scholarly journals Code-Switching Among Kuwaitis in the Social Context: Attitudes and Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Arwa AlRumaihi
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Bilingual Speaker ◽  
Arabic And English

This paper investigates the Kuwaiti attitudes and code-switching practices between the two most common languages used: Arabic and English. Additionally, it discusses which factors may affect how Kuwaitis code-switch, as well as their attitudes toward this phenomenon. In this study, a qualitative approach was used to collect data by conducting one-on-one interviews with seven participants. The study results showed that four of the seven participants had positive attitudes toward code-switching, whereas the remaining few had either neutral or negative attitudes. The thematic analysis of the qualitative narratives revealed that all of the participants habitually employed code-switching in their social interactions, despite their different attitudes. Being a bilingual speaker is an advantage—it can widen users’ horizons and open new socioeconomic opportunities thanks to globalization and English as a lingua franca. Therefore, parents, teachers, and policymakers are encouraged to work and help create bilingual speakers who are competent users of their mother tongue and their second language, English.

Code-switching attitudes and their effects on acceptability judgment tasks

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Badiola ◽  
Rodrigo Delgado ◽  
Ariane Sande ◽  
Sara Stefanich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Acceptability Judgment

Abstract The present study examines the effects of code-switching (CS) attitudes in Acceptability Judgment Tasks (AJTs) among early Spanish/English bilinguals in the United States. In doing so, we explore whether negative attitudes towards CS result in lower/degraded ratings, and, likewise, whether positive attitudes result in higher acceptability ratings. Fifty Spanish/English bilinguals completed a survey that comprised a linguistic background questionnaire and a set of monolingual and code-switched sentences featuring two sets of stimuli, pro-drop (Sande, 2015) and pronouns (Koronkiewicz, 2014), that they rated on a 1–7 Likert scale; additionally, the survey included a final component that gathered information about the speakers’ attitudes towards CS. The pro-drop and pronouns code-switched stimuli gave rise to a total of four conditions. Results from a Linear Mixed Model revealed that all participants, regardless of attitude, distinguished between all Conditions. Furthermore, an effect for attitude was found for two of the conditions, such that the more positive the attitude, the higher the rating given on the AJT. In fact, these two conditions were composed of the CS structures that were rated higher by participants in Sande (2015) and Koronkiewicz (2014). No effect for attitude was found for CS structures that were rated low in the original studies. Thus, this investigation suggests that the attitudes that bilingual speakers have towards CS play a role in the ratings that they provide in AJTs, but in a manner that highlights, rather than obscures, the rule-governed nature of CS.

scholarly journals Emergency nurses’ attitudes towards the concept of witnessed resuscitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Laura García-Martínez ◽  
Cristóbal Meseguer-Liza
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Emergency Nurses ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Nursing Professionals

ABSTRACT Objective: to review the most relevant evidence on the nurses’ attitudes towards witnessed resuscitation, in the inpatient and out-of-hospital spheres. Method: integrative literature review, covering the period from 2008 till 2015, using the databases PubMed, Lilacs and SciELO; in Spanish, English and Portuguese. The pediatric context was excluded from the study. Results: the synthesis of the data resulted in the inclusion of 10 articles, categorized as: positive attitudes and negative attitudes. Conclusions: discrepancies exist among the nurses from different contexts and geographical regions towards the concept; protocols need to be established for this situation, in view of the advantages evidenced in the literature, for the nursing professionals as well as the relatives. Witnessed resuscitation can represent an opportunity to understand and cope with the rational and irrational in the situation in a shared manner, as well as mitigate or dignify the mourning.

scholarly journals Professors’ and Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes Toward the Use of Code-Switching and Its Function in Academic Classrooms

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Raghad Y. Alkhudair
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Target Language ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Given

This paper aims to determine the usefulness and functions of code-switching in the classroom when used by both lecturers and students. The study was conducted at a Saudi university campus and follows a quantitative approach using sets of questionnaires to collect the data. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Based on the analysis, the given study shows that professors and students consider code-switching from English into Arabic in the classroom as a beneficial instrument in enhancing the learning process. That is because it allows otherwise insurmountable problems for two-way communication in the L2 target language (English) to be overcome. Also, the findings of the current study reveal a range of positive attitudes toward using code-switching in two ways, Saudi-English immersion classrooms. Specifically, the majority of the professors use this technique in certain situations to achieve a better understanding by the students. In the same vein, students in this study show huge acceptance and prove how such a phenomenon has worked as a learning facilitator. It is hoped that the results of this study will be useful for professors and researchers investigating the importance of code-switching in the classroom.

scholarly journals English lexical items in Egyptian Arabic. Code-switching or borrowing?

