scholarly journals The influence of mountain temperate forests on the hydrology in northeast China

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Wei ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhou ◽  
Chuankuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Forest Hydrology ◽  
Surface Flows ◽  
Mongolian Oak

Presented is a review of results from long-term hydrological studies at the Mao-Er-Shan ecological station in northeast China. In comparison to harvested watersheds in northeast China, unlogged temperate forests reduced peak discharge and surface flows at all observed watershed scales (2m2 to > 10 000 ha). However, no consistent patterns on low flows and annual mean flows were observed. The reason for the inconsistency is unclear and may be due to the utilization of different methodologies applied at the various spatial scales. We also found that stemflow is an important mechanism for Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch) to adapt to nutrient-poor and dry soils. These results are important for developing forest management strategies and reforestation programs in northeast China. Key words: Temperate forest, hydrology, stemflow, interception, streamflow, evapotranspiration

scholarly journals Nachhaltiges Holzproduktionspotenzial im Schweizer Wald

2011 ◽  
Vol 162 (9) ◽  
pp. 300-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Rotation Periods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harvesting Costs

Potential of sustainable wood production in Swiss forests In the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI), the data collected in the three inventories (NFI1 1983–1985, NFI2 1993–1995, NFI3 2004–2006) provide the basis not only for analysing the present state of the forest and how it has developed up to now, but also for assessing, with the help of models, how it might develop in future. The scenario model «Massimo 3», developed at the Swiss Federal Institut for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, is an empirical and stochastic simulation model. It relies on data from the NFI and forecasts the development of the forest according to how it is managed. Six scenarios with different management regimes were defined according to the economic, silvicultural and ecological aspects considered. In three scenarios the growing stock is kept constant at the level of NFI3, but different management strategies are used (Scenario A: basis [business as usual], Scenario E: even-aged forests are transformed into uneven-aged forests, and Scenario F: near-natural percentages of conifers are promoted). In two scenarios forest management is partially abandoned for either ecological reasons (Scenario B: reservations, 10% of the forest area is left unmanaged) or for economic reasons (Scenario C: harvesting costs, 40% of the forest area is left unmanaged). Scenario D (rotation periods are shortened) was used to study the effects of augmenting the annual harvesting amount. A forecasting time period of 100 years was selected to assess the long-term effects of the scenarios. Scenarios A, D, and E show that the sustainable harvesting potential of merchantable wood lies in a relatively narrow range of 7.1 to 7.3 million m3/year, even though in Scenario D the growing stock is reduced from 360 m3/ha to 305 m3/ha. In Scenario F regeneration is systematically established with near-natural percentages of conifers, the long-term harvesting potential is slightly less: about 6.5 million m3/year of merchantable wood. If forest management is abandoned for economic reasons on as much as 40% of the forest area (Scenario C, harvesting costs), the impact on the wood reserves is very negative.

Evaluation of forest management strategies based on Triad zoning

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (01) ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Ward ◽  
Thom Erdle
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Timing Offset ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Selling Point ◽  
Forecast Time

Triad forest management was analyzed for a New Brunswick Crown License. Fifteen forest value indicators were used to describe social, economic, and environmental outcomes from forecast Triad scenarios, including 36 scenarios where reserves and intensively managed area varied in 5% increments from 10% to 35%. Some indicators were most sensitive to intensive area (e.g., silviculture cost), other to reserve area (e.g., area containing large snags), and still others to extensive area (e.g., average harvest levels). Some indicators averaged arithmetically, and could be kept constant if increases in reserves were accompanied by equal increases in intensive area. Such averaging for timber supply is often a selling point made by Triad advocates. Indeed, many different scenarios generated the same annual harvest when averaged over the 100-year forecast time horizon; however, immediate reductions in operable timber inventory resulting from reserve increases caused short-term harvest reductions, while future gains in yield from intensive area increases caused long-term harvest increases. This timing offset between losses and gains of operable volume, and its effect on harvest timing, may be impediments to Triad implementation in jurisdictions where timber supply is fully utilized. This analysis presents methods and results that may be of value to forest managers contemplating implementation of Triad zoning.

scholarly journals If the trees burn, is the forest lost? Past dynamics in temperate forests help inform management strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1794) ◽  
pp. 20190115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Iglesias ◽  
Cathy Whitlock
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Positive Feedbacks

Forest dynamics are driven by top-down changes in climate and bottom-up positive (destabilizing) and negative (stabilizing) biophysical feedbacks involving disturbance and biotic interactions. When positive feedbacks prevail, the resulting self-propagating changes can potentially shift the system into a new state, even in the absence of climate change. Conversely, negative feedbacks help maintain a dynamic equilibrium that allows communities to recover their pre-disturbance characteristics. We examine palaeoenvironmental records from temperate forests to assess the nature of long-term stability and regime shifts under a broader range of environmental forcings than can be observed at present. Forest histories from northwestern USA, Patagonia, Tasmania and New Zealand show long-term trajectories that were governed by (i) the biophysical template, (ii) characteristics of climate and disturbance, (iii) historical legacies that condition the ecological capacity to respond to subsequent disturbances, and (iv) thresholds that act as irreversible barriers. Attention only to current forest conditions overlooks the significance of history in creating path dependency, the importance of individual extreme events, and the inherent feedbacks that force an ecosystem into reorganization. A long-time perspective on ecological resilience helps guide conservation strategies that focus on environmental preservation as well as identify vulnerable species and ecosystems to future climate change. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions’.

