scholarly journals Reaction of some weed species to herbicides in sugar beet cultivation

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Domańska ◽  
L. Leska ◽  
Z. Łęgowiak ◽  
G. Maćkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Herbicide Activity

In the years 1975-1980, on the Experimental Farm Chylice fields of the Warsaw Agricultural University, herbicide activity was evaluated on commonly appearing weed species in sugar beet cultivation. The most frequent weeds were: <i>Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli, Polygonum convolvulus</i> and <i>Polygonum lapatifolium</i>. Preemergence use of chloridazon and furthermore postemergence use of phenmedipham were most effective in control. Metolachlor or bentiocarb mixed with metamitron and chloridazon were effective too. It was found that 70% control of <i>Chenopodium album</i> increased crops of sugar beets by about 25% on the basis of two years experiments (1979-1980), differing in quantity and periods of rainfall, a visible dependence of herbicide effectiveness on climatic conditions was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Uptake of more important mineral components by common field weeds on loess soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Malicki ◽  
Czesława Berbeciowa
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

We have determined the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn in winter wheat, spring barley, sugar beets and winter rape, as well as in the most common weed species infesting these crops. It was established that the percentage of mineral components in the dry matter of the majority of weeds is higher than in that of the cultivated plants. The most dangerous weed species competing with plants for the investigated nutrients were: <i>Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Polygonum convolvulus, Sonchus arvensis</i> and <i>Stellaria media</i>.

RESULT OF HERBICIDES APPLIED AGAINST OF WEEDS IN SOYBEAN FIELD

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
O Ariunaa ◽  
M Otgonsuren
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Couch Grass ◽  
Soybean Field ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Field Bindweed

Herbicides, if used properly, are safe and effective in controlling weeds in soybean. The choice of herbicide, however, depends on the predominant weed species and the availability of the herbicide. Chemical control is currently the most widely used control for soybean crops, due to its ease of control and to the small areas planted in Mongolia. In the soybean field the 15species of weeds belonging to 9 families, 12 genus including 62.5 % annual, 37.5%perennial weeds are distributed.The major grassy weeds; Common millet-(Panicummiliaceum L), Couch grass-(Agropyronrepens L), Bristlegrass-(Seteriaviridis L) sp and broadleaved weeds Redroot Pigweed-(Amaranthtusretro flexus),lambs guarters-(Chenopodium album), AristateGoosfoot-(Chenopodiumaristatum L), Black bindweed-(Polygonum convolvulus), Mallow weed-(Malvamochileviensis Down), Field bindweed-(Convolvulus arvensis), Bristhly thistle-(Cirsiumsetosum ), Dwarf bifurcate cinquefoil -(Potentillabifurca), Perennial Sowthisle-(Sonchusarvensis L) weeds have been distributed in the soybean field.In soybean field the Forward herbicide were applied in doses of 1.0-1.2l/ha have reduced the number of weeds by 90.1-91.6%, weight by 59.5-66.1% and super herbicide Gallantsuper applied in doses of 0.45-0.65l/ha have reduced the number of weeds by 91.0-95.0%, weight by 39.5-59.8% while Cobra herbicide applied in doses of 0.45-0.55l/ha used in broadleaved weed distributed field, have reduced the number of weeds by 90.2-94.6% and weight by 42.7-50.7%. The herbicide application increased of yield hectare by 3.6-9.0 center.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 76-79

scholarly journals The development of weeds sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) fields depending on the weeding method used

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Maria Jędruszczak
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weed Species

The process of weed development in a sugar beet field was followed under the climatic conditions of mideastern Poland in 1977. The sugar beet was cultivated on loess soil and weeded using two methods: mechanical and chemical (Pyramin 5 kg/ha just after sowing). The results of the study revealed a specific developmental rythm of the particular weed species on each of the weeded objects. The lise of the herbicide delayed the germination of weeds and limited their repeatability, eliminated sonic species from the weed community as well as delaying the start of generative development of some weeds. It also decreased the participation of the fruit and seed shedding phase of the weeds before harvest of the cultivated crop.

scholarly journals Competition and critical periods in spring sugar beet cultivation

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Mansilla Martínez ◽  
José-Arturo de Juan Valero ◽  
Alfonso Domínguez Padilla ◽  
María-Raquel Picornell Buendía
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
High Yields

