An economic analysis of black spruce breeding in New Brunswick

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Cornelius ◽  
E. K. Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Discount Rates ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Program Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plus Tree

A representative black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) breeding program was formulated using information collected from New Brunswick Tree Improvement Council cooperators. This "base program" was subjected to program profitability and program efficiency analyses. Costs and revenues were computed for a range of real discount rates. The results showed that variation in discount rates did not greatly influence the break-even level of gross discounted revenue, which was fairly stable at around $100 000 for the base orchard of 5.2 ha. Projected gross discounted revenue ranged from about $100 000 at 4.5% discount rate to $36 at 16%. With the internal rate of return at 4.4%, it was concluded that black spruce breeding is probably an economic means of securing extra wood supplies. The program efficiency component concentrated on resource allocation between plus-tree and family selection. The results suggested that current strategies are close to optimum; for a wide range of numbers of familis selected within a constant budget, gross returns remained within about 10% of the maximum possible for each assumption set. It was concluded that current breeding programs should be continued, with present recommended strategies retained.

scholarly journals The status and potential of using controlled parentage in operational reforestation in New Brunswick

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Adams ◽  
K. J. Tosh
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vegetative Multiplication ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Initial Research

Tree improvement programs began in New Brunswick in the 1970s, and, by the early 1990s, most of the seed used in reforestation was from seed orchards. Initial research such as fertilizer trials and other flower induction methods focussed on increasing seed orchard yields. Trials have also been established to investigate parental contribution to seed orchard production. As the New Brunswick Tree Improvement Council breeding programs advance into the second generation, two new approaches have been developed to capture genetic gain more efficiently. The use of controlled breeding followed by vegetative multiplication of black spruce has been adopted operationally by J.D. Irving, Limited, and a jack pine meadow orchard has been established by the New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy. This paper presents an overview of these programs and the future challenges of using controlled parentage in operational reforestation stock production.

scholarly journals Norway Spruce Provenance Experiments in the Maritimes Region of Canada

1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Fowler ◽  
J. F. Coles
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
General Survival ◽  
Northeastern Poland ◽  
The Baltic

Results from ten provenance trials of Norway spruce in the Maritimes Region are reviewed. Norway spruce from eastern Poland and from mid-elevations in the Sudeten and Carpathian Mountains of northern Poland can be expected to perform well when planted over a wide range of sites in central and southern New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia. Norway spruce from east of the Baltic Sea, i.e., northeastern Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, western Russia and White Russia is recommended for northern New Brunswick. These same provenances are recommended for use in Great Lakes — St. Lawrence Region of Quebec and Ontario.Survival and growth rate of Norway spruce are compared to that of native spruce species. In general, survival of black and Norway spruce was the same and exceeded that of white and red spruce. Black spruce was taller than Norway which was taller than white and red spruce in most tests. It is suggested that growth of Norway spruce will exceed that of native spruces over rotations of 40-50 years.

scholarly journals The New Brunswick Tree Improvement Council is 20 years old

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Simpson ◽  
Kathleen Tosh
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Stem Straightness

Applied breeding programs in New Brunswick have been coordinated for the past 20 years by the New Brunswick Tree Improvement Council. First-generation programs for black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) consisted of seedling seed orchards and open-pollinated family tests, in contrast to those of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) and tamarack (Larix laricina [Du Roi] K.Koch), which were clonal seed orchards and control-pollinated progeny tests. Production from the seed orchards has been regular and heavy. In only 15 years, most reforestation stock was being grown from orchard seed. Early results from black spruce and jack pine realized gain tests indicate increases of 12 to 20% in volume growth by using genetically improved seed. This is double the prediction that was made when the program started. Stem straightness of jack pine trees has been improved by 25%. Second-generation programs of black spruce and jack pine are well underway and production from these orchards is steadily increasing. Indications are that gains from using this seed will be substantial. An ongoing research and development program has contributed to a more effective breeding program, has increased seed production, and has given further insights into wood quality. The success of the Council's program is due to excellent participation and team work by government, university and industrial agencies and their long-term commitment. Key words: seed production, tree improvement, black spruce, white spruce, jack pine, tamarack

