Some effects of root dipping, root exposure and extended planting dates with white spruce

1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Considerable Reduction ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Root Exposure ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Planting Season

In 1967 a planting experiment was initiated at Midhurst Nursery with 3-0 white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) to examine the effects of dipping the roots in water immediately on lifting, and of exposure of roots to air for periods of up to 3 hours. Weekly liftings and (same day) plantings were used. The corresponding controls (minimum exposure) were an example of fresh-lift, quick-plant procedure through and extending the normal planting season for this area and species. The results were examined in terms of second-year survival percentages and terminal growth.A all times of lifting and planting, dipping was beneficial to survival (83.5 ± 4.7% dipped, 77.2 ± 7.0% non-dipped) and to terminal growth (9.46 ± 0.42 cm dipped, 9.0 ± 0.42 cm non-dipped).Increased time of exposure of roots caused considerable reduction in survival and growth. On the one rainy day of planting there was little adverse effect from exposure. The extended planting season showed that although survival was reasonable, there was an indication of the inhibition of terminal growth as the season progressed.

scholarly journals Effects of substrate availability and competing vegetation on natural regeneration of white spruce on logged boreal mixedwood sites

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola A. Kokkonen ◽  
S. Ellen Macdonald ◽  
Ian Curran ◽  
Simon M. Landhäusser ◽  
Victor J. Lieffers
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Survival And Growth

Given a seed source, the quality of available substrates is a key factor in determining the success of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) natural regeneration. We examined the influence of substrate and competing vegetation on survival and growth of natural regeneration of white spruce up to 4 years following harvesting in deciduous-dominated upland boreal mixedwood sites. Feather moss, thick soil surface organic layers, litter, and solid wood were poor substrates for establishment. Early successional mosses establishing on mineral soil, thin organics, and rotten wood were generally favourable microsites but were not highly available on postharvest sites. Mineral soil substrates were not as suitable as expected, likely because on a postlogged site, they are associated with unfavourable environmental characteristics (e.g., low nutrient availability, exposure). There was some evidence that survival and growth of seedlings were improved by surrounding vegetation in the first years, but heavy competing vegetation had a negative impact on older seedlings. Burial by aspen litter greatly increased seedling mortality, especially when combined with a brief period of submergence due to heavy spring snowmelt. The results provide insight into conditions under which natural regeneration could be an option for establishing white spruce following harvesting of deciduous-dominated boreal mixedwood forests.

Influences of gap position, vegetation management and herbivore control on survival and growth of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Milakovsky ◽  
Brent R. Frey ◽  
Mark S. Ashton ◽  
Bruce C. Larson ◽  
Oswald J. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Survival And Growth

Survival and growth response of white spruce stock types to site preparation in Alaska

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Youngblood ◽  
Elizabeth Cole ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Bare Root

To identify suitable methods for reforestation, we evaluated the interacting effects of past disturbance, stock types, and site preparation treatments on white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedling survival and growth across a range of sites in Alaska. Replicated experiments were established in five regions. At each site, two complete installations differed in time since disturbance: “new” units were harvested immediately before spring planting and “old” units were harvested at least 3 years before planting. We compared mechanical scarification before planting, broadcast herbicide application during the fall before planting, and no site preparation with 1-year-old container-grown seedlings from two sources, 2-year-old bare-root transplants from two sources, and 3-year-old bare-root transplants. Seedlings were followed for 11 years on most sites. Based on meta-analyses, seedling survival increased 10% with herbicide application and 15% with mechanical scarification compared with no site preparation. Scarification and herbicide application increased seedling height by about 28% and 35%, respectively, and increased seedling volume by about 86% and 195%, respectively, compared with no site preparation. Soil temperature did not differ among site preparation methods after the first 7 years. Results suggest that white spruce stands may be successfully restored through a combination of vegetation control and use of quality planting stock.

ROOT EXPOSURE OF WHITE SPRUCE NURSERY STOCK

1967 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Root Exposure

Two lots of 2-0 white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in soil blocks were brought into the greenhouse in February. The first lot, called "active" was left in the greenhouse for 10 days before transplanting. The second lot, called "dormant" was left in the greenhouse for 3 days before transplanting. The seedlings were then washed from the soil, graded, and exposed to the air on nets, some in the greenhouse, some in an adjacent laboratory. The exposure varied from 0 (immediate planting), to ½, 1, 1½, 2 and 2½ hours. After planting, the seedlings were grown in the greenhouse for four months, then removed from the soil and measured.The results showed greater mortality from root exposure of the "active" seedlings. The mortality increased with the length of exposure. Growth also was inhibited most within the "active" stock. However, growth was reduced even in the "dormant" stock by root exposures of ½ hour or longer. Differences due to location in greenhouse or laboratory during root exposure were not significant.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TWO PLANTING METHODS ON THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF WHITE SPRUCE (Picea glauca (MOENCH) VOSS) IN EASTERN ONTARIO

1958 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Armson
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Eastern Ontario ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Method Of Planting

White spruce trees were planted in the Larose County Forest, Ontario, on a sandy soil which has a permanent water table 6-24 inches below the surface. In one method of planting the trees were placed in the bottom of the furrow, and in a second method they were planted in the upturned furrow slice. Eight years after planting there was found to be no difference in the survival rates of trees planted by either method, but the height of those trees planted in the upturned furrow slice was significantly greater than that of trees planted in the bottom of the furrow. The difference in height appeared to be related to the fact that those trees planted in the furrow bottoms had their roots placed in a zone of the soil which is seasonally saturated with water.

scholarly journals Regeneration of aspen following partial and strip understory protection harvest in boreal mixedwood forests

