scholarly journals Effect of Botrytis cinerea infection and elicitation on ß-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activity in bean leaves and cell cultures

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kuźniak ◽  
Henryk Urbanek ◽  
Aneta Michalak ◽  
Katarzyna Herka
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Bean Leaves

The activity of ß-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in bean plants treated with <i>B. cinerea</i> products or/and infected and in cell cultures after application of fungal products has been studied. <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> infection and culture filtrates, ethanol precipitates, glucan and conidial extract treatment markedly enhanced the activity of both hydrolases. Cell cultures treated with <i>B.cinerea</i> products reacted similarly to intact plants. In plants pretreated with 2-day culture filtrate and conidial extract and then infected, ß-1,3-glucanase and chitinase were induced stronger than after infection without pretreatment.

scholarly journals Filamentous fungi isolated from grape marc as antagonists of Botrytis cinerea

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Jelena Jovicic-Petrovic ◽  
Ivana Stankovic ◽  
Aleksandra Bulajic ◽  
Branka Krstic ◽  
Dragan Kikovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Heat Sensitivity ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Culture Filtrates

In this paper we report on the isolation and identification of three filamentous fungi from grape marc, and antifungal effect of their cell-free culture filtrates on the growth of Botrytis cinerea, causal agent of gray mold. Grape marc is a waste material that has been used as soil amendment in sustainable agriculture. Isolates originating from grape marc were identified on the basis of morphological features and internal transcribed spacer rDNA or ?-tubulin gene sequencing. The presence of three different species, Penicillium paneum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus fumigatus has been detected expressing different effect on the growth of B. cinerea. The effect of crude culture filtrates of selected fungi on B. cinerea growth was tested. Heat sensitivity of the established inhibition effect was examined by autoclaving the crude culture filtrate prior to testing. Additional aim was to determine whether antifungal effect was influenced by previous exposure to B. cinerea in dual liquid cultures. Crude culture filtrate of A. fumigatus K16/2 showed the lowest suppression of B. cinerea growth. A maximal percentage inhibition achieved within the study was 38.2%, 39.8% and 23.8 for crude filtrates of P. paneum K7/1, P. chrysogenum K11/1 and A. fumigatus K16/2, respectively. Presence of B. cinerea in dual liquid culture induced significant increase in antifungal capacity of the culture filtrates in comparison to pure culture filtrates of the chosen isolates. The antifungal activity of all of the isolates? culture filtrates retained after heat treatment suggesting the presence of some thermostable antifungal metabolites. The results indicate the complexity and specificity of the interaction between filamentous fungi and B. cinerea. Grape marc is a good source for isolation od B. cinerea fungal antagonists and their antifungal metabolites. Specificity of fungal-fungal interactions suggests that further research on the antagonistic mechanisms and factors affecting them should be studied separately for each pair of antagonists.

Mycoparasitic species of Trichoderma produce lectins

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Neethling ◽  
Helena Nevalainen
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Haemagglutinating Activity

Culture filtrates and mycelial extracts of two mycoparasitic Trichoderma species were tested for the presence of lectins, by haemagglutination with human and marsupial erythrocytes. In Trichoderma viride, haemagglutinating activity was present in both mycelial extracts and culture filtrate. While secreted lectins were only detected after 6 days of growth, the presence of mycelium-associated lectins was first noted in 3-day-old cultures. Agglutinating activity was also demonstrated in the mycelium of 6-, 9- and 13-day-old cultures of Trichoderma harzianum. In this species, however, lectins were not secreted. In all instances, haemagglutination was inhibited by N-acetylgalactosamine and related sugars. This is the first report on the occurrence of lectins in Trichoderma spp.Key words: Trichoderma, lectins, mycoparasitism.

Extraction Efficiency Study—Examination of Three Procedures for Extracting 14C-Labeled and Unlabeled Residues of Organophosphorus Pesticides and Carbaryl from Bean Leaves and Kale

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall R Watts
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Rapid Extraction ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Bean Leaves

Abstract Two rapid extraction procedures which consist of sample blending with ethyl acetate or acetonitrile and an exhaustive Soxhlet extraction procedure using 10% methanol in chloroform were tested for efficiency of extraction of 14C-labeled residues of carbaryl, malathion, and phosphamidon on laboratory-grown and treated bean plants. The extraction procedures were also tested on field-treated kale containing 7–11 day old residues of azinphosmethyl, parathion, and malathion. The extraction efficiencies of the 3 procedures were in very close agreement for all residues in both studies. More than 90% of the 14C-containing residues were extracted from treated bean leaves. The extraction efficiencies for field-weathered residues on kale were judged to be essentially 100%, since several hours of additional Soxhlet extraction did not remove any more residue.

The variations in the antigenic composition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during the growth cycle as measured by the passive hemagglutination and precipitation reactions

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 681-688
Author(s):  
R. Turcotte
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Passive Hemagglutination ◽  
Antigenic Composition ◽  
Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Precipitation Reactions

The erythrocyte-sensitizing ability (ESA), as measured by the bis-diazotized-benzidine hemagglutination test, was determined for the extractable and culture filtrate antigens of three strains of mycobacteria (H37Rv, H37Ra, and BCG). The ESA of the precipitated and supernatant fractions obtained from these preparations by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, was found to vary according to the age of the cultures: the concentration of antigens decreased in the bacillary extracts and increased in the corresponding culture filtrates with the aging of the mycobacterial cultures.The variation in the antigenic composition of bacterial extracts and of culture filtrates during the growth cycle was also demonstrated by immunodiffusion techniques in agar gel. However, all extractable antigens of a given Mycobacterium did not appear in the culture filtrates.

Proteome and transcript analysis of Vitis vinifera cell cultures subjected to Botrytis cinerea infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Dadakova ◽  
M. Havelkova ◽  
B. Kurkova ◽  
I. Tlolkova ◽  
T. Kasparovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Transcript Analysis

Effect of intercellular washing fluids on the interactions between bean plants and fungi nonpathogenic on beans

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 934-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimin Li ◽  
Michèle C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Silica Deposition ◽  
Saprophytic Fungus ◽  
Plant Parasite ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Fungal Parasites ◽  
Bean Leaves

Intercellular washing fluids from various compatible plant–parasite interactions were tested for their ability to reduce silica deposition on plant walls and to increase haustorium production in bean leaves following inoculation with the normally incompatible cowpea rust fungus. Only fluids from bean, wheat, and sunflower plants infected with their respective compatible rust fungi exhibited such activity, and no fluid had any similar effect on the nonhost interaction between bean leaves and other rust fungi. Fluids from rusted bean leaves did not increase the intercellular growth of a saprophytic fungus or other fungal parasites nonpathogenic on beans, nor did they affect silica deposition induced by these fungi. These data suggest that some feature of silica induction in bean by the cowpea rust fungus is unique and is affected by components in the intercellular washing fluids from only certain rust-infected plants. Fluids from uninoculated healthy wheat or sunflower plants and a Driselase solution that induces haustoria in vitro all increased haustorium formation by the cowpea rust fungus, but to a lesser extent than fluids from infected plants; silica deposition was not affected in these cases, suggesting that fluids from uninoculated plants may promote haustorium formation rather than prevent silica deposition.

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