Genetic gains from 20 years of cooperative tree improvement in New Brunswick

2004 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce McInnis ◽  
Kathleen Tosh
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Height Gain ◽  
Rotation Age

The New Brunswick Tree Improvement Council analyzed 20-year data from plantations of unimproved and first generation improved black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). STAMAN, a computer model, conservatively projected an 11% merchantable volume gain at 40 years based on 20-year measurements of 36 000 trees. At age 20 years, first generation black spruce was 12% taller and 25–30% greater in total volume. Projections from over 160 000 individual measurements of height from age five to 20 years indicate that by 40 years, gains of 7–8% in height and 18–20% in total volume are likely. Ten year assessments from over 10 000 measurements of second generation black spruce indicate a 30% height gain over first generation material of the same age. For jack pine first generation material, the projections indicated a height gain of 14% and a total volume gain of over 30% at 40 years. Faster growth can provide greater volume at rotation age, a shorter rotation interval, or earlier interventions for commercial thinning. Key words: genetic gain, tree improvement, black spruce, jack pine

scholarly journals Institutional Restructuring in Response to the Changing Mission of Land Grant Colleges Cook College, Rutgers University – The State University of New Jersey

1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Daymon W. Thatch ◽  
William L. Park
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
Revolutionary War ◽  
The State ◽  
State University ◽  
Arts And Sciences ◽  
Rutgers University ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The University

Rutgers University was chartered as Queen's College on November 10, 1766. It was the eighth institution of higher education founded in Colonial America prior to the Revolutionary War. From its modest beginning in the New Brunswick area the University has grown to eight separately organized undergraduate colleges in three areas of the State, with a wide range of offerings in liberal and applied arts and sciences.

Prescribed burning for lowland black spruce regeneration in northern Minnesota

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Aksamit ◽  
Frank D. Irving
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Feather Moss ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Labrador Tea ◽  
Tall Shrub ◽  
The University ◽  
Larger Sample

Concern over the variability of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) regeneration on peatlands in northern Minnesota following prescribed burning led to a cooperative study between the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Twenty-seven black spruce cutovers on State lands that had been prescribed burned and either seeded or left to regenerate naturally were sampled. These were stratified into sphagnum – Labrador-tea – leather-leaf (SPHG) sites (10), feather moss (FM) sites (9), and alder – graminoid – other tall shrub (ALDR) sites (8). Results indicate that fire was not necessary to regenerate SPHG sites. FM sites required fire to modify unfavorable seedbeds and to reduce competition. Best results were obtained by burning when the upper layers of the peat were highly desiccated. ALDR sites occupied a wide range of ecological conditions which led to highly variable regeneration results. A larger sample size and possibly more carefully controlled study conditions are needed to fully understand ALDR site regeneration. Seeding results were uncertain for all sites.

Exploring the Recruitment Dynamics of Sugar Maple and Yellow Birch Saplings into Merchantable Stems Following Harvesting in the Acadian Forest Region of New Brunswick, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Noel ◽  
Jules Comeau ◽  
Salah-Eddine El Adlouni ◽  
Gaetan Pelletier ◽  
Marie-Andrée Giroux
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Silvicultural Treatment ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acadian Forest

The recruitment of saplings in forest stands into merchantable stems is a very complex process, thus making it challenging to understand and predict. The recruitment dynamics in the Acadian Forest Region of New Brunswick are not well known or documented. Our objective was to draw an inference from existing large scale routine forest inventories as to the different dynamics behind the recruitment from the sapling layer into the commercial tree size layer in terms of density and occurrence of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) following harvesting, by looking at many factors on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales using models. Results suggest that the variation in density and probability of occurrence is best explained by the intensity of silvicultural treatment, by the merchantable stem density in each plot, and by the proportion of merchantable basal area of each group of species. The number of recruits of sugar maple and yellow birch stems tend be higher when time since last treatment increases, when mid to low levels of silvicultural treatment intensity were implemented, and within plots having intermediate levels of merchantable stem density. Lastly, our modeling efforts suggest that the probability of occurrence and density of recruitment of both species tend to increase while its share of merchantable basal area increases.

