Allometric equations for crown fuel biomass of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) in Greece

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 642 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Mitsopoulos ◽  
A. P. Dimitrakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Average Load

Allometric equations for the estimation of crown fuel weight of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) trees in the Mediterranean Basin were developed. Forty trees were destructively sampled and their crown fuels were weighed separately for each fuel category. Crown fuel components, both living and dead, were separated into size classes and regression equations that estimate crown fuel load by diameter class were derived. The allometric equation y = axb with diameter at breast height as the single predictor was chosen, because the addition of other parameters did not decrease the residual sum of squares significantly. The adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj) values were high (R2adj = 0.82–0.88) in all cases. Diameter at breast height was the most significant determinant of crown fuel biomass. The aerial fuels that are consumed during crown fires (i.e. needles and twigs with diameter less than 0.63 cm) comprised 29.3% of the total crown weight. Live fuels constituted ~96.3% of total crown biomass, distributed as follows: needles 16.7% (average load 12.07 kg), branches with 0.0–0.63-cm diameter 12.6% (average load 9.18 kg), 0.64–2.5-cm diameter 37.3% (27.99 kg), 2.51–7.5-cm diameter 25.4% (18.59 kg), and >7.5-cm diameter 3.7% (2.65 kg). The equations provide quantitative fuel biomass attributes for use in crown fire behaviour models, fire management and carbon assessment in Aleppo pine stands.

scholarly journals Allometric Equations for Estimating Aboveground Biomass of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake in East Nusa Tenggara

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
R Sadono ◽  
◽  
W Wahyu ◽  
F Idris
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height

Understanding the essential contribution of eucalyptus plantation for industry development and climate change mitigation requires the accurate quantification of aboveground biomass at the individual tree species level. However, the direct measurement of aboveground biomass by destructive method is high cost and time consuming. Therefore, developing allometric equations is necessary to facilitate this effort. This study was designed to construct the specific allometric models for estimating aboveground biomass of Eucalyptus urophylla in East Nusa Tenggara. Forty two sample trees were utilized to develop allometric equations using regression analysis. Several parameters were selected as predictor variables, i.e. diameter at breast height (D), quadrat diameter at breast height combined with tree height (D2H), as well as D and H separately. Results showed that the mean aboveground biomass of E. urophylla was 143.9 ± 19.44 kg tree-1. The highest biomass were noted in stem (80.06%), followed by bark (11.89%), branch (4.69%), and foliage (3.36%). The relative contribution of stem to total aboveground biomass improved with the increasing of diameter class while the opposite trend was recorded in bark, branch, and foliage. The equation lnŶ = lna + b lnD was best and reliable for estimating the aboveground biomass of E. urophylla since it provided the highest accurate estimation (91.3%) and more practical than other models. Referring to these findings, this study concluded the use of allometric equation was reliable to support more efficient forest mensuration in E. urophylla plantation.

scholarly journals Allometric relations between biomass and diameter at breast height and height of tree in natural forests at Me Linh Station for Biodiversity, Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Huong Dang ◽  
Huu Thu Do ◽  
Minh Quang Trinh ◽  
Hung Manh Nguyen ◽  
Thi Tuyet Xuan Bui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Study Results

