scholarly journals Gojenie się ran w pędach wiśni odm. Minister Podbielski [Wound healing in twigs of sour cherry cv. Minister Podbielski]

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Golisz
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Primary Callus ◽  
Parenchyma Cells

Studies were carried out on anatomical changes in sour cherry twigs after pruning. Changes in the surface of wounds begin by the filling of cells and vessels with gum substances. At the same time drying and splitting of tissues was observed. Healing of the wounds starts from the layer of parenchyma cells from which callus develops. At the end of the growing season spring-made wounds were healed with a thick layer of callus tissue, while healing of summer-made wounds was hastened shortly after formation of the primary callus layer.

Early modifications of the internodal anatomy of Glycine max sprayed with 2,4-DB

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1340-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thompson Demetrio Pizzolato ◽  
David L. Regehr
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Enlargement ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Cortical Parenchyma ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Radial Cell ◽  
Orderly Fashion ◽  
Stimulation Of

An aqueous spray of 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB) induces anatomical changes in young Glycine internodes. Four days after spraying, the first symptoms appear outside the cambium when the interfascicular parenchyma cells and the adjacent cortical parenchyma cells enlarge and divide in several planes. Four days later, the metaphloem parenchyma cells in many of the leaf traces undergo considerable periclinal cell division and extensive radial cell enlargement. The phloem parenchyma cells of the late metaphloem and first secondary phloem enlarge and divide in a less orderly fashion. Fifteen days after treatment, the cortical parenchyma is modified into a band of radially seriate cells above the protophloem fibers. Products of this cambium-like region convert the cortex into a callus-like tissue. The size of starch grains is reduced initially in the phloem and xylem and later in the cortex. It appears that the stimuli produced by 2,4-DB move into the internode via the metaphloem of leaf traces. Despite the rapid obliteration of conducting phloem by the 2,4-DB induced stimulation of phloem parenchyma, an accelerated differentiation of secondary phloem compensates for this loss.

scholarly journals Overwintering Diseased Plant Parts and Newly Infected Flowers and Fruit as Sources of Inoculum for Colletotrichum acutatum in Sour Cherry

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 1207-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Stensvand ◽  
Jorunn Børve ◽  
Venche Talgø
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Diseased Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Southern Norway

Production of inoculum of Colletotrichum acutatum from both previously infected and overwintered tissue, as well as newly developed plant tissue of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus), was studied in southern Norway. Plant parts were sampled from commercial, private, or research orchards, and incubated for 2 to 14 days (time depended on tissue type) in saturated air at 20°C. In early spring, abundant sporulation was found on scales of overwintered buds and shoots. A mean of 35% infected buds in four cultivars was observed, with a maximum of 72% of the buds infected in one of the samples. Over 3 years, the seasonal production of overwintered fruit and peduncles of cv. Fanal infected the previous year was investigated. In all three years, the infected plant material was placed in the trees throughout the winter and the following growing season; in two of the years, fruit and peduncles were also placed on the ground in the autumn or the following spring. Old fruit and peduncles formed conidia throughout the season, with a peak in May and June. Spore numbers declined over the season, but the decline was more rapid for plant material on the ground than in the trees. On average over 2 years, 68.7, 24.0, or 7.3% of the inoculum came from fruit placed in the trees, placed on the ground in spring, or placed on the ground the preceding autumn, respectively. The number of fruit and peduncles attached to the trees in a planting of cv. Hardangerkirsebær was followed from February to July one year, and although there was a decline over time, fruit and/or their peduncles were still attached in substantial numbers in July, thus illustrating their potential as sources of inoculum. In observations over 2 years in a heavily infected orchard of cv. Stevnsbær, 75 and 47% of flowers and newly emerged fruit, respectively, were infected. Artificially inoculated flowers and fruit produced conidia until harvest, with a peak in mid-July. It may be concluded that previously infected and overwintered, as well as newly emerged tissue of sour cherry, may serve as sources of inoculum of C. acutatum throughout the growing season.

scholarly journals Wound Healing in Cucumber Fruit

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Walter ◽  
Betsy Randall-Schadel ◽  
William E. Schadel
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Cucumber Fruit ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Sudan Iv ◽  
Wound Tissue

Wound healing in cucumber fruit (Cucumis sativus L., cv. Calypso) was studied using histological and degradative techniques. A thick exudate appeared at the wounded surface shortly after wounding. This material retarded water loss and possibly aided in the formation of sclerified parenchyma observed 24 hours after wounding. The sclerified material was positive to a modified Weisner stain, indicating lignification was occurring. Wound periderm (cork) was initiated directly beneath the sclerified parenchyma cells within 48 hours after wounding. The cork layers were positive to Sudan IV stain, indicating suberin was being formed. The rate of phellem development decreased by 6 days after wounding. By day 7, younger phellem cells and sclerified parenchyma cells were stained by Sudan IV. Degradation of the wound tissue by chemical procedures demonstrated that relatively large amounts of lignin and suberin were deposited during healing. Fragments from the lignin degradation Indicated that lignin was composed mainly of gualacyl and p-hydroxyphenyl residues. Suberin was found to contain mainly 1,16-hexadecane and 1,18-osctadecene decarboxylic acids detected as the silylated diol derivatives.

