scholarly journals Lodgepole Pine and White Spruce Crown Fuel Weights Predicted from Diameter at Breast Height

1990 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen F. Johnson ◽  
Paul M. Woodard ◽  
Stephen J. Titus
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Allometric Model ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
New Information ◽  
Diameter Classes ◽  
Prairie Provinces

Regression equations that predict the foliage and roundwood biomass by diameter classes: 0.0-0.5 cm, 0.5-1.0 cm, 1.0-3.0 cm, 3.0-5.0 cm, 5.0-7.0 cm and 7.0-10.0 cm given diameter at breast height (dbh) were developed for lodgepole pine and white spruce. Common to the Prairie Provinces the allometric model y = adbhb fit the data well for all component categories except the roundwood classes >3.0 cm. The r2 values generally exceed.80 and SEE were small. The larger size classes are best predicted by multiplying the number of trees affected by a constant. The management value of this new information is significant when viewed from an ecologic perspective.

Lodgepole pine and white spruce crown fuel weights predicted from height and crown width

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen F. Johnson ◽  
Paul M. Woodard ◽  
Stephen J. Titus
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Allometric Model ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Diameter Classes

Equations were developed to predict the ovendry weight of the total crown, live crown, foliage, and the roundwood diameter classes of <0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–3.0, 3.0–5.0, 5.0–7.0, 7.0–10.0 cm for lodgepole pine (n = 27) and white spruce (n = 23) occurring in Alberta, Canada. The nonlinear allometric model using total tree height and a measure of crown width provided high R2 and low SEE values. This precision could not be duplicated when total tree height was used as the only independent variable. Our results suggest the possibility of using tree height and crown width measured from aerial photographs to estimate standing live and dead fuel loadings in undisturbed forest stands.

Allometric equations for crown fuel biomass of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) in Greece

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 642 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Mitsopoulos ◽  
A. P. Dimitrakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Average Load

Allometric equations for the estimation of crown fuel weight of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) trees in the Mediterranean Basin were developed. Forty trees were destructively sampled and their crown fuels were weighed separately for each fuel category. Crown fuel components, both living and dead, were separated into size classes and regression equations that estimate crown fuel load by diameter class were derived. The allometric equation y = axb with diameter at breast height as the single predictor was chosen, because the addition of other parameters did not decrease the residual sum of squares significantly. The adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj) values were high (R2adj = 0.82–0.88) in all cases. Diameter at breast height was the most significant determinant of crown fuel biomass. The aerial fuels that are consumed during crown fires (i.e. needles and twigs with diameter less than 0.63 cm) comprised 29.3% of the total crown weight. Live fuels constituted ~96.3% of total crown biomass, distributed as follows: needles 16.7% (average load 12.07 kg), branches with 0.0–0.63-cm diameter 12.6% (average load 9.18 kg), 0.64–2.5-cm diameter 37.3% (27.99 kg), 2.51–7.5-cm diameter 25.4% (18.59 kg), and >7.5-cm diameter 3.7% (2.65 kg). The equations provide quantitative fuel biomass attributes for use in crown fire behaviour models, fire management and carbon assessment in Aleppo pine stands.

Sample size and variability of fuel weight estimates in natural stands of lodgepole pine

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles P. Delisle ◽  
Paul M. Woodard ◽  
Stephen J. Titus ◽  
Allen F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
New Information ◽  
Equilateral Triangles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Diameter Classes

This study assessed the variability of sample estimates for downed and dead woody fuel weight in natural lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) stands using line-intersect sampling procedures. Equilateral triangles (30 m/side) were established at each of 40 sample sites with variable length transects on each side to estimate fuel weights by diameter class. Regardless of the number of sides measured, the standard error for fuels less than 7.0 cm was at most 20% of the mean. Even measuring only one side of the triangle, using a single transect instead of the triangular sample unit, still achieved standard errors less than 20% of the mean. Standard errors for classes greater than 7.0 cm were all greater than 20% of the mean. For these classes, more samples are required to achieve the 20% standard error limit; however, depending on costs, the triangular sample unit may not be the best solution. In this study, intracluster correlations were above 0.7 for the fuel diameter classes greater than 7.0 cm, suggesting that multiple transects at a given sample location contribute little new information. This effect, although less pronounced, was also observed with the smaller diameter classes.

