scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen excess in the feeding of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. ) growing in conditions of various medium humiditv

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Edward Borowski ◽  
Zbyszek K. Blamowski ◽  
Janusz Wierciński
Keyword(s):  
Activity Index ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
N Dose ◽  
C Value ◽  
Nitrogen Excess

Reaction of 21 days old cucumber plants on high nitrogen supply during the growth in the conditions of 70% and 30% fwc sand humidity was studied in the phytotron. Obtained results showed that nitrogen in concentration 24 mmol·dm<sup>-3</sup> (9 mmol higher than in Hoagland's medium) increased WSD, g<sub>s</sub>, E, P<sub>n</sub>, as well as content of some monosaccharides (ribose, glucose, fructose), disaccharides (saccharose, trehalase), proline and trigoneline but fresh mass of plants, leaf area and c, value in cucumber plants decreased„ However the effect of higher N dose on chlorophyll content in leaves and its fluorescence parameters (F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub>, F<sub>v</sub>'/F<sub>m</sub>', ΦPSII, Q<sub>p</sub> i Q<sub>n</sub>) have not been noticed. Moreover, it has been shown that influence of supraoptimal N dose on the value of determined plant physiological activity index was considerably bigger in 30% than 70% sand humidity. The authors suggest that high concentration of nitrogen in medium evokes changes in metabolity of carbohydrates and nitrogen substances which lead to an osmoprotectans increase in plant cells. In this way plants are more resistant to an environmental stress effect.

Isolation of polypeptides with microtubule-translocating activity from phragmoplasts of tobacco BY-2 cells

1994 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 2249-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Asada ◽  
H. Shibaoka
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Gtpase Activity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Brain Tubulin

As part of our efforts to understand the molecular basis of the microtubule-associated motility that is involved in cytokinesis in higher plant cells, an attempt was made to identify proteins with the ability to translocate microtubules in an extract from isolated phragmoplasts. Homogenization of isolated phragmoplasts in a solution that contained MgATP, MgGTP and a high concentration of NaCl resulted in the release from phragmoplasts of factors with ATPase and GTPase activity that were stimulated by microtubules. A protein fraction with microtubule-dependent ATPase and GTPase activity caused minus-end-headed gliding of microtubules in the presence of ATP or GTP. Polypeptides with microtubule-translocating activity cosedimented with microtubules that had been assembled in vitro from brain tubulin and were dissociated from sedimented microtubules by addition of ATP or GTP. After cosedimentation and dissociation procedures, a 125 kDa polypeptide and a 120 kDa polypeptide were recovered in a fraction that supported minus-end-headed gliding of microtubules. The rate of microtubule gliding that was caused by the fraction that contained the 125 kDa and 120 kDa polypeptides as main components was 1.28 microns/minute in the presence of ATP and 0.50 microns/minute in the presence of GTP. This fraction contained some microtubule-associated polypeptides in addition to the 125 kDa and 120 kDa polypeptides, but a fraction that contained only these additional polypeptides did not cause any translocation of microtubules. Thus, it appeared that the 125 kDa and 120 kDa polypeptides were responsible for translocation of microtubules. These polypeptides with plus-end-directed motor activity may play an important role in formation of the cell plate and in the organization of the phragmoplast.

Does Elevated CO2 Affect the Physiology and Growth of Quercus Mongolica under Different Nitrogen Conditions?

2005 ◽  
Vol 277-279 ◽  
pp. 528-535
Author(s):  
Oh Hyun Kyung ◽  
Yeonsook Choung
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Quercus Mongolica ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

The response of Quercus mongolica, one of the major tree species in Northeast Asia and the most dominant deciduous tree in Korea, was studied in relation to elevated CO2 and the addition of nitrogen to soil in terms of its physiology and growth over two years. Plants were grown from seed at two CO2 conditions (ambient and 700 µL L-1) and with two levels of soil nitrogen supply (1.5 mM and 6.5 mM). Elevated CO2 was found to significantly enhance the photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency by 2.3-2.7 times and by 1.3-1.8 times, respectively. Over time within a growing season, there was a decreasing trend in the photosynthesis rate. However, the decrease was slower especially in two-year-old seedlings grown in elevated CO2 and high nitrogen conditions, suggesting that their physiological activity lasted relatively longer. Improved photosynthesis and water use efficiency as well as prolonged physiological activity under high CO2 condition resulted in an increase in biomass accumulation. That is, in elevated CO2, total biomass increased by 1.7 and 1.2 times, respectively, for one- and two-year-old seedlings with low nitrogen conditions, and by 1.8 and 2.6 times with high nitrogen conditions. This result indicates that the effect of CO2 on biomass is more marked in high nitrogen conditions. This, therefore, shows that the effect of CO2 is accelerated by the addition of nitrogen. With the increase in total biomass, the number of leaves and stem diameter increased significantly, and more biomass was allocated in roots, resulting in structural change. Overall, the elevated CO2 markedly stimulated the physiology and growth of Q. mongolica. This demonstrates that Q. mongolica is capable of exploiting an elevated CO2 environment. Therefore, it will remain a dominant species and continue to be a major CO2 sink in the future, even though other resources such as nitrogen can modify the CO2 effect.