2017 ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kniaź
Keyword(s):  
Arab World ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Functional Variation ◽  
American University ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Egyptian Arabic ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Arabic And English

The study aims to answer the question of whether lone English items that occur in Arabic-English code-switching are borrowings or code-switches. This is based on empirical data collected at the American University in Cairo. The data were analyzed within the framework of the Matrix Language Frame model. 3443 bilingual projections of complementizer (CP) were investigated. They were divided into two types: (1) CPs with Arabic as the Matrix Language (ML) and (2) CPs with English as the ML. The analysis shows a clear discrepancy between categories of items used in the two types. In Arabic CPs, the most frequently switched category concerns English nouns related to the field of study and academic life as well as Standard Arabic in monolingual discourse. The interviews conducted with the participants in the study revealed that they were mostly used due to the lack of Arabic equivalents at the speakers’ disposal. In English CPs, mainly Arabic conjunctions and discourse markers appear. We claim that this categorial and functional variation between Arabic and English results from the linguistic situation in the Arab world. For bilingual speakers in Arabic diglossic communities, educated in schools with instruction in English and non-proficient in Standard Arabic, English items are the only means to communicate in many fields. Such items become part of their mental lexicon and thus should be considered as borrowings even if they are not established loans.

Ursachen für die Entstehung antidemokratischer Haltungen. Ausgewählte quantitative Ergebnisse

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 679-699
Author(s):  
Heinz Stapf-Finé
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Social Question ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Right Wing Populism ◽  
Middle Class People

Zusammenfassung Vor dem Hintergrund einer zunehmenden Politikverdrossenheit und des aufkommenden Rechtspopulismus werden mögliche Ursachen der Entstehung antidemokratischer Haltungen überprüft. Vorgestellt werden quantitative Befunde einer empirischen Überprüfung im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts im Berliner Bezirk Marzahn-Hellersdorf. Hinsichtlich soziodemografischer Daten entsprechen die Befunde den Erwartungen: Menschen, die der Demokratie distanziert gegenüberstehen, haben häufiger Erfahrungen mit Arbeitslosigkeit im Vergleich mit Zufriedenen. Gleichgültigkeit und Distanz gegenüber der Demokratie ist eher bei Menschen mit niedrigen Bildungsabschlüssen zu finden. Bei Gutverdienern und der Mittelschicht überwiegen eindeutig positive Grundhaltungen gegenüber der Demokratie, bei Geringverdienern halten sich positive und negative Haltungen nur noch die Waage. Insofern muss die soziale Frage in der politischen Debatte wieder auf die Tagesordnung. Überraschend sind die Befunde hinsichtlich autoritärer Haltungen und menschenfeindlicher Einstellungen: es sind nicht die Demokratie-Distanzierten, sondern eher die Unpolitischen, welche solche Haltungen an den Tag legen. Daraus ergeben sich wichtige (sozial-)politische Befunde für die Praxis und die politische Bildung. Abstract: Causes for the Development of Antidemocratic Attitudes. Selected Quantitative Findings On the background of increasing disenchantment in politics and increasing right wing populism possible causes for antidemocratic attitudes are examined. In the paper quantitative findings of an empirical research project in the Berlin district of Marzahn-Hellersdorf are presented regarding the causes of such attitudes. Concerning socio-demographical factors the results correspond with the expectations. People that are distant towards democracy have more experiences with unemployment as compared with people that are satisfied with democracy. Indifference or distance towards democracy can more often be found among people with a lower educational level. Among higher earners and middle-class people positive attitudes towards democracy prevail. Poor earners are split in positive and negative attitudes towards democracy. These findings underline the neeed that the social question must get more importance in political discussions. Surprising were the findings concerning authoritarian and inhumane (racist) attitudes: it is less the democracy distant and to a much bigger extent the unpolitical people that are prone to such attitudes. This implies important findings for practical (social) politics and for civic education.