Forest understory plants as predictors of lodgepole pine and white spruce site quality in west-central Alberta

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1675-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L Strong ◽  
D. J. Pluth ◽  
G. H. La Roi ◽  
I. G. W. Corns
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Understory Species ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Species Cover

The feasibility was explored of using cover estimates of a few understory species with high indicator value, rather than total species lists, to evaluate site quality for lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Loudon var. latifolia Engelm.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss). Analysis of 112 vascular and 7 nonvascular understory plant species from 211 lodgepole pine and white spruce dominated forests revealed that 39 and 30 of these species had significantly different percent cover among site-index classes for stem-analyzed pine and spruce, respectively. Individual species cover values were then used in simple and multiple linear regression equations to predict the site index (at 70 years) for pine and spruce in 60–90 year and 91–160 year stand age subsets. Equations for pine based on understory species cover explained 38% of the variance in site index in younger stands and 59% in older stands; comparable maxima for spruce were 42% in younger stands and 50% in older stands. These percentages may be too low for stand-alone predictions of site index. Several possible sources of error may cause the low explained variance, including crude field estimates and seasonal variations of cover. Many of these potential sources of error could be minimized, allowing better prediction of forest site quality.

Patterns of balsam fir mortality caused by an uncontrolled spruce budworm outbreak

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1087-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Donald P. Ostaff
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Site Characteristics

Tree mortality caused by spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.)) defoliation was assessed annually from 1976 to 1985 in 20 mature balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) stands on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, and was related to defoliation and to tree, stand, and site characteristics. Ten to 12 years after the start of the budworm outbreak, fir mortality averaged 87% of the merchantable volume (range 60–100%) among the stands. Timing of mortality was similar to that found in studies of previous outbreaks. In the first 4 years of the outbreak, virtually all the trees that died had more than 90% cumulative defoliation but, overall, 64, 21, and 14% of the dead trees had cumulative defoliation >90, 76 to 90, and 51 to 75%, respectively. Early in the outbreak, fir mortality was generally negatively correlated with tree vigor, relative crown position, or diameter at breast height, but in later years, trees were killed irrespective of these factors. Fir mortality was evenly distributed among different sized trees, and 73 to 86% of the trees in each 5 cm diameter at breast height class died. A linear regression equation between dead fir volume and total fir volume explained 89% of the variability in mortality among stands. Percent fir mortality was correlated (r = 0.84) with visual estimates of cumulative defoliation (including all age-classes of foliage) in 1981, but mortality was not correlated with cumulative current annual defoliation or with site characteristics. Using regression equations, fir mortality during this budworm outbreak was predicted to within ±6 m2/ha in 14 of 18 (78%) of the stands, with a relative accuracy of 17.7%.

scholarly journals Allometric relations between biomass and diameter at breast height and height of tree in natural forests at Me Linh Station for Biodiversity, Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Huong Dang ◽  
Huu Thu Do ◽  
Minh Quang Trinh ◽  
Hung Manh Nguyen ◽  
Thi Tuyet Xuan Bui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Study Results

