scholarly journals Norway Spruce Provenance Experiments in the Maritimes Region of Canada

1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Fowler ◽  
J. F. Coles
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
General Survival ◽  
Northeastern Poland ◽  
The Baltic

Results from ten provenance trials of Norway spruce in the Maritimes Region are reviewed. Norway spruce from eastern Poland and from mid-elevations in the Sudeten and Carpathian Mountains of northern Poland can be expected to perform well when planted over a wide range of sites in central and southern New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia. Norway spruce from east of the Baltic Sea, i.e., northeastern Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, western Russia and White Russia is recommended for northern New Brunswick. These same provenances are recommended for use in Great Lakes — St. Lawrence Region of Quebec and Ontario.Survival and growth rate of Norway spruce are compared to that of native spruce species. In general, survival of black and Norway spruce was the same and exceeded that of white and red spruce. Black spruce was taller than Norway which was taller than white and red spruce in most tests. It is suggested that growth of Norway spruce will exceed that of native spruces over rotations of 40-50 years.

A provenance test of red spruce in nine environments in eastern Canada

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Morgenstern ◽  
A. G. Corriveau ◽  
D. P. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
Seed Origin

Survival and total height of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) at ages 15 and 22 years from seed are reported. Twelve provenances distributed from North Carolina to Quebec were grown in three experiments each in Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick; seven additional provenances were only partially represented. Variance, correlation, and regression analyses were made. Results at both ages were very similar. Provenance differences in survival were small at individual sites and significant only when the results from all nine sites were combined. Provenance differences in height were well expressed and significant in each of the three groups of tests, with northern provenances growing best. Several provenances were also relatively stable and performed well from site to site. Correlation and regression analyses showed that variation in height was more closely related to the degree of introgressive hybridization with black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) than to latitude, elevation, or precipitation at the place of seed origin. These results were conditioned by development on open sites which are not typical red spruce sites.In contrast with expectations when the study was initiated, it is now apparent that provenances from the southern Appalachian Mountains in West Virginia and North Carolina are less variable than expected and not suitable for reforestation in Canada.

NOTES ON THE GENUS NALEPELLA (ACARINA: ERIOPHYOIDEA) AND THE OCCURRENCE OF N. HALOURGA ON BLACK SPRUCE IN CANADA

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valin G. Marshall ◽  
Evert E. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eriophyoid Mite ◽  
Host Associations

AbstractAn eriophyoid mite, Nalepella halourga Keifer, is newly recorded in Canada from two hosts: black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP., from Ontario, and Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., from New Brunswick. For the first time this mite is reported as damaging black spruce under greenhouse conditions. A key to the eight described species of Nalepella and notes on their host associations and economic importance are included.

The Occurrence of Hybrid Swarms of Red and Black Spruces in Central New Brunswick

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. M. Manley
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Site Preferences ◽  
Hybrid Swarms ◽  
Respective Characteristic ◽  
The Ideal

The data obtained by rating 50 plots in red × black spruce populations throughout central New Brunswick with a hybrid index indicate that red and black spruces have hybridized extensively. In the New Brunswick Lowland, gentle slopes and flat uplands form a continuum between characteristic habitats, permitting extensive contact between the two species. Where a considerable zone of contact was present, hybrid populations were established. Selection pressure is apparently strong, for despite the ideal opportunities for contact and the fertility of the hybrids, parental species remain phenotypically pure in their respective characteristic habitats (as far as these could be defined). The composition of hybrid populations was related to the extent of resemblance of 'intermediate' sites to parental site preferences. Introgressed black spruce predominated in hybrid populations, possibly due to the overriding influence of disturbances such as fire, logging, and damage to red spruce types by spruce budworm.

The ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada: review of collecting, new records, and observations on composition, zoogeography, and historical origins

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1590 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER G. MAJKA ◽  
YVES BOUSQUET ◽  
SUSAN WESTBY
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
New Records ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Faunal List ◽  
Historical Origins

The Carabidae of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are surveyed. The collecting history of the family in the region is reviewed. New records of 20 species are reported, 6 from New Brunswick and 15 from Nova Scotia. Six species are newly recorded in the Maritime Provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island) as a whole. Six species are removed from the faunal list of Nova Scotia and one from the faunal list of New Brunswick. Consequently, 282 species of Carabidae are now known from Nova Scotia, 273 species from New Brunswick, and 329 from the Maritime Provinces as a whole. A new and earlier timeline (1942) is reported for the introduced Palearctic carabid, Bembidion properans (Stephens), in North America. The status of Stenolophus carbo Bousquet in the region is reviewed and its presence in Nova Scotia is considered doubtful. The historical origins of the Maritime fauna are discussed based on studies of post-glacial Coleoptera. These indicate at least three colonization phases, some elements of which are still apparent in the contemporary fauna. Elements of the native Nova Scotia fauna not found in New Brunswick (26 species), may represent colonization from New England across post-glacial land bridges and island chains. Elements of the native fauna found in New Brunswick and not Nova Scotia (31 species), may represent species that have reached the eastward limit of their distribution for climatic or environmental reasons; or that have found the Northumberland Strait and/or the isthmus of Chignecto an obstacle to geographical dispersal; or represent widely distributed boreal species (6 species) that should be sought in Nova Scotia. Eighteen species of Nova Scotia carabids have been recorded only from Cape Breton Island, two of which are known in Atlantic Canada solely from there. Although Cape Breton is separated from the mainland by the 1.5 km wide Strait of Canso, the number of flightless, native carabids present is proportionally greater than that in Nova Scotia overall, or the Maritime Provinces as a whole. Despite differences in land mass and distance to the neighbouring mainland, the faunas of Cape Breton, Prince Edward Island, and insular Newfoundland, exhibit similarities in size and composition, although Newfoundland's fauna has twice the proportion of Holarctic species. Cape Breton's carabid fauna is diminished compared to the neighbouring mainland, having only 57% of the native species. This may represent an island-associated diminution, the paucity of collecting, or a combination of both, although in comparison with other groups of Coleoptera the Carabidae appear relatively well represented. Within Atlantic Canada, New Brunswick has the lowest proportion (8.8%) of introduced carabids and the highest proportion (83.2%) of native, Nearctic species. Given the potential utility of carabids as bioindicators, and the wide range of disturbance to which the environment of the Maritime Provinces has been subjected, further research on this diverse group of beetles would be desirable.

scholarly journals Damage by Tomentosus root rot in white spruce plantations in Ontario, and the effects of thinning on the disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence

Mortality caused by Inonotus tomentosus (Fr.) Teng (Tomentosus root rot) to dominant and codominant trees was found in all but one of 17 white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) plantations 43–58 years old. Even though mortality usually commences at 30–35 years, younger trees can be killed. An average of 0.7% of white spruce were killed annually over the 6-year study period.Average accumulated mortality of dominant and codominant trees was 10.3 % for all plantations. Butt cull in remaining living trees averaged 13.8% of gross merchantable volume in two plots that had been clearcut at Searchmont, Ontario. Observations of the stumps of clearcut trees at Searchmont revealed that 56% of the trees had been infected. At Petawawa, Ontario, significantly higher proportions of trees were killed by I. tomentosus, and there were higher numbers of sporophores of this fungus in unthinned than in heavily thinned plantations. Tomentosus root rot also killed trees in 35- to 60-year-old plantations of black spruce (P. mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.), red spruce (P. rubens Sarg.) and Norway spruce (P. abies [L.] Karst.). Circumstantial evidence is presented that indicates Tomentosus root rot was introduced into plantations as I. tomentosus basidiospores.