Stem diameter at breast height (D1.3m) and tree height (H) are commonly used measures of tree growth. Based on correlation analysis between biomass of stem, branches and leaves and stem diameter and height of tree we can identify allometric equation for predicting biomass and carbon sequestration of the vegetation. This study was carried out in the natural forests of Me Linh Station for biodiversity to develop allometric equation between biomass and diameter at breast height and height of tree. The study results indicated that twenty tree species dominate in natural forests in Me Linh Station for Biodiversity and they were selected for sampling. Through the 80 established linear equation models for above and below –ground biomass (AGB and BGB), we found that the biomass of tree species in Me Linh Station for Biodiversity were closely correlated with the diameter factor (R>0.902) and not clearly correlated with the height (correlation coefficient = 0.5498, R2< 0.549). Four regression equations were established, including: Pstem = 25.3051*(D1.3m)0.4627 (R2 : 9.661); Pbranch = 12.1043*(D1.3m)0.5416 (R2 : 9.8); Pleaves = 9.446*(D1.3m)0.5976 (R2 : 0.9363); P total biomass of forest = 25.882*D1.725 with R2: 0.8561) for estimating biomass and carbon sequestration of natural forest at the research site. Đường kính ngang ngực (D1.3m) và chiều cao (H) cây là hai nhân tố thường được dùng để đánh giá sự phát triển của cây gỗ. Việc xây dựng các phương trình tương quan giữa sinh khối (SK) thân, cành, lá, sinh khối tầng cây gỗ, sinh khối của quần xã thực vật với đường kính và chiều cao cây góp phần rất lớn trong dự báo sinh khối và khả năng hấp thụ khí carbon của thảm thực vật. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy 20 loài cây gỗ chiếm ưu thế trong rừng tự nhiên và chúng được chọn để thu mẫu. Mối tương quan giữa sinh khối với 2 nhân tố điều tra rừng là đường kính ngang ngực và chiều cao cây đã đươc kiểm tra thông qua 80 phương trình tương quan. Nhìn chung, sinh khối có tương quan chặt chẽ với nhân tố đường kính (hệ số tương quan R > 0,902), và không tương quan rõ với nhân tố chiều cao (R < 0,5498). Bốn phương trình tính sinh khối cho thảm rừng tại khu vực nghiên cứu đã được thiết lập: SKthân = 25,3051*(D1,3m)0,4627 (R2: 9,661); SKcành: 12,1043*(D1,3m)0,5416 (R2: 9,8); SKlá: 9,446*(D1,3m)0,5976 (R2: 0,9363) và SKtổng = 25,882*D1,725 with R2: 0,8561).

scholarly journals Unexplained Relationships of Height-Diameter of Three Tree Species in a Tropical Forest.

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-204
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Tree Distance ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Bivariate Models

Associations between bivariate variables relative to the unexplained relationships of height-Dbh (diameter at breast height) models were investigated. Seven permanent sample plots measuring 40m by 250m at Omo Forest Reserve were used to assess the relationships between height and diameter at breast height of three tree species as affected by the variables of neighbouring trees. The result showed differences in the coefficient of determination of the bivariate models and multivariate models. The models arrived at for each of the species and for the bivariate models are: Scottelia coriaceae: Ht = 2.59 + 0.473D+ 0.0012D2 for 5cm ≤ D ≤100cm (R2 = 0.70) Sterculia rhinopetala: Ht = 5.96 + 0.467D+ 0.00296D2 for 5cm ≤ D ≤100cm (R2 = 0.77) Strombosia pustulata: Ht = 2.02 + 0.722D+ 0.00581D2 for 5cm ≤ D ≤ 60cm (R2 = 0.81) Where both Ht and D are height and Diameter at breast height. While on the other hand the multivariate models that considered the effect of neighbouring trees are: Scottelia coriaceae: 2 1 2 3 4 Ht = 3.74 + 0.41x −1.14x + 0.205x +1.278x (R = 0.723) Sterculia rhnopetala: 2 1 2 3 4 Ht = 6.18 + 0.2601x +1.163x + 0.438x − 0.442x (R = 0.608) Strombosia pustalata: 2 1 2 3 4 Ht = 6.84 + 0.399x − 0.318x − 0.138x − 0.838x (R = 0.650) x1 = diameter at breast height, x2 = Mean neighbouring tree distance, x3 = Frequency of the neighbouring tree and x4 = Position of the crown.

scholarly journals The accuracy of species-specific allometric equations for estimating aboveground biomass in tropical moist montane forests: case study of Albizia grandibracteata and Trichilia dregeana