Commercialization potential of somatic embryogenesis in black spruce tree improvement

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Adams ◽  
M. G. Doiron ◽  
Y. S. Park ◽  
J. M. Bonga ◽  
P. J. Charest
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Somatic Plants ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Potential Tool

The somatic embryogenesis process was evaluated as a potential tool for operational vegetative propagation using individuals from families currently used in the J.D. Irving, Ltd. black spruce tree improvement program. Most families were responsive although the number of individuals within families capable of producing embryogenic tissue (ET) varied greatly (1–70%). Seventy-four percent of the ET clones produced mature embryos and most of these germinated. Greenhouse survival was initially low (11%) but improved in subsequent experiments to 45% as growing regimes were refined. Demonstration plantings of the resulting somatic plants were established at two sites in New Brunswick. A total of 206 clones were cryopreserved. The potential for integrating somatic embryogenesis techniques into tree improvement and stock production programs is discussed. Key words: tree improvement, somatic embryogenesis, clonal propagation, black spruce, biotechnology

scholarly journals Why and How to Switch to Genomic Selection: Lessons From Plant and Animal Breeding Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Aline Fugeray-Scarbel ◽  
Catherine Bastien ◽  
Mathilde Dupont-Nivet ◽  
Stéphane Lemarié
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection For

The present study is a transversal analysis of the interest in genomic selection for plant and animal species. It focuses on the arguments that may convince breeders to switch to genomic selection. The arguments are classified into three different “bricks.” The first brick considers the addition of genotyping to improve the accuracy of the prediction of breeding values. The second consists of saving costs and/or shortening the breeding cycle by replacing all or a portion of the phenotyping effort with genotyping. The third concerns population management to improve the choice of parents to either optimize crossbreeding or maintain genetic diversity. We analyse the relevance of these different bricks for a wide range of animal and plant species and sought to explain the differences between species according to their biological specificities and the organization of breeding programs.

scholarly journals Population structure and phylogenetic relationships in Brassica rapa L. subspecies by using isozyme markers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Sammour ◽  
M. A. Karam ◽  
Y. S. Morsi ◽  
R. M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The present study aimed to assess population structure and phylogenetic relationships of nine subspecies of Brassica rapa L. represented with thirty-five accessions cover a wide range of species distribution area using isozyme analysis in order to select more diverse accessions as supplementary resources that can be utilized for improvement of B. napus. Enzyme analysis resulted in detecting 14 putative polymorphic loci with 27 alleles. Mean allele frequency 0.04 (rare alleles) was observed in Cat4A and Cat4B in sub species Oleifera accession CR 2204/79 and in subspecies trilocularis accessions CR 2215/88 and CR 2244/88. The highest genetic diversity measures were observed in subspecies dichotoma, accession CR 1585/96 (the highest average of observed (H0) and expected heterozygosity (He), and number of alleles per locus (Ae)). These observations make this accession valuable genetic resource to be included in breeding programs for the improvement of oilseed B. napus. The average fixation index (F) is significantly higher than zero for the analysis accessions indicating a significant deficiency of heteozygosity. The divergence among subspecies indicated very great genetic differentiation (FST = 0.8972) which means that about 90% of genetic diversity is distributed among subspecies, while 10% of the diversity is distributed within subspecies. This coincides with low value of gene flow (Nm = 0.0287). B. rapa ssp. oleifera (turnip rape) and B. rapa ssp. trilocularis (sarson) were grouped under one cluster which coincides with the morphological classification.

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