An economic analysis of black spruce breeding in New Brunswick

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Cornelius ◽  
E. K. Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Discount Rates ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Program Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plus Tree

A representative black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) breeding program was formulated using information collected from New Brunswick Tree Improvement Council cooperators. This "base program" was subjected to program profitability and program efficiency analyses. Costs and revenues were computed for a range of real discount rates. The results showed that variation in discount rates did not greatly influence the break-even level of gross discounted revenue, which was fairly stable at around $100 000 for the base orchard of 5.2 ha. Projected gross discounted revenue ranged from about $100 000 at 4.5% discount rate to $36 at 16%. With the internal rate of return at 4.4%, it was concluded that black spruce breeding is probably an economic means of securing extra wood supplies. The program efficiency component concentrated on resource allocation between plus-tree and family selection. The results suggested that current strategies are close to optimum; for a wide range of numbers of familis selected within a constant budget, gross returns remained within about 10% of the maximum possible for each assumption set. It was concluded that current breeding programs should be continued, with present recommended strategies retained.

The use of electrical capacitance to determine growth and vigor of spruce and fir trees and stands in New Brunswick

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Glenn MacDougall ◽  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Robert G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Capacitance Measurements ◽  
Tree Data ◽  
Amplifier Design ◽  
Capacitance Meter ◽  
Tree Characteristics

A capacitance meter based on an integrating operational amplifier design was used to measure electrical capacitance of over 3400 trees in 90 spruce–fir stands in New Brunswick. Trends of capacitance were compared with trends of tree growth, tree characteristics, and defoliation by spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.)). Capacitance differed among tree species, with balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) having generally higher values than red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.). Capacitance also decreased with crown class and with increasing cumulative defoliation. Correlations between tree growth and capacitance ranged from about 0.6 to 0.7 for tree data, and 0.6 to 0.9 for stand data. Regressions between mean growth per stand and mean capacitance explained about 40 to 70% of the variability in growth. These results indicate that it is practical to use electrical capacitance measurements to assess tree growth and vigor.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF FIVE CONIFERS RIDGE-PLANTED ON A WET SITE

1966 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
J. D. MacArthur
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Survival And Growth

Five-year results indicate that ridge-planting is effective in reforesting poorly-drained land in the Morgan Arborteum. White, red, black, and Norway spruce and white pine showed significantly better survival and growth on ridges than in control planting. Norway and black spruce and white pine were the most successful. White spruce and red spruce survived well, but grew slowly.

Some Relationships Between Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Spruces in New Brunswick

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Price
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frequent Occurrence ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Host Tree

AbstractComparative studies on breeding and survival of Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) in black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP., red spruce, P. rubens Sarg, and white spruce, P. glauca (Moench) Voss, indicate that red spruce is the most favourable host. The thicker, more scaly bark of red spruce and the less frequent occurrence of competition for bark space and food by other organisms are considered as contributory to the success of beetles in this host tree.

scholarly journals Long-term performance of Norway spruce in two provenance trials in Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauls Zeltiņš ◽  
Arnis Gailis ◽  
Inga Zariņa
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Norway spruce is economically important tree species in the Baltic Sea region, covering large areas and being productive in pure plantations. The species is often regenerated with planting. It is important to choose not only productive, but also robust reproductive material with good adaptability, hardiness and quality traits. The use of appropriate transferred provenances can be an option to increase forest productivity at final-harvest moment. Thus, it is necessary to know long-term fitness of different seedlots. We examined two provenances trials in Western and Eastern Latvia at the age of 34 and 29 years, respectively. We assessed effect of provenance on growth performance, stem quality, and budburst time. In milder climate of Western Latvia, superior growth showed northward-transferred later flushing provenances from the Carpathian Mountains and Lithuania, resulting in by up to 32 % higher yield than the trial mean. No advantages were observed for early flushing Western Russian seedlots facing southward transfer. Latvian provenances showed variable performance regarding productivity and stem quality. In harsher climate of Eastern Latvia, selection of productive local seedlots seemed reasonable option due to relatively lower probability of trees with stem defects comparing to transferred material.

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