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damena Edae Daba ◽  
Teshome Soromessa
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Moist Forest ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background Application of allometric equations for quantifying forests aboveground biomass is a crucial step related to efforts of climate change mitigation. Generalized allometric equations have been applied for estimating biomass and carbon storage of forests. However, adopting a generalized allometric equation to estimate the biomass of different forests generates uncertainty due to environmental variation. Therefore, formulating species-specific allometric equations is important to accurately quantify the biomass. Montane moist forest ecosystem comprises high forest type which is mainly found in the southwestern part of Ethiopia. Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve is categorized into Afromontane Rainforest vegetation types in this ecosystem. This study was aimed to formulate species-specific allometric equations for Albizia grandibracteata Tuab. and Trichilia dregeana Sond. using the semi-destructive method. Results Allometric equations in form of power models were developed for each tree species by evaluating the statistical relationships of total aboveground biomass (TAGB) and dendrometric variables. TAGB was regressed against diameter at breast height (D), total height (H), and wood density (ρ) individually and in a combination. The allometric equations were selected based on model performance statistics. Equations with the higher coefficient of determination (adj.R2), lower residual standard error (RSE), and low Akaike information criterion (AIC) values were found best fitted. Relationships between TAGB and predictive variables were found statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001) for all selected equations. Higher bias was reported related to the application of pan-tropical or generalized allometric equations. Conclusions Formulating species-specific allometric equations is found important for accurate tree biomass estimation and quantifying the carbon stock. The developed biomass regression models can be applied as a species-specific equation to the montane moist forest ecosystem of southwestern Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Allometric equation for aboveground biomass estimation in moist Afromontane forest in Gesha and Sayilem district in Kaffa zone, southwestern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Admassu Merti ◽  
Teshome Soromessa ◽  
Tura Bareke
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Afromontane Forest ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background: Allometric equations which are regressions linking the biomass to some independent variables are used to estimate tree components from the forest. The generic equation developed by many authors may not adequately reveal the tree biomass in a specific region in tropics including in Ethiopia. Therefore, the use of species specific allometric equations is important to achieve higher levels of accuracy because trees of different species may differ. The objective of the study was to develop species-specific allometric equations for Apodytes dimidiata, Ilex mitis, Sapium ellipticum and shrubs (Galiniera saxifraga and Vernonia auriculifera) using semi-destructive method for estimating the aboveground biomass (AGB). For purpose of sampling trees, individual species were categorized into trees whose Diameter at breast height (DBH) is ≥ 5 cm.Results: All the necessary biomass calculations were done, and biomass equations were developed for each species. The regression equations relate AGB with DBH, height (H), and density (ρ) were computed and the models were tested for accuracy based on observed data. The best model was selected based higher adj R2 and lower residual standard error and Akaike information criterion than rejected models. The relations for all selected models are significant (p<0.000), which showed strong correlation AGB with selected dendrometric variables. Accordingly, the AGB was strongly correlated with DBH and was not significantly correlated with wood density and height individually in Ilex mitis. In combination, AGB was strongly correlated with DBH, height; DBH and wood density; are better for carbon assessment than general equations.Conclusions: The specific allometeric equation developed for the Gesha-Sayilem Afromontane Forest which can be used in similar moist forests in Ethiopia for the implementation of Reduced Emission from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) activities to benefit the local communities from carbon trade.

scholarly journals Use Basal Diameter to Establish Mixed Species Allometric Equations Predicting Woody Stand Biomass in the Sudano-guinea Savannahs of Ngaoundere, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mamadou Laminou Mal Amadou ◽  
Halilou Ahmadou ◽  
Ahmadou Ibrahim ◽  
Tchindebe Alexandre ◽  
Massai Tchima Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Ground Biomass

Little information on allometric relationships for estimating stand biomass in the savannah of Cameroon was available. Allometric relationships for estimating stand biomass were investigated in the sudano-guinea savannah of Ngaoundere, Cameroon. A total of 90 individual woody from sixteen (16) contrasting plant species belonging shrubs and trees were harvested in Dang savannah across a range of diameter classes, from 3 to 35 cm. Basal diameter (D), total height (H) and tree density were determined and considered as predictor variables, while total above-ground biomass, stem, branch and leaf biomass were the output variables of the allometric models. Among many models tested, the best ones were chosen according to the coefficient of determination adjusted (R2adj), the residual standard error (RSE) and the Akaike Information Criteria. The main results showed that the integration of tree height and density with basal diameter improved in the degree of fitness of the allometric equations. The fit allometric stand biomass model for leaf, branch, stem and above ground biomass were the following forms: Ln(LB) = -5.08 + 2.75*Ln(D) – 0.30*Ln(D2Hρ); Ln(BB) = -7.81 + 1.29*Ln(D2H) – 0.39*Ln(ρ); Ln(SB) = -5.08 + 2.40*Ln(D) +0.50*Ln(H) and Ln(TB) = -5.07 + 3.21*Ln(D) – 0.12*Ln(D2Hρ) respectively. It is concluded that the use of tree height and density in the allometric equation can be improved for these species, as far as the present study area is concerned. Therefore, for estimating the biomass of shrubs and small trees, the use of basal diameter as an independent variable in the allometric equation with a power equation would be recommended in the Sudano-guinea savannahs of Ngaoundere, Cameroon. The paper describes details of shrub biomass allometry, which is important in carbon stock and savannah management for the environmental protection.

