ROOT EXPOSURE OF WHITE SPRUCE NURSERY STOCK

1967 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Root Exposure

Two lots of 2-0 white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in soil blocks were brought into the greenhouse in February. The first lot, called "active" was left in the greenhouse for 10 days before transplanting. The second lot, called "dormant" was left in the greenhouse for 3 days before transplanting. The seedlings were then washed from the soil, graded, and exposed to the air on nets, some in the greenhouse, some in an adjacent laboratory. The exposure varied from 0 (immediate planting), to ½, 1, 1½, 2 and 2½ hours. After planting, the seedlings were grown in the greenhouse for four months, then removed from the soil and measured.The results showed greater mortality from root exposure of the "active" seedlings. The mortality increased with the length of exposure. Growth also was inhibited most within the "active" stock. However, growth was reduced even in the "dormant" stock by root exposures of ½ hour or longer. Differences due to location in greenhouse or laboratory during root exposure were not significant.

Some effects of root dipping, root exposure and extended planting dates with white spruce

1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Considerable Reduction ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Root Exposure ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Planting Season

In 1967 a planting experiment was initiated at Midhurst Nursery with 3-0 white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) to examine the effects of dipping the roots in water immediately on lifting, and of exposure of roots to air for periods of up to 3 hours. Weekly liftings and (same day) plantings were used. The corresponding controls (minimum exposure) were an example of fresh-lift, quick-plant procedure through and extending the normal planting season for this area and species. The results were examined in terms of second-year survival percentages and terminal growth.A all times of lifting and planting, dipping was beneficial to survival (83.5 ± 4.7% dipped, 77.2 ± 7.0% non-dipped) and to terminal growth (9.46 ± 0.42 cm dipped, 9.0 ± 0.42 cm non-dipped).Increased time of exposure of roots caused considerable reduction in survival and growth. On the one rainy day of planting there was little adverse effect from exposure. The extended planting season showed that although survival was reasonable, there was an indication of the inhibition of terminal growth as the season progressed.

Bud morphogenesis of white spruce Picea glauca seedlings in a uniform environment

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1569-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. W. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Dormant Bud ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Needle Primordia

Differences in height growth occurring between provenances of white spruce are associated with variation in number of needle primordia formed in the dormant bud. The number is influenced by seasonal pattern of initiation. This investigation sought to establish whether normal morphogenesis could proceed in a constant environment, and whether provenance variation would be expressed in the absence of seasonal changes. Bud development was induced in five provenances of white spruce by subjecting 1st-year seedlings to short photoperiods. Developing buds were sampled at 3-week intervals over a period of 12 weeks. Throughout this time, photoperiod was kept at 8 h; temperature was constant at 22.5 °C (72.5 °F). Observations revealed a morphogenetic pattern comparable with that of buds in older, field-grown trees. Needle initiation on the primordial shoot ceased 6 to 12 weeks after the inception of bud development. The inferred endogenous control of bud development and its effect on shoot growth was influenced genetically, with significant differences in needle initiation occurring among the provenances. Differences in bud development may allow early selection for fast growth and hardiness in this species. The results of this investigation identify the period immediately after shoot growth as critical for subsequent growth of nursery stock.

ROOT PRUNING OF NURSERY STOCK

1966 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Survival And Growth

In the fall of 1958, an experiment was begun at Midhurst Nursery to study the effects of root pruning at different stages of growth and at two depths, on 3-0 stock of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Root pruning was done by undercutting broadcast-sown seedbeds at two inch and four inch depths; in the fall as 2-0 (Sept. 16, 1958), in the spring at start of growth (April 30, 1959), during flush of growth (May 28, 1959) and towards end of terminal growth (June 25,1959).Seedbed counts were taken before lifting, in fall 1959, to study mortality. Random samples were taken on date of lifting (Sept. 17, 1959), for laboratory measurements to study effects on seedlings size. Other random samples were planted in experimental designs at Larose Forest. Counts of survival, and measurements of terminal growth were taken at the first, third and fifth year after planting.Results showed no mortality in the nursery but that all root pruning reduced height growth. Root pruning of white spruce after the flush of growth (June 25) increased survival and growth after outplanting, over that of unpruned stock. None of the treatments increased survival or growth of white pine. Depth of root pruning had no significant effect.