When Private Reporting Is More Positive Than Public Reporting

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-162
Author(s):  
Garrett L. Strosser ◽  
Peter K. Jonason ◽  
Robert Lawson ◽  
Ashley N. Reid ◽  
Alex W. Vittum-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Pluralistic Ignorance ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Public Scrutiny ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Across three studies, we assessed the impact of perceived social norms on attitudes and positive behavioral intentions towards atheists and religious believers. Reported attitudes, reported acceptability of expressing positive and negative attitudes, and reported positive behavioral intentions disproportionately favored religious believers over atheists. However, participants reported a higher likelihood of engaging in positive behaviors towards atheists when the threat of public scrutiny was limited, indicating that the social norm in the US may be suppressing privately held, positive behavioral intentions that would otherwise support atheists, creating a state of pluralistic ignorance. Individuals also reported having more positive attitudes and a higher level of positive behavioral intentions towards religious believers relative to others. Finally, estimates of the prevalence of religious believers in the population also tied directly to one’s perception of the acceptability of expressing positive and negative attitudes towards these groups.

BAHASA DI LINTAS BATAS: KAJIAN AKOMODASI KOMUNIKASI MASYARAKAT PERBATASAN INDONESIA-TIMOR LESTE [Cross-border Language: a Study of Communication Accomodation in Indonesian-Timor Leste Border Community]

TOTOBUANG ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Retno Handayani ◽  
Inayatusshalihah
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Local People ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Language Choices ◽  
Border Community ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Timor Leste

The RI-RDTL border community in the Motamasin (Metamauk-Salele) cross-border post consists of local people and migrants from the Timor Leste. Although the ethnic group languages used are generally the same, there are absorbing elements from other languages that distinguish them. This paper examines how communication between these two groups works. The study includes community attitudes and language choices used in their daily communication. The study showes that the percentage index of respondents' interpretations of the questions regarding attitudes towards mother tongue lies on a scale of 61–80. This shows the tendency of positive attitudes toward their mother tongue, while attitudes toward other languages range on a scale of 0–40 which shows the tendency of negative attitudes. This tendency influences the use and choiceof daily language. Local people tend to use mother tongue with their ethnic groups and  migrant communities from Timor Leste. Likewise, migrants from East Timor. However, they tend to use local language when they comunicate with  local people. Mother tongue language is only used with their fellow from Timor LesteMasyarakat perbatasan Republik Indonesia-Republik Demokratik Timur Leste (RDTL) di bagian pos lintas batas Motamasin (Metamauk-Salele) terdiri atas masyarakat lokal dan masyarakat pendatang (eks pengungsi) dari Timor Leste. Meskipun bahasa kelompok etnis yang digunakan pada umumnya sama, ada unsur-unsur serapan dari bahasa daerah lain yang membedakannya. Tulisan ini mengkaji bagaimana komunikasi antara dua kelompok masyarakat tersebut. Kajian mencakup sikap masyakarat dan pilihan bahasa yang digunakan oleh masyarakat lokal dan masyarakat pendatang di pos lintas batas Motamasin dalam komunikasi sehari-hari.  Dalam kajian ini ditemukan bahwa indeks persentase interpretasi responden terhadap butir tanyaan yang berkenaan dengan sikap terhadap bahasa ibu terletak pada skala 61–80. Hal ini menunjukkan kecenderungan sikap positif masyarakat terhadap bahasa ibu di perbatasan RI-RDTL, sedangkan sikap bahasa masyarakat lokal terhadap bahasa daerah lain berkisar pada skala 0–40 yang menunjukkan kecenderungan sikap negatif. Kecenderungan ini memmengaruhi penggunaan dan pilihan bahasa sehari-hari. Masyarakat lokal cenderung menggunakan bahasa ibu dengan kelompok etnisnya dan  masyarakat pendatang dari Timor Leste. Demikian pula dengan masyarakat pendatang dari Timor Leste yang cenderung menggunakan bahasa lokal jika berbicara dengan masyarakat lokal. Sementara itu, bahasa ibu digunakan dengan sesama penutur dari Timor Leste.  

scholarly journals MODERNISASI PENDIDIKAN: POTRET DINAMIKA SOSIAL PENDIDIKAN PESANTREN DALAM NOVEL NEGERI 5 MENARA KARYA AHMAD FUADI

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Naeli Wardani ◽  
Heru S.P. Saputra ◽  
Sunarti Mustamar
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Education System ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Social Function ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Cover Up