scholarly journals Allometric equations for estimating biomass of community forest tree species in Madiun, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandu Wirabuana ◽  
RAHMANTA SETIAHADI ◽  
RONGGO SADONO ◽  
MARTIN LUKITO ◽  
DJOKO SETYO MARTONO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Forest Tree Species ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height

Abstract. Wirabuana PYAP, Setiahadi R, Sadono R, Lukito M, Martono DS, Matatula J. 2020. Allometric equations for estimating biomass of community forest tree species in Madiun, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4291-4300. The capability of community forests for offsetting carbon emissions highly depends on their biomass production. Unfortunately, the measurement of tree biomass in community forests using a destructive method is expensive and time-consuming. It is also almost impossible to conduct this method for all trees in the observation area. Therefore, the development of allometric equations is essential to support tree biomass estimation in community forests. This study was designed to construct specific models for predicting individual tree biomass in community forests, located in Madiun, Indonesia. We destructively sampled approximately 120 trees from four different species (30 trees for each species), i.e., Falcataria moluccana, Melia azedarach, Swietenia macrophylla, and Tectona grandis. For every tree sample, the measurement of biomass was conducted in each tree’s component, namely roots, stem, branches, and leaves. The allometric equations were developed with regression analysis using predictor variables, like diameter at breast height (D), squared diameter at breast height combined with tree height (D2H), as well as D and H separately. Results found that for four species, the mean biomass in the stem was 50.3%, followed by branches 25.4%, roots 15.9%, and leaves 8.3%. The best equation for estimating biomass in every component and total of four species was different. However, our study showed that the equation lnŶ = -3.037 + 1.430 lnD + 1.684 was reliable to estimate total individual tree biomass of four species in the surveyed area since this model had accuracy of 90.8%. Referring to these findings, we recommended the utilization of an allometric equation as an alternative method for facilitating more efficient biomass measurement in the community forests.

scholarly journals Verification of bi-parameter models of dependence diameter on breast height in birch stands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Лебедев ◽  
В.В. Кузьмичев
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height

Важное значение как в лесохозяйственных работах, так и при проведении научных исследований имеет точность определения высоты деревьев. Высота обычно определяется с использованием конкретных моделей, где она является функцией от диаметра дерева на высоте груди. Наиболее простыми моделями зависимости высоты деревьев от диаметра на высоте груди являются двухпараметрические, и они находят широкое применение в лесотаксационных работах. На материалах 23 пробных площадей с измерением модельных деревьев, заложенных в березовых древостоях Лесной опытной дачи Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академии, проводилось определение параметров для 14 двухпараметрических моделей, наиболее часто встречающихся в литературных источниках. Параметры моделей вычислялись путем минимизации среднеквадратической ошибки. Качество моделей оценивалось по следующим метрикам: квадратный корень из среднеквадратической ошибки, коэффициент детерминации, информационный критерий Акаике, информационный критерий Байеса. Полученные результаты подтвердили целесообразность использования на практике ряда уравнений, которые среди двухпараметрических моделей показывают приемлемое качество. Результаты анализа данных показывают, что со статистической точки зрения полученные различия в качестве моделей не являются значимыми на 5-м уровне (t-тест). Обоснованные в качестве лучших модели зависимости высоты от диаметра на высоте груди могут быть использованы на практике при выполнении лесохозяйственных и научно-исследовательских работ в березовых древостоях, произрастающих в центральных регионах европейской части России. Методика проведенного исследования позволяет повторить аналогичную работу для древесных пород и лесорастительных условий, для которых информация о характере связи высоты с таксационным диаметром является неполной или отсутствует. The accuracy of determining the height of trees is important both in forestry and in scientific research. Height is usually determined using specific models, where it is a function of the diameter at breast height. The simplest models of the dependence of tree height on diameter at breast height are two-parameter, and they are widely used in forest taxation researches. On the materials of 23 sample plots with the measurement of model trees laid in birch stands of the Forest Experimental District of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, the parameters were determined for the 14 bi-parameter models that are most often found in literary sources. Model parameters were calculated by minimizing the standard error. The quality of the models was evaluated by the following metrics: the square root of the standard error, the coefficient of determination, the Akaike information criterion, the Bayes information criterion. The obtained results confirmed the feasibility of using in practice several equations, which among the biparameter models show acceptable quality. The results of data analysis show that, from a statistical point of view, the differences obtained in the quality of models are not significant at the 5 level (t-test). Substantiated as the best models of the dependence of height on diameter at breast height can be used in practice when performing forestry and research work in birch stands growing in the central regions of the European part of Russia. The methodology of the study allows you to repeat the same work for tree species and forest conditions, for which information about the nature of the relationship of height with the diameter at breast height is incomplete or absent.

