The effect of Armillaria root disease on lodgepole pine tree growth

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
K I Mallett ◽  
WJA Volney
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Volume Increment

Growth of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) trees infected with Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink growing in disease centres were compared with the growth of uninfected trees from two stands in west-central Alberta. Sample trees were measured (height, diameter at breast height, and height to live crown) and disks removed for stem analysis. The standing wood volumes inside disease centres of the two sites were 54 and 15% of the volume in surrounding stands. There were no significant differences in height or diameter at breast height between infected and uninfected trees. Expected growth rates determined by stem analysis revealed, however, that there were conservative losses of 43% in annual volume increment, 32% in specific volume increment, and 23% in height increment. The pattern of stem growth of infected individuals was that typically found in open-grown trees, in marked contrast to the pattern found in uninfected trees growing outside the disease centre. Tree growth chronologies suggested that disease centres were present early in the stands' development as trees grew rapidly before they became infected; however, the characteristic open-grown pattern of trees found in disease centres did not change after they became infected.

Growth of Lodgepole Pine After Mechanical Strip Thinning in Alberta: 15-year Results

1982 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Bella ◽  
J. P. De Franceschi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Catch Up

An operational thinning in a 25-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) stand in Alberta resulted in nearly a 50% increase in diameter at breast height (dbh) and height increment in the last 5 years. Initial stand density had no effect on dbh increment beyond that of initial tree size. The release effect extended throughout the narrow (around 1.5 m) leave strips. Mortality continued to occur at about the same rate in both treated and untreated plots, thus reducing the need for follow-up selective thinning. Although the treated area had much lower stand volumes, it has a faster growth rate and may catch up or even surpass the untreated area in merchantable yield at harvest.

Modeling density-related Iodgepole pine height growth, using Czarnowski's stand dynamics theory

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2499-2506 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Cieszewski ◽  
I.E. Bella
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Variable Site

This paper presents a new density-dependent height-growth model for lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta var. latifolia Engelm.) in Alberta. It predicts stand top height growth as a function of present top height, breast height age, and density. The model is an extension of Czarnowski's stand dynamics theory, using an iterative height increment model with variable site and density components. Using 946 annual growth periods from permanent sample plots, the calibration shows a good fit and simulates reasonable values, even beyond the database.

Stem hydraulic properties and growth in lodgepole pine stands following thinning and sway treatment

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1295-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Liu ◽  
Uldis Silins ◽  
Victor J Lieffers ◽  
Rongzhou Man
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Fire Origin

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of wind-caused sway on the growth and stem hydraulic properties of fire-origin juvenile lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) stands after thinning. Nine plots were thinned and trees were treated to suppress or exacerbate sway from the wind: thinned and supported with a pole (TP), thinned with an added sail (TS), thinned control (TC), and unthinned control (UC). Terminal leader growth, radial increment, and earlywood and latewood widths at breast height were measured for the last six growing seasons. The specific hydraulic conductivity of stems was measured. The results showed that thinning increased diameter growth and reduced height growth and slenderness coefficient (particularly for trees with added sails) compared with the unthinned control. Trees from thinned stands had reduced specific conductivity compared with the trees from unthinned controls, suggesting that tree bending caused functional damage to sapwood. Specific conductivity was 1.36 × 10–5, 1.06 × 10–5, 0.96 × 10–5, and 0.83 × 10–5 m·s–1 in UC, TP, TC, and TS treatments, respectively. Trees from thinned stands, however, increased their total leaf area in the years following thinning.

IPSDIENOL AND LANIERONE INCREASE IPS PINI SAY (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ATTACK AND BROOD DENSITY IN LODGEPOLE PINE INFESTED BY MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik ◽  
T.L. Shore ◽  
D.A. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

AbstractAttack and emergence of the engraver beetles Ips pini Say and I. latidens LeConte were measured in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) naturally attacked by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk., in 1991. Sample trees were baited with the Ips pheromones ipsdienol and lanierone 1 week and 3 weeks after attack by the mountain pine beetle and again the following spring to observe the effects of the timing of bait placement. The densities of attack, egg gallery length, emergence, and hibernation of Ips species were measured. Ips latidens did not attack either the baited or unbaked trees at breast height until the spring of 1992 and the relatively low emergence was not significantly different by treatments. Among the 1991 treatments, the densities at breast height (1.3 m) of I. pini attack, egg gallery length, adult emergence in the fall of 1991, and numbers of hibernating adults in the duff were all highest for the 3-week treatment and lowest for the unbaked treatment. Significantly higher densities of beetles emerged and hibernated in the duff on the north sides of trees. Ips pini emergence in late summer 1992 from trees additionally baited in spring 1992 was significantly higher than for trees baited only in fall 1991. The density and temporal distribution of the emergence of both Ips species is discussed in relation to that of the mountain pine beetle.