This research discusses the pesantren (Islamic boarding school) education system's reflection in the novel entitled Negeri 5 Menara. The research method used is qualitative in the sociology of literature approach. It is used to cover up the author's social context, literature as a reflection of society, and literature's social function. The study results in the author's social context show that author creativity is motivated by the author's experience and social construction of the author's ideology. In literature as a reflection of society, it described some similarities are found between Pondok Madani and Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor (PMDG) in implementing a modern education system. It shows that the novel is a representation of social conditions. Modernity in the education system at the pesantren includes jasus [spy], the strict of time discipline, discipline in dress, mudhaharah (speech in three languages), memorization of Arabic vocabulary, use of foreign languages (Arabic and English), a system of admission with selection, and extracurricular activities. In the social function of literature, there are several responses from readers in assessing the novel Negeri 5 Menara's benefits. The author's contribution in giving a message to readers is focused on the function of socio-educationalism.

scholarly journals Functions and Frequency of Using Code-switching in CLIL Lesson (Case Study, teaching Math (CLIL) in the private school, Tbilisi)

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-231
Author(s):  
Khatuna Buskivadze ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Private School ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Educational Discourse ◽  
Teaching Math ◽  
Case Study Teaching

The aim of the present study is to investigate the sociolinguistic functions and frequency of Teacher’s Code Switching (CS) in the content and language integrated (CLIL) Lesson. Furthermore, our purpose is to reveal students’ and teacher’s attitudes towards teacher’s code-switching in CLIL lesson. After a brief review of the literature concerning CLIL and the issue of code-switching the case study of teaching Math (Educational discourse) in one of the private schools in Tbilisi will be outlined as data, gathered by means of anonymous questionnaires, which were administered among students in the abovementioned Math classes. Moreover, the qualitative research aims to single out the number of teacher’s CS examples and analyze the interview with math’s teacher. The results show that there are 36 cases of teacher using L1 (Georgian) in 10 lessons (9 hours). Math’s teacher’s CS behavior mostly serves (1) the conversational function of interjection; (2) the classroom functions of introducing unfamiliar materials and topics, explaining difficult concepts, maintaining classroom discipline and the structure of the lesson; The teacher and 13 students have negative attitudes towards using only Georgian in teaching Math’s. The higher level of English the students have the more negative is attitude towards using Georgian in the classroom. Although all the students were Georgian, their competence in English is almost as high as in their mother tongue, therefore they consider English as an inseparable part of their identities.

scholarly journals The preacher's vulnerable attitudes in naming reality in a neglected society

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdi P. Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Practical Theology ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Communicative Acts ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pastoral Letters ◽  
Vantage Points

Ecclesiastical studies seem to reveal that the praxis of preaching is often confronted with a stumbling block in the negative attitudes of preachers despite their good intentions and the interdependence between prayer and preaching. In naming reality in society, it seems to be important that preachers first of all examine their own attitudes regarding their hearers and reality in society. In light of this problematic praxis, the research question is: To what extent do preachers with positive attitudes equip their hearers by means of a dialogue to listen profoundly to the content of preaching when the preaching names realities in society? In order to address this research question, the problem is investigated from the present practicaltheological vantage points in the field. The matter is further explored by examining metatheoretical perspectives from the fields of Social Psychology and Communication Sciences. As part of this process, the author seeks to investigate the difficult process of the formation and manifestation of attitudes in behaviour. An investigation into normative vantage points, perspectives from II Corinthians 5 and the Pastoral Letters, indicate that the message and the way in which preachers deliver their sermons are important. The conclusion poses that negative attitudes are indeed dangerous when it forms part of this ecclesiastical praxis and can even cause hearers to abandon all intent to be salt and light in society. Preachers must utilise dialogue in preparation for their sermons. They must focus on the dialogical nature of preaching in the context of the liturgy and must make time to stimulate feedback after they have delivered their sermons to make sure that hearers understand their calling in society. Congregations must become communities that live founded in profound communication.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article recognises the interdisciplinary approach to the social sciences. In Practical Theology, research focuses on communicative acts which bring the field into an overlap with other sciences that have the same focus. This article briefly focuses on an interdisciplinary discourse with the fields of Social Psychology and Communication Sciences regarding the forming and functioning of attitudes, which can possibly influence the sermon delivery of preachers. This article addresses the issue of naming reality in society. In this process, the naming of the attitude of the preacher is very important.

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