Long‐term seed bank dynamics in a temperate forest under conversion from coppice‐with‐standards to high forest management

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Calster ◽  
Richard Chevalier ◽  
Bram Wyngene ◽  
Frédéric Archaux ◽  
Kris Verheyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics ◽  
Coppice With Standards

scholarly journals Conserving Refugia: What Are We Protecting and Why?

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Maurizio Rossetto ◽  
Robert Kooyman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Refugia play an important role in contributing to the conservation of species and communities by buffering environmental conditions over time. As large natural landscapes worldwide are declining and are increasingly threatened by extreme events, critical decision-making in biological conservation depends on improved understanding of what is being protected by refugia and why. We provide three novel definitions for refugia (i.e., persistent, future, and temporary) that incorporate ecological and evolutionary dynamics into a land management decision framework and are applicable across changing temporal and spatial settings. Definitions are supported by identification, core value, and management strategy criteria to assist short- and long-term decision-making. We illustrate these concepts using the World Heritage Gondwana Rainforests (WHGR) of eastern Australia, briefly exploring the spatial and temporal factors that can inform the development of conservation management strategies following the extreme fire events of 2019–2020. For the WHGR, available knowledge can be used to protect critical assets by recognizing and implementing buffer zones and corridor connections, and by undertaking emergency translocations of target species into safe areas that will act as future refugia. More broadly, we suggest that the identification and protection of ecological and evolutionary processes across varying temporal and spatial scales is central to securing improved biodiversity conservation outcomes.

Forest management strategies that account for short-term and long-term consequences

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Old Trees

This paper presents a method to calculate the long-term effects of forest management decisions for an age-structured forest. The calculation of such effects is required to assess the sustainability and indeed the rationality of forest harvesting strategies. The primary focus of this paper is the issue of "falldown", i.e., the decrease in timber available for harvesting due to lack of large old trees. The largest net discounted economic returns are obtained by rapid harvesting (mining) of old growth. However, in the longer term the consequences of a decrease in harvest volume on local communities can be devastating. How can this conflict between short-term and long-term interests be reconciled? I consider a variety of strategies that vary in their sensitivity to the effects of falldown, and I present some pilot calculations that illustrate a method to weigh the consequences of following these strategies.

scholarly journals Divergent Responses of Foliar N:P Stoichiometry During Different Seasons to Nitrogen Deposition in an Old-Growth Temperate Forest, Northeast China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxing Yang ◽  
Hongrui Mao ◽  
Guangze Jin
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
N:P Stoichiometry ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Conifer Tree

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has rapidly increased during the last few decades; however, the seasonal responses of leaf N:P stoichiometry to N deposition remain unclear. In 2008, a simulated N deposition experiment (0, 30, 60, and 120 kg·N·ha−1·yr−1) was conducted in an old-growth temperate forest in Northeast China. In 2014, the leaves of 17 woody species and soil were sampled in spring, summer, and autumn in each treatment, and N:P stoichiometry was assessed. Community N and P in summer were significantly lower than that in spring and autumn. Unlike broadleaved species, conifers showed no significant variation among the three seasons. N addition significantly enhanced community N and soil available P but decreased soil total P in summer and autumn, and decreased community P, as well as the P concentration of three life forms (conifer, tree, and shrub), in autumn. Our results emphasize the importance of multiple sampling across seasons in temperate forests. Arguing against the traditional consensus, the productivity of the old-growth temperate forests is limited by both N and P.

Long-term impacts of three forest management strategies on herpetofauna abundance in the Missouri Ozarks

2017 ◽  
Vol 387 ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Rota ◽  
Alexander J. Wolf ◽  
Rochelle B. Renken ◽  
Robert A. Gitzen ◽  
Debby K. Fantz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Management Strategies

Connecting Crop Nutrient Use Efficiency to Future Soil Productivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Fernando García ◽  
Andrés Grasso ◽  
María González Sanjuan ◽  
Adrián Correndo ◽  
Fernando Salvagiotti
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Use Efficiency

Trends over the past 25 years indicate that Argentina’s growth in its grain crop productivity has largely been supported by the depletion of the extensive fertility of its Pampean soils. Long-term research provides insight into sustainable nutrient management strategies ready for wide-scale adoption.

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