Effects of probiotic bacteria on mucosal polyamines levels in dogs with IBD and colonic polyps: a preliminary study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rossi ◽  
M. Cerquetella ◽  
S. Scarpona ◽  
G. Pengo ◽  
K. Fettucciari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Spermine (SPM) and its precursor putrescine (PUT), regulated by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and diamino-oxidase (DAO), are polyamines required for cell growth and proliferation. Only a few studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory and tumour inhibitory properties of probiotics on mucosal polyamine levels. We investigated the effects of a high concentration multistrain probiotic for human use on colonic polyamine biosynthesis in dogs. Histological sections (inflammatory bowel disease, n=10; polyposis, n=5) were assessed after receiving 112 to 225×109 lyophilised bacteria daily for 60 days at baseline (T0) and 30 days after treatment end (T90). Histology scores, expression of PUT, SPM, ODC and DAO, and a clinical activity index (CIBDAI) were compared at T0 and T90. In polyps, cellular proliferation (Ki-67 expression), and apoptosis (caspase-3 protein expression) were also evaluated. After treatment, in inflammatory bowel disease significant decreases were observed for CIBDAI (P=0.006) and histology scores (P<0.001); PUT, SPM and ODC expression increased (P<0.01). In polyps, a significant decrease in polyamine levels, ODC activity, and Ki-67, and a significant increase in caspase-3 positivity and DAO expression (P=0.005) was noted. Our results suggest potential anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of the probiotic mixture in polyps and inflammation, associated with reduced mucosal infiltration and up-regulation of PUT, SPM, and ODC levels.

Identification and preliminary characterization of a 65 kDa higher-plant microtubule-associated protein

1993 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chang-Jie ◽  
S. Sonobe
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Microtubule Protein

Microtubules in plant cells, as in animal cells, are dynamic structures. However, our lack of knowledge about the constituents of microtubules in plant cells has prevented us from understanding the mechanisms that control microtubule dynamics. To characterize some of these constituents, a cytoplasmic extract was prepared from evacuolated protoplasts (miniprotoplasts) of tobacco BY-2 cells, and microtubules were assembled in the presence of taxol and disassembled by cold treatment in the presence of Ca2+ and a high concentration of NaCl. SDS-PAGE analysis of triple-cycled microtubule protein revealed the presence of 120 kDa, 110 kDa and a group of 60–65 kDa polypeptides in addition to tubulin. Since these polypeptides had copolymerized with tubulin, through the three cycles of assembly and disassembly, and they bundle microtubules, we tentatively identified the three polypeptides as microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). To characterize these factors further, triple-cycled microtubule protein was fractionated by Mono-Q anion-exchange chromatography and the microtubule-bundling activity of each fraction was examined. Fractions having microtubule-bundling activity contained only the 65 kDa MAP, an indication that the 65 kDa MAP is responsible for the bundling of microtubules. Purified 65 kDa MAP formed cross-bridge structures between adjacent microtubules in vitro. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in mice against the 65 kDa MAP. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the 65 kDa MAP colocalized with microtubules in BY-2 cells throughout the cell cycle. Western blotting analysis of extracts from several species of plants suggested that the 65 kDa MAP and/or related peptides are widely distributed in the plant kingdom.

scholarly journals Developing Countries Lag Behind the US and UK in Contributing to Institutional Repository Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Heather L Coates
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Institutional Repository ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
Prolific Authors