WHITE SPRUCE AND THE SPRUCE BUDWORM: DEFINING THE PHENOLOGICAL WINDOW OF SUSCEPTIBILITY

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Lawrence ◽  
William J. Mattson ◽  
Robert A. Haack
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Foliar Traits

AbstractSynchrony of insect and host tree phenologies has often been suggested as an important factor influencing the susceptibility of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and other hosts to the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). We evaluated this hypothesis by caging several cohorts of spruce budworm larvae on three white spruce populations at different phenological stages of the host trees, and then comparing budworm performance with host phenology and variation of 13 foliar traits. The beginning of the phenological window of susceptibility in white spruce occurs several weeks prior to budbreak, and the end of the window is sharply defined by the end of shoot growth. Performance was high for the earliest budworm cohorts that we tested. These larvae began feeding 3–4 weeks prior to budbreak and completed their larval development prior to the end of shoot elongation. Optimal synchrony occurred when emergence preceded budbreak by about 2 weeks. Larval survival was greater than 60% for individuals starting development 1–3 weeks prior to budbreak, but decreased to less than 10% for those starting development 2 or more weeks after budbreak and thus completing development after shoot elongation ceased. High performance by the budworm was most strongly correlated with high levels of foliar nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, copper, sugars, and water and low levels of foliar calcium, phenolics, and toughness. These results suggest that advancing the usual phenological window of white spruce (i.e. advancing budbreak prior to larval emergence) or retarding budworm phenology can have a large negative effect on the spruce budworm’s population dynamics.

A new endoconidial black meristematic genus, Atramixtia, associated with declining white spruce and phylogenetically allied to a lineage of dothidealean conifer pathogens

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tsuneda ◽  
M.L. Davey ◽  
R.S. Currah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Natural Substrate ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Granular Matrix ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

An endoconidial, black meristematic taxon Atramixtia arboricola gen. et. sp. nov. (Dothideales) from the black subicula found on twigs of declining white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, in Alberta is described. It is morphologically distinguishable from other endoconidial taxa by the conidioma composed of clumps of endoconidial conidiogenous cells, scattered meristematically dividing cells, dematiaceous hyphae, abundant brown, granular matrix materials, and sometimes plant tissue. Endoconidia also occur in conidiogenous cellular clumps that are not organized into a conidioma but develop directly from stromatic cells on the bark. In culture, it forms similar endoconidial conidiomata and also a mycelial, blastic synanamorph that superficially resembles Hormonema . Atramixtia arboricola is a member of the Dothideales and shows phylogenetic affinities to a clade of conifer-stem and -needle pathogens, including Sydowia and Delphinella , although no teleomorph was found either on the natural substrate or in culture. It has not been determined whether A. arboricola is pathogenic to its host, but the occurrence of abundant intracellular hyphae in the host periderm suggests that the fungus is at least parasitic.

Soil carbon sequestration with forest expansion in an arctic forest–tundra landscape

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1538-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Steltzer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Forest Expansion ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Pools ◽  
Sampling Locations

Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools were measured under the canopy of 29 white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) trees and in the surrounding tundra 3 and 6 m away from each tree at three sites of recent forest expansion along the Agashashok River in northwestern Alaska. The aim was to characterize the potential for forest expansion to lead to increased soil C pools across diverse tundra types. Soil C beneath the trees correlated positively with tree age, suggesting that tree establishment has led to C storage in the soils under their canopy at a rate of 18.5 ± 4.6 g C·m–2·year–1. Soil C in the surrounding tundra did not differ from those under the trees and showed no relationship to tree age. This characterization of the soil C pools at the 3-m scale strengthens the assertion that the pattern associated with the trees is an effect of the trees, because tree age cannot explain variation among tundra sampling locations at this scale. Potential mechanisms by which these white spruce trees could increase soil C pools include greater production and lower litter quality.

Radial Growth Decline of White Spruce (Picea glauca) During Hot Summers without Drought: Preliminary Results from a Study Site South of a Boreal Forest Border

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Lapenis ◽  
George Robinson ◽  
Gregory B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Central New York ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Hot Days

Here we investigate the possible<sup></sup> future response of white spruce (Picea glauca) to a warmer climate by studying trees planted 90 years ago near the southern limit of their climate tolerance in central New York, 300 km south of the boreal forest where this species is prevalent. We employed high-frequency recording dendrometers to determine radial growth phenology of six mature white spruce trees during 2013-2017. Results demonstrate significant reductions in the length of radial growth periods inversely proportional to the number of hot days with air temperature exceeding 30 oC. During years with very hot summers, the start of radial growth began about 3 days earlier than the 2013-2017 average. However, in those same years the end of radial growth was also about 17 days earlier resulting in a shorter (70 versus 100 day), radial growth season. Abundant (350-500 mm) summer precipitation, which resulted in soil moisture values of 20-30% allowed us to dismiss drought as a factor. Instead, a likely cause of reduced radial growth was mean temperature that exceeded daily average of 30<sup> o</sup>C that lead to photoinhibition.

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