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison D Lennie ◽  
Simon M Landhäusser ◽  
Victor J Lieffers ◽  
Derek Sidders
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Mixedwood Forests ◽  
Partial Harvest ◽  
Second Year

Trembling aspen regeneration was studied in 2 types of partial harvest systems designed to harvest mature aspen but protect immature spruce and encourage natural aspen regeneration. Two partial harvest systems, where the residual aspen was either left in strips or was dispersed uniformly, were compared to traditional clearcuts. After the first and second year since harvest, aspen sucker density and growth was similar between the 2 partial harvests, but was much lower than in the clearcuts. However, in the partial cuts the regeneration density was very much dependent on the location relative to residual trees. The density of regeneration was inversely related to the basal area of residual aspen; however, sucker height was inversely related to the basal area of the residual spruce. Although there were adequate numbers of suckers after partial harvest, their viability and contribution to the long-term productivity of these mixedwood stands is not clear. Key words: silvicultural systems, forest management, residual canopy, white spruce, Populus tremuloides, Picea glauca, traffic

Effects of fire severity on early survival and growth of planted jack pine, black spruce and white spruce

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
Kevin J Kemball
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Early Survival

Two boreal mixedwood stands burned by the 1999 Black River wildfire in southeastern Manitoba, Canada were selected to study the effect of fire severity on early survival and growth of planted jack pine (Pinus banksiana), black spruce (Picea mariana) and white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings. In each stand, three fire severity classes (scorched, lightly burned, and severely burned) were identified based on the degree of forest floor consumption. Fire severity was not a significant factor on mortality. No mortality difference was found among species, except for year 5 when jack pine had significantly higher mortality than both black spruce and white spruce. Jack pine and black spruce had their highest mortality in year 4, while white spruce had its highest mortality in year 1. Under natural competition, seedling growth increased with increasing fire severity. When competition was removed, fire severity did not affect seedling growth. Regardless of fire severity and competition, jack pine had better diameter and height growth than black spruce, which, in turn, grew slightly taller than white spruce. Planted seedlings faced less intense vegetation competition on severely burned plots compared to scorched or lightly burned plots. Regardless of fire severity and species, competition increased with time since planting. Our study results indicate that planting immediately after a wildfire is a viable option to establish conifer components on burned boreal mixedwood stands. Key words: fire severity, plantation, regeneration, Pinus banksiana, Picea mariana, Picea glauca

scholarly journals Growth of Coniferous Seedlings on a Drained and Mounded Peatland in Central Alberta

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam K. Takyi ◽  
Graham R. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract Artificial reforestation experiments compared survival and growth of five species of coniferous containerized seedlings, and seedling browsing by ungulates on a clearcut, drained, and mounded peatland in the boreal forest. Six to seven growing seasons after planting, 91% of all seedlings had survived. Height and diameter growth in five species were ranked as follows: Siberian latch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) > lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) > tamarack (Larix laricina [Du Roi] K. Koch) > black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) = white spruce(Picea glauca [Moench] Voss). Overall, tamarack height and diameter growth was twice that of either spruce species. Height and diameter growth of tamarack, black spruce, and white spruce planted in the spring was 65% to 97% greater than that of the more robust seedlings for the same species planted in the fall of the same year. Repeated winter browsing by ungulates did not affect survival and growth of the five species. In an experiment where survival and growth of tamarack and black spruce seedlings planted on the mounds were compared with that of seedlings planted on the flat areas between mounds, there were no differences in survival, height, or root collar diameter growth between the two planting sites. In the event that suitable peatlands are used to augment existing timber supplies, lowering the water table through ditching, combined with mound-planting, is a feasible method of reforesting timber-harvested, boreal wet sites with Siberian latch, lodgepole pine, and white spruce. Tamarack and black spruce, however, survive and grow well on drained peatlands without mound-planting. North. J. Appl. For. 17(2):71-79.

scholarly journals SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF WHITE SPRUCE WILDLINGS AND COASTAL NURSERY SEEDLINGS IN THE INTERIOR OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1966 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eis
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
First Year ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Second Year

Survival and development of outplanted 2-0 and 2-1 white spruce nursery stock, transplanted 3-0 and 4-0 wildlings and 3-0 and 4-0 undisturbed wildlings are compared. Mortality was negligible in all groups. Planting check caused a 47% reduction in height increment during the first year and 15% during the second year after planting. The height increment was best related to the height growth during the previous year and total height of the planting stock. Insignificant differences were found between plants on undisturbed soil surface and those on exposed mineral soil.

Effects of shelter and competition on the early growth of planted white spruce (Picea glauca)

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1002-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Groot
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Canopy Removal ◽  
Second Year

Overstory manipulation and vegetation control treatments were applied at three experimental locations in northern Ontario, Canada, to examine shelter and competition effects on planted white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Overstories were nearly pure trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) or aspen-conifer mixedwoods. Overstory treatments included clear-cutting, uniform shelterwood (40% canopy removal), strip shelterwood (widths from 0.5 to 1.0H, where H is the height of dominants), patch shelterwood (diameter about 1.0H), narrow strips (width 0.25H), and intact overstory. Vegetation-control treatments included herbicide and no-herbicide treatments. Second-year seedling growth was poorest under intact overstories and in 0.25H strips, and vegetation control had little effect on growth in this situation. Vegetation control in clearcuts increased seedling diameter but not height growth. In shelterwood treatments, however, vegetation control often increased both diameter and height growth. Greatest diameter tended to occur in clearcuts with vegetation control, whereas greatest height growth tended to occur in shelterwoods with vegetation control. These differing responses likely occur because diameter growth is influenced primarily by light availability, but height growth is additionally affected by other environmental factors. Combining early vegetation control along with shelterwood treatments appears to provide the optimum environment for establishing white spruce.

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