A Review of: Bhardwaj, R. K. (2014). Institutional repository literature: A bibliometric analysis. Science &Technology Libraries, 33(2), 185-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0194262X.2014.906018 Abstract Objective – Quantify the IR literature across the world by identifying countries with relatively high concentration of articles, describing the distribution of the literature by language, author (institutional and individual), journal, and examining characteristics such as the transformative activity index, and authorship and citation patterns. Design – This exploratory study of the literature used several bibliometric research methods to describe patterns and identify highly represented articles, authors, institutions, and journals. Setting – The Library and Information Science Abstracts database. Subjects – 436 articles from 118 journals. Methods – Research articles and review papers published through December 31, 2012, were identified by searching Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA). Citation data for the 436 articles selected was gathered from LISA and Scopus. Main Results – The 436 articles from 118 journals had publication dates from 2001 through 2012, originated from 68 countries in 19 languages, and had authors affiliated with 159 institutions. The greatest number of institutional repository articles were published in 2011 while year-to-year growth was greatest from 2005-2006. Most highly represented were the United States and the United Kingdom, followed by India, Australia, and Spain. Twenty publishers were responsible for nearly half of the selected articles. The top four journals included OCLC Systems & Services, D-Lib Magazine, Serials Review, and Library Hi Tech. D-Lib Magazine alone published seven of the top 20 most cited articles. While most articles were written by a single author, the majority of the multiple author articles came from developed countries. Citation analysis reveals that the 436 articles were cited 2,071 times, for an average of 4.8 citations per article. However, 147 articles received no citations. The five most prolific authors were Elizabeth Yakel, Kim Jihyun, Karen Markey, Jingfeng Xia, and Sarika Sawant. Conclusion – The author concludes that developing countries lag behind in establishing and publishing on institutional repositories and suggests that more authors will deposit in IR in the future. A proposed role for LIS professionals is to communicate the objectives, values, and principles behind institutional repositories.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Fine-Grained Uranium Tailings Reinforced by MICP

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Gui ◽  
Yu-xiang Pan ◽  
De-xin Ding ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Zhi-jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Sand Column ◽  
Sporosarcina Pasteurii ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Uranium Tailings

Sporosarcina Pasteurii was chosen for the experiment to study the effect and mechanism of fine-grained uranium tailings reinforced by MICP. The biochemical characteristics of strains and microbial immobilization in uranium tailings were analyzed. The results showed that the CaCO3 production rate is positively correlated with the physiological activity of Sporosarcina Pasteurii and the concentration of calcium sources, and the higher the solution concentration of CaCl2, the lower the discharge rate of bacterial liquid from the sand column, but high concentration of CaCl2 solution will affect the uniform distribution and migration of bacteria in the uranium tailings. After 16 days, the direct shear was used to test the reinforcement effects of fine-grained uranium tailings by MICP. The cohesive force and the internal friction angle of fine-grained uranium tailings were increased by 140.1% and 46.7%. The production amount of CaCO3 is 138.89 kg/m3. The results showed that the MICP-reinforced technology can effectively improve the shear strength of the uranium tailings, and the experiment provides a new method for the reinforcement of the fine-grained uranium tailings dam.

Mechanism of endothelin-1-(1—31)-induced calcium signaling in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (6) ◽  
pp. E1067-E1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Inui ◽  
Masanori Yoshizumi ◽  
Naoko Okishima ◽  
Hitoshi Houchi ◽  
Koichiro Tsuchiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Inositol Trisphosphate ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Human Coronary Artery

We have found that human chymase produces a 31-amino acid endothelin [ET-1-(1—31)] from the 38-amino acid precursor (Big ET-1). We examined the mechanism of synthetic ET-1-(1—31)-induced intracellular Ca2+ signaling in cultured human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. ET-1-(1—31) increased the intracellular free Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i) in a concentration-dependent manner (10−14-10−10M). This ET-1-(1—31)-induced [Ca2+]iincrease was not affected by phosphoramidon, Bowman-Birk inhibitor, and thiorphan. The ET-1-(1—31)-induced [Ca2+]iincrease was not influenced by removal of extracellular Ca2+ but was inhibited by thapsigargin. ET-1-(1—31) at 10−12 M did not cause Ca2+ influx, whereas 10−7 M ET-1-(1—31) evoked marked Ca2+ influx, which was inhibited by nifedipine. ET-1-(1—31) also increased inositol trisphosphate formation. These results suggest that the ET-1-(1—31)-induced [Ca2+]iincrease at relatively low concentrations is attributable to the release of Ca2+ from inositol trisphosphate-sensitive intracellular stores, whereas Ca2+ influx into the cells evoked by high concentration of ET-1-(1—31) probably occurs through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. We concluded that the physiological activity of ET-1-(1—31) may be attributable to Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores rather than influx of Ca2+ from extracellular space.

scholarly journals Udp-Glycosyltransferases of Plant Hormones

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Ostrowski ◽  
Anna Jakubowska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Genes Encoding