Patterns of balsam fir mortality caused by an uncontrolled spruce budworm outbreak

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1087-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Donald P. Ostaff
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Site Characteristics

Tree mortality caused by spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.)) defoliation was assessed annually from 1976 to 1985 in 20 mature balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) stands on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, and was related to defoliation and to tree, stand, and site characteristics. Ten to 12 years after the start of the budworm outbreak, fir mortality averaged 87% of the merchantable volume (range 60–100%) among the stands. Timing of mortality was similar to that found in studies of previous outbreaks. In the first 4 years of the outbreak, virtually all the trees that died had more than 90% cumulative defoliation but, overall, 64, 21, and 14% of the dead trees had cumulative defoliation >90, 76 to 90, and 51 to 75%, respectively. Early in the outbreak, fir mortality was generally negatively correlated with tree vigor, relative crown position, or diameter at breast height, but in later years, trees were killed irrespective of these factors. Fir mortality was evenly distributed among different sized trees, and 73 to 86% of the trees in each 5 cm diameter at breast height class died. A linear regression equation between dead fir volume and total fir volume explained 89% of the variability in mortality among stands. Percent fir mortality was correlated (r = 0.84) with visual estimates of cumulative defoliation (including all age-classes of foliage) in 1981, but mortality was not correlated with cumulative current annual defoliation or with site characteristics. Using regression equations, fir mortality during this budworm outbreak was predicted to within ±6 m2/ha in 14 of 18 (78%) of the stands, with a relative accuracy of 17.7%.

scholarly journals Comparison of individual tree aboveground biomass estimation in community forests using allometric equation and expansion factor in Magetan, East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmanta Setiahadi
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Expansion Factor ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Biomass Expansion Factor ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Tree Component

Abstract. Setiahadi R. 2021. Comparison of individual tree aboveground biomass estimation in community forests using allometric equation and expansion factor in Magetan, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3899-3909. The use of allometric equation and biomass expansion factor can facilitate more efficient tree biomass estimation. This study evaluates the accuracy of the allometric equation and expansion factor for quantifying the individual tree aboveground biomass in community forest tree species. Destructive sampling n on 120 trees from four different species: Falcataria moluccana, Melia azedarach, Swietenia macrophylla, and Tectona grandis. For each tree sample, aboveground biomass measured at every tree component, i.e., stem, branches, and leaves. The allometric equation developed using regression analysis with several predictor variables, such as diameter at breast height (D), squared diameter at breast height combined with tree height (D2H), and D and H separately. On another side, the biomass expansion factor was calculated based on the total aboveground biomass and stem biomass ratio. The results found the highest mean aboveground biomass for all species are M. azedarach (326.36±88.40 kg tree-1), S. macrophylla (244.47±98.73 kg tree-1), T. grandis (173.31±80.97 kg tree-1), and F. moluccana (56.56±23.10 kg tree-1). The most significant average biomass expansion factor observed in M. azedarach (1.78±0.03), adhered by T. grandis (1.66±0.09), S. macrophylla (1.61±0.04), and F. moluccana (1.59±0.06). The equation ln? = lna + b x ln (D) was best for estimating aboveground biomass in each tree component and a total of four species with an accuracy of more than 90%.

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