scholarly journals Economic Diversification in GCC Economies: A Heaven for Investors

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humoud Almutairi
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Activity Budget ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The World ◽  
Hydro Carbon

<p>Investors all over the world strive to a heaven for their investments. Strong economies tend to be the most desirable place for investments of all types. As one indicator of stable economies is the economic diversification, this study analyses and highlights improvements in economies of GCC as they strive to move beyond oil and petroleum sectors; grabbing attention of acute investors and global businesses and almost being in noticeable par with the seven largest emerging economies (the E7) that has monopolized the limelight.</p><p>Economic diversification of GCC Economies is analyzed by indirect approaches of measuring dependence of economic activity, budget and external accounts of productions and revenues generated by hydrocarbon sector and non-hydrocarbon sectors.</p><p>Non-Oil growth in GCC is expected to be around 8% in the next 10 years (PwC Middle East Projections, 2013). A number of additional factors like politic stability, macro-economic reform and modernization, enhancement of private sector competitiveness that enhances growth have been noticeable in the GCC. For eg; UAE, Saudi Arabia and Qatar have the least demanding tax framework globally retaining top three positions in overall tax ranking (World Bank and PwC, 2014). In addition to the mentioned, building up of skills in the region by expats and nationals alike creates a huge opportunity, almost at par with the E7 marketing economies.</p><p>The author has cross checked observations based on Figures, tables and analysis with all publically available resources. Authorities like the IMF, the IIF, Central Bank reports and BNP Paribhas findings have been used for conclusions and generation of findings.</p><p>The inference is that GCC Economies have started to diversify from Hydro Carbon sectors at a slow, but steady pace due to depleting resources in various GCC states and Competition from various other countries in eth same field; creating an economic environment for investors and a huge pool of Job Opportunities in the future.</p><p>All data and Figures are taken with reference to publications from IMF, IIF, Central Banks and BNP Parabhas.</p>

USE OF THE WORLD EXPERIENCE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Natalia Tretyak ◽  
Olga Kalenska
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Area Of Application

The article investigates the world experience of public-private partnership in the economic activity of different countries. Different models and forms of contracts of public-private partnership are covered. The link between public-private partnership projects with the country and area of application is noted. The models of public-private partnership proposed by the World Bank for attracting private capital are covered. The main directions of realization of world forms of public-private partnership for Ukraine are proposed for the effective provision of sustainable spatial development, their further adaptation to the realities of our time.

Repercussions of the economic reform policies on the urban poor in Egypt

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali El-Din Abd El-Badee Al-Qosbi
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
International Market ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
Consistent Problem

As a result of empirical data gathered through sociological surveys, the author argues persuasively that Egyptian economic reform policies – largely based on structural readjustment and rehabilitation programmes devised by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank – have adversely affected the most seriously impoverished sectors of Egyptian urban society. The paper examines the correlation between theoretical suppositions of predicted adverse effect on this sector and actual repercussions as evidenced in such indicators as healthcare, sanitation, employment and access to education. While poverty has been a consistent problem and while these policies – which were undertaken in the context of increasing integration into the international market – cannot be blamed for its original occurrence, there is persuasive evidence that they have caused measurable harm, compounded existing inequities and increased the marginalization of Egypt's urban poor who appear to have been among the most adversely affected in the population as a result of the various initiatives.

scholarly journals Money Neutrality, Monetary Aggregates and Machine Learning

Algorithms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Periklis Gogas ◽  
Theophilos Papadimitriou ◽  
Emmanouil Sofianos
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Monetary Aggregates ◽  
Divisia Monetary Aggregates ◽  
Vector Machines ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Run