Planting density and tree-size relations in coast Douglas-fir

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Scott ◽  
Rodney Meade ◽  
Richard Leon ◽  
David Hyink ◽  
Richard Miller
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Initial Spacing

Test plantations were established in western Washington and Oregon to compare tree growth at six initial planting densities ranging from 300 to 2960 trees/ha (120 to 1200/acre). A size-density relation was visually apparent 3 to 4 years after planting. Inventory data from the oldest 11 trials (5 or 6 years after planting) showed that initial spacing strongly influenced early growth of coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii). Average height and diameter at breast height were progressively larger as planting density increased; at the widest spacing (lowest stand density), average height was 75% and average diameter at breast height was 67% of that at the closest spacing. We have no firm explanation for the early faster tree growth at close spacings. Trees planted at 2960 trees/ha (1200 trees/acre) attained breast height (1.3 m) 2 years earlier than trees planted at a density of 300/ha (120/acre). This finding has practical significance to current efforts to achieve early establishment of plantations.

Growth Rates after Fertilizing Lodgepole Pine

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
P. H. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Indirect Response ◽  
Tree Nutrition ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Heavy Application

Abstract Heavy application rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) to thinned lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) produced responses in volume increment directly related to increased tree nutrition that lasted no more than 8 years. An indirect response in volume increment, resulting from increased levels of stocking after fertilization, continued for a longer period. Resulting increases in yields probably cannot economically justify operational fertilizing in similar stands. West. J. Appl. For. 4(1):18-20, January 1989.

Apparent auxin production and transport during winter in the nongrowing pine tree

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Savidge ◽  
P. F. Wareing
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Auxin Production ◽  
Sieve Cells ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Endogenous indol-3yl acetic acid (IAA) was characterized by combined gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) in inactive cambia of Pinus contorta Dougl. and Larix decidua Mill, during winter, and IAA levels were estimated by GC–MS in buds, needles, and the tissues comprising the inactive cambial region of P. contorta during late autumn and winter. Supplementary IAA estimates were obtained for cambia of Acer pseudoplatanus L., L. decidua, Populus × canadensis 'Robusta,' and Quercus robur L. IAA levels in cambial tissue of lodgepole pine were higher than those in similar-aged tissue of hardwoods throughout the winter.Both winter disbudding and defoliating treatments reduced levels of endogenous IAA in the cambial region of lodgepole pine. Moreover, exogenous [14C]IAA and [14C]sucrose were transported downward in the stem during winter. Microscopy suggested functional sieve cells to be present during winter, and the moisture content of the cambial region of lodgepole pine was more than twice that of overwintering hardwoods.Thus, the vascular cambium of P. contorta probably is not dependent upon a supply of IAA from extending shoots and growing needles for its reactivation in spring. The findings also suggest that IAA production and export from metabolically active buds and mature needles may occur during winter.

Effects of nitrogen and boron fertilization on foliar boron nutrition and growth in two different lodgepole pine ecosystems

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 988-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
R P Brockley
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Boron Fertilization

The 9-year effects of nitrogen (N) and boron (B) fertilization on the growth and foliar B nutrition of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) were evaluated in two different ecosystems in the interior of British Columbia. When added alone, B had no effect on basal area or height increment. However, combined applications of N and B were superior to N alone in stimulating height development at both study sites. At one site, fertilization with N, alone and in combination with sulphur (S), resulted in a significant amount of top dieback symptomatic of severe B deficiency. No visible deficiency symptoms were observed when B was combined with N or N + S. Boron fertilization significantly increased foliar B concentrations at both study sites, and higher foliar B levels were maintained throughout the 9-year study period. Results suggest that significant visible symptoms of B deficiency in lodgepole pine are unlikely to occur at foliar levels >6 mg/kg, although subacute B deficiency may suppress height development in the absence of deficiency symptoms. When combined with nitrogenous fertilizers, B applications of 1.5–3.0 kg/ha are likely sufficient to achieve, and maintain, favourable B status and healthy growth of trees over a prolonged period.

Patterns in height-diameter relationships for selected tree species and sites in eastern Texas

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1445-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Understory Species ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Two Parameter

Relationships between tree height and diameter at breast height were described for 15 species across a range of sites in eastern Texas using a two-parameter equation. Maximum height varied significantly from site to site within a species, but the ratio of initial slope to maximum height was generally constant. Sites favoring tall trees of one species tended to favor tall trees of all species, especially among species found in the overstory. The greatest rates of height growth for a given diameter at breast height increment were found among some midstory and understory species.

Leaf area and tree increment dynamics of even-aged and multiaged lodgepole pine stands in Montana

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra L Kollenberg ◽  
Kevin L O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Volume Increment

Age structure and distribution of leaf area index (LAI) of even and multiaged lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) stands were examined on three study areas in western and central Montana. Projected leaf area was determined based on a relationship with sapwood cross-sectional area at breast height. Stand structure and LAI varied considerably between individual plots. LAI and stand stem volume increment were significantly higher in multiaged than even-aged stands with the exception of one study area, which had higher volume increment in even-aged stands. Older cohorts and higher canopy strata generally had greater LAI than younger cohorts and lower strata. Ratios of stem volume increment to leaf area were used to assess stand, cohort, and individual tree vigor or growing space efficiency (GSE). Even-aged stands had significantly higher GSEs in individual study areas and overall than multiaged stands. Cohort GSE generally increased with increasing age of the cohort. Stand increment was weakly associated with stand LAI. Individual tree volume increment was strongly related to projected leaf area when stands were divided by age-classes or canopy strata. These results suggest separating these stands into components, such as age classes or canopy strata, and summing predicted increment for each component may provide more accurate prediction of stand increment than using whole-stand LAI.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document