Summary UDP-glycosyltransferases (GTases, UGT) catalyze the transfer of the sugar moiety from the uridine-diphosphate-activated monosaccharide (e.g. uridine-diphosphate-5’-glucose, UDPG) molecule to the specific acceptor. Glycosides contain aglycons attached by a β-glycosidic bond to C1 of the saccharide moiety. Glycosylation is one of the mechanisms maintaining cellular homeostasis through the regulation of the level, biological activity, and subcellular distribution of the glycosylated compounds. The glycosides play various functions in plant cells, such as high-energy donors, or signalling molecules, and are involved in biosynthesis of cell walls. Plant cells exhibit structural and functional diversity of UGT proteins. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains more than 100 genes encoding GTases, which belong to 91 families, and are deposited in the CAZY (Carbohydrate Active enzyme) database (www. cazy.org/GlycosylTransferases.html). The largest UGT1 class is divided into 14 subfamilies (A-N), and includes proteins containing highly conserved 44-amino acid PSPG (Plant Secondary Product Glycosyltransferase) motif at the C-terminus. The PSPG motif is involved in the binding of UDP-sugar donors to the enzyme. UGT1’s catalyze the biosynthesis of both ester-type and ether-type conjugates of plant hormones (phytohormones). Conjugation of the phytohormones is an important mechanism that regulates the concentration of physiological active hormone levels during growth and development of plants. Glycoconjugation of phytohormones is widespread in the plant kingdom and all known phytohormones are able to form these conjugates. Most plant hormone conjugates do not indicate physiological activity, but rather are involved in transport, storage and degradation of the phytohormones. UDPG-dependent glycosyltransferases possess high substrate specificity, even within a given class of phytohormones. In many cases, the phenotype of plants is strongly affected by loss-of-function mutations in UGT genes. In this paper, advances in the isolation and characterization of glycosyltransferases of all plant hormones: auxin, brassinosteroids, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, jasmonates, and salicylate is described

scholarly journals The role of plant labile carbohydrates and nitrogen on wheat-aphid relations 

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Sadras ◽  
Carolina Vázquez ◽  
Elisa Garzo ◽  
Aránzazu Moreno ◽  
Sonia Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Experimental Setting ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Insect Fitness ◽  
Protein Rich

AbstractInteractions between plants and herbivores are key drivers of evolution and ecosystem complexity. We investigated the role of plant labile carbohydrates and nitrogen on wheat-aphid relations in a 22 factorial combining [CO2] and nitrogen supply. We measured life history traits (assay 1) and feeding behaviour (assay 2) of bird-cherry oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) and English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) forced to feed on single leaf laminae, and reproduction of R. padi in a setting where insects moved freely along the plant (assay 3). Experimental setting impacted aphid traits. Where aphids were constrained to single leaf, high nitrogen reduced their fitness and discouraged phloem feeding. Where aphids could move throughout the plant, high nitrogen enhanced their reproduction. Aphid responses to the interaction between nitrogen and [CO2] varied with experimental setting. The number of R. padi adults varied tenfold with plant growing conditions and correlated negatively with molar concentration of sugars in stem (assay 3). This finding has two implications. First, the common interpretation that high nitrogen favours insect fitness because protein-rich animal bodies have to build from nitrogen-poor plant food needs expanding to account for the conspicuous association between low nitrogen and high concentration of labile carbohydrates in plant, which can cause osmotic stress in aphids. Second, the function of labile carbohydrates buffering grain growth needs expanding to account for the osmotic role of carbohydrates in plant resistance to aphids.

scholarly journals Morfofisiologia de porta-enxerto de goiabeira irrigado com águas salinizadas sob doses de nitrogênio

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVANDRO MANOEL DA SILVA ◽  
REGINALDO GOMES NOBRE ◽  
LEANDRO DE PÁDUA SOUZA ◽  
RAILENE HÉRICA CARLOS ROCHA ARAÚJO ◽  
FRANCISCO WESLEY ALVES PINHEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
N Dose

The irrigation with saline water reduces crop growth and yield, resulting in the need of new techniques that enable the use of this natural resource in fruit growing. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of saline irrigation water associated with different nitrogen doses on guava rootstock cv. Paluma morphophysiology. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized blocks design, testing 5 electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1) and four nitrogen doses for fertilization (541.1; 773.0; 1004.9 and 1236.8 mg dm-3), in a 5x4 factorial, with four repetitions. The increase in the ECw from 0.3 dS m-1 negatively affected the morphophysiology of guava rootstock cv. Paluma, especially during the younger phase of the crop. The N dose of 541 mg dm-3 stimulated the increase of most morphophysiological variables in guava rootstock during the period studied. The nitrogen fertilization did not reduced the salt stress effect on the evaluated variables.

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