The issue of whether or not money affects real economic activity (money neutrality) has attracted significant empirical attention over the last five decades. If money is neutral even in the short-run, then monetary policy is ineffective and its role limited. If money matters, it will be able to forecast real economic activity. In this study, we test the traditional simple sum monetary aggregates that are commonly used by central banks all over the world and also the theoretically correct Divisia monetary aggregates proposed by the Barnett Critique (Chrystal and MacDonald, 1994; Belongia and Ireland, 2014), both in three levels of aggregation: M1, M2, and M3. We use them to directionally forecast the Eurocoin index: A monthly index that measures the growth rate of the euro area GDP. The data span from January 2001 to June 2018. The forecasting methodology we employ is support vector machines (SVM) from the area of machine learning. The empirical results show that: (a) The Divisia monetary aggregates outperform the simple sum ones and (b) both monetary aggregates can directionally forecast the Eurocoin index reaching the highest accuracy of 82.05% providing evidence against money neutrality even in the short term.

scholarly journals Transition and modernization

Sociologija ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
Branimir Kristofic
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
General Model ◽  
Development Model ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Transitional Country ◽  
Transitional Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Communist Countries

The fall of the communist orders introduced a problem of the development of these societies and initiated a new wave of modernization theories. At the same time, the ideological proclamation of the victory of neo-liberalism resulted in the inauguration of the neo-liberal development model as the mode of modernization that will include the post-communist countries in the process of globalization. In this context, the World Bank study of the ten-year development of the transitional countries has been analyzed. With the example of Slovenia, as the economically most successful transitional country, it is shown that the study encounters the problem of constructing a general model of the development, which could be applied to all transitional countries. Additionally, it is shown that the World Bank model, as well as classic modernization theories, cannot predict how certain country will react to economic reform. Therefore, an issue of reform support arises as a significant one. Controversy of the neo-liberal modernization model indicates a need for articulating alternative modes of development.

Determinants of credit access of small and medium enterprises in emerging economies: evidence from the World Bank enterprise surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rafael De Freitas Souza ◽  
Patrícia Belfiore ◽  
Nuno Manoel Martins Dias Fouto ◽  
Marco Aur&eacute;lio Dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Paulo Fávero
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Enterprise Surveys ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Introduction: A New Perspective on Reform

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingyi Qian
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Human History ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The U.S

Starting in 1979, China embarked on a profound economic reform that led to a transformation of the country from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. Over the next 37 years, China produced one of the most spectacular growth records in human history. According to the World Bank, in 2015 the nominal GDP of China was nearly $11 trillion, surpassing 60 percent of U.S. nominal GDP. In comparison, China’s nominal GDP in 1978 was only $148 billion, merely 6 percent of that of the U.S. If measured by Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), in 2015 China’s GDP was $19 trillion, larger than the $18 trillion GDP of the U.S., the world’s largest economy in the last 100 years....

scholarly journals Economic Reform, Social Welfare, and Instability: Jordan, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia, 1983–2004

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed El-Said ◽  
Jane Harrigan
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Welfare Provision ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

This article fills an important gap in the literature by exploring the trends in social welfare in four MENA countries that have undertaken extensive economic liberalization programs under the auspices of the IMF and the World Bank — namely, Jordan, Egypt, Tunisia, and Morocco. Studying the experiences of these countries provides an opportunity to enhance the understanding of the link between economic reforms, the level of social welfare provision, and political stability.

Determinants of credit access of small and medium enterprises in emerging economies: evidence from the World Bank enterprise surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Paulo Fávero ◽  
Nuno Manoel Martins Dias Fouto ◽  
Patrícia Belfiore ◽  
Rafael De Freitas Souza
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Enterprise Surveys ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Fed's rate caution unsettles global markets

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Significance Her comments followed the Fed's September 17 decision to keep rates unchanged because of concerns about financial turmoil and economic weakness in emerging markets (EMs). The Fed's dovish decision, although defensible given subdued inflationary pressures, illustrates how economic and financial uncertainties in China are influencing global policymaking. Impacts The future conduct of US monetary policy is leading to sharp divisions within global financial institutions. The IMF and the World Bank urge the Fed to stand pat, while the BIS highlights risks of ultra-loose policies. The Fed's reluctance to raise rates and the related volatility impede the exit from unconventional policies of other major central banks. Sentiment towards EMs will also be hit by domestic vulnerabilities which, in some countries, are more important than external factors.

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