotrophomona maltophilia with high chitinolytic activity

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Salas-Ovilla ◽  
Didiana Gálvez-López ◽  
Alfredo Vázquez-Ovando ◽  
Miguel Salvador-Figueroa ◽  
Raymundo Rosas-Quijano
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Chitinolytic Activity ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Dilution Assay

Chitin is the second most abundant organic compound in nature and represents a rich carbon and nitrogen source that is primarily transformed by bacterial communities. Bacteria capable of gradually hydrolyzing chitin into N-acetylglucosamine monomers can have applications in the transformation of residues from shrimp and other crustaceans. The objective of the present study was to isolate, characterize and identify microorganisms with high chitinolytic activity. These microorganisms were isolated and characterized based on macro- and microscopic morphological traits. Strains were selected on colloidal chitin agar medium primarily based on a hydrolysis halo larger than 2 mm and a growing phase no longer than 6 days. Secondary selection consisted of semi-quantitative evaluation of chitinolytic activity with a drop dilution assay. From the above, ten strains were selected. Then, strain-specific activity was evaluated. The B4 strain showed the highest specific activity, which was 6,677.07 U/mg protein. Molecular identification indicated that the isolated strains belong to the species Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

scholarly journals Pollen grain traits of oil species from the Novi Sad collection

Genetika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovanka Atlagic ◽  
Ana Marjanovic-Jeromela ◽  
Radovan Marinkovic ◽  
Sreten Terzic
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Pollen Grain Morphology ◽  
Specific Number

The collection of oil species in Novi Sad contains 12 species represented with 1-4 cultivars or landraces. In the continuous work on this collection in the sense of breeding of some of those species and their usage as a source of 'desirable genes' we analyzed pollen grain morphology (shape and size), as well as pollen viability. To determine mentioned pollen traits we used Axiovert 40C microscope together with a software package (AxioVision LE; Rel.4.3.) for measurement of pollen length and width. Pollen viability was determined using a staining method (ALEXANDER, 1969). The results showed that species differ by pollen grain shape (round, egg-shaped, triangular and rod) as well as by shape of exine (thick and spiky, thick to thin). In some species there was a specific number of apertures present (1-11). The size of viable pollen grains ranged from 29,10/12,58? (coriander) to 176,63/169,94? (oil gourd), while non-viable pollen grains were always smaller (27,27/10,97? to 119,62/100,86?) at the same plant species. Pollen viability of most species was around 80%. Lowest pollen viability was found in white flax (56,98%), and the highest in oil pumpkin (91,43%).

scholarly journals In vitro germination and viability of pea pollen grains after application of organic nano-fertilizers

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Georgieva ◽  
Ivelina Nikolova ◽  
Valentin Kosev ◽  
Yordanka Naydenova
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Pollen Tube Elongation

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of two organic nanofertilizers, Lithovit and Nagro, on in vitro germination, pollen tube elongation and pollen grain viability of Pisum sativum L cv. Pleven 4. The effect of their application was high and exceeded data for the untreated control (44.2 and 47.23 % regarding pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, respectively), as well as the effect of the control organic algal fertilizer Biofa (17.5 and 27.9 %, respectively). Pollen grains were inoculated in four culture media. A medium containing 15% sucrose and 1% agar had the most stimulating impact on pea pollen grains. Pollen viability, evaluated by staining with 1% carmine, was within limits of 74.72-87.97%. The highest viability of pollen grains was demonstrated after the application of Nagro organic nano-fertlizer.

scholarly journals Effects of storage temperature and duration on pollen grain viability and pollen-tube elongation in Chinese chinqapin (Castanea henryi Skan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Huan Xiong ◽  
Deyi Yuan ◽  
Zhi-Yu Deng ◽  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Feng Zou
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Pollen Tube Length

Chinese chinquapin [Castanea henryi (Skan) Rehder & E.H. Wilson] is used as a food and timber crop in southern China. Most chinquapin cultivars are self-incompatible and bloom at different times; consequently, artificial pollination is used to ensure fruit set and nut yield. Effective pollen storage that enables producers and breeders to use stored pollen for cross-pollination at a later date is important. In this study, the cultivar Changmangzi was used to estimate the viability and pollen tube length of pollen stored at room temperature, and at 4, −20, and −80°C using in vitro germination tests. It was observed that pollen grain germination significantly decreased at all four storage temperatures. Pollen viability was 14.4% after only 24 days of storage at room temperature. The germination rate was 13.3% after 90 days of storage at 4°C, and 14.5% after 180 days at −20°C. The initial germination rate of pollen stored at −80°C was 56.3% at the beginning of the test and decreased to 15.4% after 240 days. Pollen-tube length decreased with increased storage duration; mean pollen-tube lengths ranged from 109.44 to 257.51 μm. Based on these results, it is suggested that a storage temperature of −80°C for Changmangzi pollen is good.

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