AbstractHigh yields with low costs require that sugar beets be kept free of weeds, during critical periods, using labor or chemical treatments. Since the critical periods for this crop in Castilla - La Mancha (Spain) are unknown, the first goal of this study was to determine the effect of early and late competition on yield. The second goal was to determine the critical periods, while taking into consideration the semiarid climatic conditions of this region. Two irrigation farms located in the province of Albacete are dedicated to sugar beet cultivation. These two farms were chosen to carry out the tests March (140,000-150,000 seeds ∙ ha-1) and harvested in October. Two simultaneous and complementary experiments were carried out in each year and farm. Two scenarios were considered with eight different treatments each. In the first one (With Weeds Until - WWU), plots were infested by weeds up to a certain date. In the second one (Free of Weeds Until - FWU), plots were kept free of weeds up to a certain date. For each test, a randomised experimental blocked field was designed and there were four repetitions, each of them containing eight elemental plots (12 m2). Each plot was weeded by hand or weeds were left to grow till a definite date.The results indicated that a 1% loss of yield was reached in the early competition after 14 days, while a loss of 5% was reached after a period of 41 days after it was infested. The results also indicated that in late competition, if a crop is kept clean for 124 days and it is infested afterwards, a 1% loss is reached. However, the loss increases to 5% if the plot is kept clean for 111 days. For a 1% loss the critical period is 110 days and 70 days for a 5% loss.

Influence of Temperature on Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Pyrazon in Sugar Beets

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ephraim Koren ◽  
Floyd M. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
Minor Metabolite ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Autoradiographic studies showed that regardless of whether 5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone (pyrazon) was applied to the leaves or to the roots of sugar beet (Beta vulgarisL.) plants, it moved in the apoplastic system. The pattern of pyrazon distribution from root absorption in sugar beet seedlings was identical at either 35 or 18.3 C. However, root absorption at 35 C was twice as great as at 18.3 C; and translocation of pyrazon into the shoot was more rapid at the high temperature. A major metabolite of pyrazon, a pyrazon-glucose conjugate, was produced in leaves and cotyledons but not in roots of sugar beets. A minor metabolite, less than 5%, was found in sugar beet leaves. Pyrazon was not metabolized by the susceptible species common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.). The rate of pyrazon-glucose conjugate formation in pyrazon-infiltrated sugar beet leaf discs was practically identical at 35 and 18.3 C. Therefore, it was concluded that the increased susceptibility of sugar beets to pyrazon at higher temperatures was due to an increase in absorption and translocation of the herbicide at higher temperatures which was not accompanied by a parallel increase in the conversion of pyrazon to its glucose conjugate.

scholarly journals Variation in weed infestation of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) depending on the intensity of chemical protection of plantations

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Domaradzki ◽  
Katarzyna Marczewska-Kolasa ◽  
Marcin Bortniak
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Floristic Variation ◽  
Polygonum Persicaria ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Lower Silesia ◽  
Made In

A floristic study was conducted over the period 2010–2012, using the Braun-Blanquet method, under which vegetation relevés were made in sugar beet (<em>Beta</em><em> vulgaris </em>L. subsp. <em>vulgaris</em>) plantations in Lower Silesia. Fields with similar habitat conditions, which differed in the intensity of herbicide application to control weed infestation, were selected for observation. A total of 144 relevés were made and based on them a list was prepared of species found in fields in which different levels of chemical protection were used. A cover index and a constancy class were determined for each species found in the phytocoenoses studied. On the basis of these observations, the study found floristic  variation in the investigated agrophytocenoses as af- fected by the level of intensity of weed control chemicals used. In  herbicide-untreated plots, a total of 25 weed species were found and their aggregate cover index was 8705. <em>Chenopodium album </em>L.<em>, Polygonum persicaria </em>L. and <em>Setaria pumila </em>(POIR.) ROEM. &amp; SCHULT by far dominated among them. Herbicide use caused an impoverishment in the floristic list. 20 taxa were observed in the plots treated with the lowest herbicide rates, while with increasing rates the number of species dropped to 18. The sum of the cover indices also decreased with increasing rates, successively reaching the values of 5907, 5212 and 4356.

Absorption and Translocation of Pyrazon by Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Frank ◽  
C. M. Switzer
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Sugar Beet Plant ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Pyrazon (5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone) was absorbed by the roots of both common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) and sugar beets (Beta vulgarisL.) and translocated in an acropetal direction to all parts of the plant. Common lambsquarters plants accumulated greater amounts of3H-pyrazon per gram of tissue than did sugar beet plants and this was especially true of leaf tissues. Translocation into the leaves of both species occurred equally into mature and developing leaves. Neither basipetal nor acropetal translocation of pyrazon occurred following leaf applications of3H-pyrazon. Pyrazon accumulated in the leaves of common lambsquarters, but it was metabolized when absorbed into sugar beets. Roots, petioles, and leaf blades of beets rapidly metabolized pyrazon while only roots metabolized pyrazon in common lambsquarters. Selectivity of pyrazon appeared to be associated with the rate of metabolic breakdown occurring in the leaf. Accumulations occurred in the susceptible common lambsquarters plant while metabolism kept pace with uptake in the leaves of the tolerant sugar beet plant.

scholarly journals Changes in weed infestations on plantations of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) cultivated on black soil near Wrocław in 1989–1995 and 2006–2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Domaradzki ◽  
Anna Jezierska-Domaradzka
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Frequent Species