Histopathology of canker development on peach trees after inoculation with Cytospora leucostoma

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2804-2813 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wisniewski ◽  
A. Linn Bogle ◽  
C. L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Canker Development ◽  
Barrier Zone

Anatomical changes in response to wounding or wounding plus inoculation with C. leucostoma were monitored over an 11-month period. Distinct bands of gum ducts in the xylem formed a barrier zone in all samples. Necrophylactic periderm (NP) formed at a faster rate in noninoculated samples. NP in inoculated samples was poorly delimited and weakly suberized in the callus tissue. Within 4 weeks after wounding, barriers in bark and xylem of inoculated samples were penetrated by wedges of mycelia. Callus in inoculated samples differentiated slowly compared with callus development in control wounds and multiple attempts to limit infection were ineffective. The effectiveness and value of a strong gumming response in reaction to Cytospora are discussed.

Wavy Grain in Grewia Tiliifolia Vahl

IAWA Journal ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
K. V. Bhat ◽  
K.M. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Healing Tissue ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Tangential Surface

Wavy grain in Grewia tiliifolia is found to be associated with patches of abnormal parenchymatous (callus) tissue. Insect injury is evidenced to induce the formation of such wound healing tissue which is overgrown subsequently. This tissue causes deviation of grain around it. Its surface irregularities lead to the formation of grooves and ridges on the tangential surface. During recovery of normal wood structure in successive layers some abnormalities in the morphology of rays are observed. These are found to be the transitional stages which ultimately give rise to normal rays.

scholarly journals Anatomical alterations in taro corms with "metsubure" symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-702
Author(s):  
Francisco HF Pereira ◽  
Mário Puiatti ◽  
Renata MSA Meira ◽  
Paulo CR Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Tissue Cells

Taro plants present high Ca absorption. There is evidence that the disorder "metsubure" is of nutritional origin being attributed to calcium deficiency. The metsubure is characterized by the corm apical bud suppression and a smooth lesion in the apex. This disorder reduces the taro corms value as food and hinders their utilization as a propagative material in commercial fields. In subterranean structures, Ca deficiency is believed to be more harmful to the vascular tissue cells since they have thicker walls than other tissue cells. Thus, this work aimed to characterize the anatomical changes in taro corms (Colocasia esculenta), cv. Chinese (BGH 5928) with "metsubure" symptoms. For this, corms with and without this symptom were obtained from plants grown in a greenhouse, in pots, containing soil. Corms presenting "metsubure" showed anatomical changes with damage in the vascular system which led to the suppression of apical bud formation, with detection of a wound periderm. In these corms, the periderm was thicker with compact and suberized cell layers; moreover parenchyma cells were larger with less starch accumulation as compared to corms without "metsubure" symptoms.

Cell wall protuberances in the resin-pocket callus of Pinus nigra

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Donaldson ◽  
A. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Primary Wall ◽  
Light Microscope Level ◽  
Fibrillar Material ◽  
Resin Pocket ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Resin Pockets

Cell wall protuberances are found on the outer surface of parenchyma cells in callus tissue lining resin pockets in the wood of Pinus nigra Arn. The protuberances occur in a variety of forms ranging from bumps to distinctly stalked structures. They have a distinctive internal structure consisting of areas of fibrillar material of various densities and textures. The adjacent middle lamella often appears to be continuous with regions within the protuberance. No direct connection between the primary wall and the protuberance is observed, although staining at the light-microscope level indicates a similarity between areas of the protuberance and the primary wall. Protuberances are found only on parenchyma cells which have not developed secondary walls.

Ultrastructure of callus tissue of Zea mays

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy W. Johnson ◽  
David J. Holden
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Large Vacuole ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Corn Inbred ◽  
Nodal Tissue ◽  
Parenchyma Tissue

Corn coleoptile nodal tissue was used to study the callusing of corn inbred and hybrid varieties. A comparison of callus cells and coleoptile parenchyma cells was made with electron micrographs. The callus cells resembled meristematic cells in having more ribosomes, and had a greater number of mitochondria and plastids than nodal parenchyma cells. There was a high incidence of lomasome-like bodies in both types of cells. The callus cells were characterized by having small vacuoles scattered throughout the cell, whereas the nodal parenchyma tissue was composed of cells with mostly a single large vacuole surrounded by a thin parietal cytoplasm.

scholarly journals The impact of natural and artificial weathering on the anatomy of selected tropical hardwoods

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Mamoňová ◽  
Ladislav Reinprecht
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Artificial Weathering ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Dipteryx Odorata ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The effect of natural and artificial weathering on the anatomy of seven tropical hardwoods: Bangkirai (Shorea obtusa Wall.), Cumaru (Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Wild.), Cumaru Rosa (Dipteryx magnifica (Ducke) Ducke), Ipé (Tabebuia serratifolia Nichols.), Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.), Kusia (Nauclea diderrichii Merill) and Massaranduba (Manilkara bidentata A. Chev.), was studied. As a result of weathering some characteristic anatomical changes occurred: the weakening of connections between cell elements related to the degradation of the middle lamella; micro-cracks in cell walls; total degradation of parenchyma cells in xylem rays, or significant thinning of parenchyma cell walls and their extreme shrinkage; micro-cracks in the vicinity of xylem rays; significant transversal disruptions in libriform fibres; ablation of pit membranes in vessels and parenchyma cells; changes in the secondary wall of libriform fibres, for example, their defibrillation and weathering-degradation of the S1 layer; and spherical formations on the S3 layer of cell walls produced from condensing compounds of degraded lignin and hemicelluloses as well as thermo-mechanical wrinkling. The highest incidence of micro-cracks after both modes of weathering was found in the densest species; Cumaru, Ipé, and Massaranduba.

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