Stem diameter at breast height (D1.3m) and tree height (H) are commonly used measures of tree growth. Based on correlation analysis between biomass of stem, branches and leaves and stem diameter and height of tree we can identify allometric equation for predicting biomass and carbon sequestration of the vegetation. This study was carried out in the natural forests of Me Linh Station for biodiversity to develop allometric equation between biomass and diameter at breast height and height of tree. The study results indicated that twenty tree species dominate in natural forests in Me Linh Station for Biodiversity and they were selected for sampling. Through the 80 established linear equation models for above and below –ground biomass (AGB and BGB), we found that the biomass of tree species in Me Linh Station for Biodiversity were closely correlated with the diameter factor (R>0.902) and not clearly correlated with the height (correlation coefficient = 0.5498, R2< 0.549). Four regression equations were established, including: Pstem = 25.3051*(D1.3m)0.4627 (R2 : 9.661); Pbranch = 12.1043*(D1.3m)0.5416 (R2 : 9.8); Pleaves = 9.446*(D1.3m)0.5976 (R2 : 0.9363); P total biomass of forest = 25.882*D1.725 with R2: 0.8561) for estimating biomass and carbon sequestration of natural forest at the research site. Đường kính ngang ngực (D1.3m) và chiều cao (H) cây là hai nhân tố thường được dùng để đánh giá sự phát triển của cây gỗ. Việc xây dựng các phương trình tương quan giữa sinh khối (SK) thân, cành, lá, sinh khối tầng cây gỗ, sinh khối của quần xã thực vật với đường kính và chiều cao cây góp phần rất lớn trong dự báo sinh khối và khả năng hấp thụ khí carbon của thảm thực vật. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy 20 loài cây gỗ chiếm ưu thế trong rừng tự nhiên và chúng được chọn để thu mẫu. Mối tương quan giữa sinh khối với 2 nhân tố điều tra rừng là đường kính ngang ngực và chiều cao cây đã đươc kiểm tra thông qua 80 phương trình tương quan. Nhìn chung, sinh khối có tương quan chặt chẽ với nhân tố đường kính (hệ số tương quan R > 0,902), và không tương quan rõ với nhân tố chiều cao (R < 0,5498). Bốn phương trình tính sinh khối cho thảm rừng tại khu vực nghiên cứu đã được thiết lập: SKthân = 25,3051*(D1,3m)0,4627 (R2: 9,661); SKcành: 12,1043*(D1,3m)0,5416 (R2: 9,8); SKlá: 9,446*(D1,3m)0,5976 (R2: 0,9363) và SKtổng = 25,882*D1,725 with R2: 0,8561).

Individual tree biomass estimation equations for plantation-grown white spruce in northern Minnesota

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Harding ◽  
D. F. Grigal
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Estimation Equations

Prediction equations for biomass of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) were developed for 115 sample trees using the allometric models Y = ADB and Y = ADBHC, where Y is mass, D is diameter at breast height, and H is total height. The addition of height to the model reduced the Sy•x for all estimates except that for biomass of branches and needles. Comparison of results to other estimation equations developed in eastern Canada showed that biomass estimates were variable. Variations in stand structure and age between natural and plantation-grown trees are possible reasons for these differences.

The effect of Armillaria root disease on lodgepole pine tree growth

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
K I Mallett ◽  
WJA Volney
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Volume Increment

Growth of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) trees infected with Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink growing in disease centres were compared with the growth of uninfected trees from two stands in west-central Alberta. Sample trees were measured (height, diameter at breast height, and height to live crown) and disks removed for stem analysis. The standing wood volumes inside disease centres of the two sites were 54 and 15% of the volume in surrounding stands. There were no significant differences in height or diameter at breast height between infected and uninfected trees. Expected growth rates determined by stem analysis revealed, however, that there were conservative losses of 43% in annual volume increment, 32% in specific volume increment, and 23% in height increment. The pattern of stem growth of infected individuals was that typically found in open-grown trees, in marked contrast to the pattern found in uninfected trees growing outside the disease centre. Tree growth chronologies suggested that disease centres were present early in the stands' development as trees grew rapidly before they became infected; however, the characteristic open-grown pattern of trees found in disease centres did not change after they became infected.

Growth of white spruce following release from aspen competition: 35 year results

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Volume Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Periodic Growth

Release of white spruce from aspen competition improved spruce diameter at breast height (dbh), height and volume growth in the 35-year period following aspen removal. Overall, release improved spruce periodic growth by 41% in diameter, 38% in height and 82% in volume over the control for sample trees ranging from 5 to 65 years of age.Responses varied with site and age classes. Improved periodic dbh and height growth occurred in trees released throughout three age classes on good sites and in trees released at 26 to 45 years of age on medium sites.

Biomass and nutrient equations for mature Betulapapyrifera Marsh.

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Jokela ◽  
Colleen Ann Shannon ◽  
Edwin H. White
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Tree Component ◽  
Aboveground Tree Biomass

Biomass and nutrient accumulation by tree components for 66-year-old mature paper birch is presented. Logarithmic regression equations are given relating aboveground tree component biomass and contents of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg to tree diameter at breast height (dbh). Branches, bole bark, and bole wood accounted for 90–97% of the total aboveground tree biomass. Highest concentrations of most nutrients were in the foliage. For the tree of mean basal area (dbh = 15 cm), the crown components of branches and foliage constituted only 16% of the biomass but accounted for 49, 57, 53, 37, and 44%, respectively, of the N, P, K, Ca, and Mg accumulated.

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