<p>Field studies were carried out in 1989–1995 and 2006–2012 on plantations of sugar beet (<em>Beta vulgaris</em> L. subsp. <em>vulgaris</em>). During this period, 542 phytosociological relevés were made using the Braun-Blanquet method. In total, 46 weed species were found. In 1989–1995, the occurrence of 36 segetal species was reported. The highest cover indices were determined for <em>Chenopodium album</em> and <em>Amaranthus retroflexus</em>. <em>Galium aparine</em>, <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>, and <em>Elymus repens</em> were the dominant species, as well. Analysis of the frequency of occurrence revealed one constant species (<em>Chenopodium album</em>), two frequent species (<em>Amaranthus retroflexus</em> and <em>Galium aparine</em>), and two medium-frequent species (<em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em> and <em>Matricaria maritima</em> ssp. <em>inodora</em>).</p><p>In 2006–2012, the occurrence of 40 weed species on the sugar beet plantations was recorded. The plantations were clearly dominated by <em>Chenopodium album</em>, accompanied by <em>Polygonum persicaria</em> and <em>Polygonum lapathifolium</em> ssp. <em>lapathifolium</em>. Other dominant species comprised <em>Setaria viridis</em>, <em>Galinsoga parviflora</em>, <em>Brassica napus</em> ssp. <em>napus</em>, and <em>Fallopia convolvulus</em>. The <em>Chenopodium album</em> was a constant component of the sugar beet plantations. In turn, no frequent species were observed and six medium-frequent species were found (<em>Setaria viridis</em>, <em>Galinsoga parviflora</em>, <em>Brassica napus</em> ssp. <em>napus</em>, <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>, <em>Amaranthus retroflexus</em>, and <em>Capsella bursa-pastoris</em>).</p><p>Noteworthy, the presence of previously unreported species, e.g., <em>Abutilon theophrasti</em>, <em>Hyoscyamus niger</em>, or <em>Artemisia vulgaris</em>, was revealed. These species are rare components in sugar beet crops. A reverse phenomenon, i.e., the disappearance of some species such as <em>Euphorbia helioscopia</em>, <em>Malva neglecta</em>, <em>Rumex acetosella</em>, <em>Sinapis arvensis</em>, or <em>Sisymbrium officinale</em>, was also observed.</p>

scholarly journals „Flax specialists”-weed species extinct in Poland?

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Heller
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Fibre Flax ◽  
The Past ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Made In

„Flax specialists”-weed species extinct in Poland? The results of a research on segetal weed communities in fibre flax in Poland are presented, with respect to different regions of cultivation, and changes in the level of infestation during the past forty years. Observations on composition and abundance of weed infestations were made in fields in six experimental farms at the Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants. The observations conducted in the period 1967-2008 did not show the occurrence of weed species from the group of so-called "flax specialists": Lolium remotum Schrank, Spergula arvensis L. subsp. maxima (Weiche) O. Schwarz, Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. and Cuscuta epilinum Weihe Ex Boenn. In Poland, weed populations in fibre flax consist of species typical for cereals and root crops: Chenopodium album L., Polygonum convolvulus L., Viola arvensis Murr., Stellaria media Vill., Lamium amplexicaule L., Thlaspi arvense L., Elymus repens (L.) Gould, and Polygonum nodosum Pers.

Efficacy of foramsulfuron + thiencarbazone-methyl towards different development stages of weed species in sugar beet cultivation

2016 ◽  
pp. 436-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Jasper Wendt ◽  
Martin Wegener ◽  
Erwin Ladewig ◽  
Bernward Märländer
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Cotyledon Stage

The currently available weed control system in sugar beet cultivation has low flexibility due to the necessity of applications at the cotyledon stage of the weeds. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a new herbicide providing more flexibility in terms of application time. In 2013 and 2014, efficacy of an ALS-inhibiting herbicide (foramsulfuron + thiencarbazone-methyl) was evaluated in six field trials in Germany. Sugar beet varieties not sensitive to ALS-inhibiting herbicides are currently in the breeding process. The herbicide was tested on five weed species in different development stages (later than cotyledon stage). In the trials, only weeds but no sugar beet were sown. The herbicide was applied with three dosages at five development stages of the weeds. Efficacy towards Brassica napusL. and Galium aparineL. was nearly 100%. Efficacy towards Chenopodium albumL., Matricaria chamomillaL. and Polygonum convolvulusL. was reduced due to unfavorable weather conditions and with decreasing dosages and increasing development stages. Efficacy was lowest in case of Chenopodium album being close to 95% at BBCH 14 and 16 with 0.50L/ha and 1.00L/ha, respectively. It was thus concluded that the herbicide can be applied later than at cotyledon stage. This implies more flexibility of application timing than current herbicides. To develop a comprehensive evaluation of the weed control system, further studies regarding selectivity, duration of efficacy and resistance risks are necessary.

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