scholarly journals History of sacral neuromodulation in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy B. Gajewski ◽  
Magdy M. Hassouna ◽  
Jacques Corcos ◽  
Gary J. Gray ◽  
Le Mai Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Sacral Neuromodulation ◽  
Implantation Technique ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multicenter Clinical Trials

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has been used for the past 30 years, with significant improvements in the implantation technique and technological advances over the last several years. Canadian centers were involved with this technique from the beginning by participating in several multicenter clinical trials and engaging in basic and clinical research. Presently, six Canadian centers continue to have SNM implantation programs.

Historical Instruments for the Modern Sinus Surgeon

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Sabrina A. Brody-Camp ◽  
Dane A. Weinert ◽  
Edward D. McCoul
Keyword(s):  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Instruments

Background Despite a proliferation of technological advances in sinonasal surgery, “cold steel” instruments still comprise the core of the sinus surgeon’s tools of the trade. Many of these implements retain eponyms that recall the legacies of prominent surgeons of the past. Objective This review aims to familiarize the reader with the lives of 10 men who designed and popularized some of the most recognizable sinus instruments, without which the practice of rhinologic surgery would be unrecognizable. Results Ten individuals whose inventions are still used to this day and retain their names: Hartmann, Killian, Freer, Blakesley, Weil, Frazier, Grünwald, Hajek, Takahashi, and Cottle. Conclusion Review of the history of these instruments helps demonstrate how sinus surgery has evolved to where it is today. The men described in this review transformed the practice of rhinologic surgery with their ingenuity and perseverance.

The historical evolution of transsphenoidal surgery: facilitation by technological advances

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. E8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chirag D. Gandhi ◽  
Lana D. Christiano ◽  
Jean Anderson Eloy ◽  
Charles J. Prestigiacomo ◽  
Kalmon D. Post
Keyword(s):  
Transsphenoidal Surgery ◽  
Intraoperative Imaging ◽  
Pituitary Surgery ◽  
Early History ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Surgical Microscope ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
History Of

Over the past century, pituitary surgery has undergone multiple evolutions in surgical technique and technological advancements that have resulted in what practitioners now recognize as modern transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). Although the procedure is now well established in current neurosurgical literature, the historical maze that led to its development continues to be of interest because it allows a better appreciation of the unique contributions by the pioneers of the technique, and of the innovative spirit that continues to fuel neurosurgery. The early events in the history of TSS have already been well documented. This paper therefore summarizes the major early transitions along the timeline, and then further concentrates on some of the more recent advancements in TSS, such as the surgical microscope, fluoroscopy, endoscopy, intraoperative imaging, and frameless guidance. The account of each of these innovations is unique because they were each developed as a response to certain historical needs by the surgeon. An understanding of these more recent contributions, coupled with the early history, provides a more complete perspective on modern TSS.

scholarly journals Trends in US pediatric mental health clinical trials: An analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov from 2007–2018

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248898
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Wortzel ◽  
Brandon E. Turner ◽  
Brannon T. Weeks ◽  
Christopher Fragassi ◽  
Virginia Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Compound Annual Growth Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Pediatric Mental Health

Whereas time trends in the epidemiologic burden of US pediatric mental health disorders are well described, little is known about trends in how these disorders are studied through clinical research. We identified how funding source, disorders studied, treatments studied, and trial design changed over the past decade in US pediatric mental health clinical trials. We identified all US pediatric interventional mental health trials submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov between October 1, 2007 and April 30, 2018 (n = 1,019) and manually characterized disorders and treatments studied. We assessed trial growth and design characteristics by funding source, treatments, and disorders. US pediatric mental health trials grew over the past decade (compound annual growth rate [CAGR] 4.1%). The number of studies funded by industry and US government remained unchanged, whereas studies funded by other sources (e.g., academic medical centers) grew (CAGR 11.3%). Neurodevelopmental disorders comprised the largest proportion of disorders studied, and Non-DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5) conditions was the only disorder category to grow (14.5% to 24.6%; first half to second half of decade). There was significant growth of trials studying non-psycho/pharmacotherapy treatments (33.8% to 49.0%) and a decline in trials studying pharmacotherapies (31.7% to 20.6%), though these trends differed by funding source. There were also notable differences in funding sources and treatments studied within each disorder category. Trials using double blinding declined (26.2% to 18.0%). Limitations include that ClinicalTrials.gov is not an exhaustive list of US clinical trials, and trends identified may in part reflect changes in trial registration rather than changes in clinical research. Nevertheless, ClinicalTrials.gov is among the largest databases available for evaluating trends and patterns in pediatric mental health research that might otherwise remain unassessable. Understanding these trends can guide researchers and funding bodies when considering the trajectory of the field.

Challenges to Conducting Multicenter Clinical Research

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Sharon Y. Irving ◽  
Martha A.Q. Curley
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Multicenter Clinical Trials

Nursing care provided to patients and their families should be based on strong scientific evidence. In the quantitative research paradigm, the highest level of evidence is derived from conclusive randomized controlled clinical trials. Multicenter clinical research allows the accrual of sufficient numbers of diverse participants in a shorter period of time and improves the generalizability of the study findings. Clinical research is inherently complex; the complexity exponentially increases when conducting multicenter clinical trials. Investigators are challenged to maintain the internal validity of the study and the sustained commitment and collaboration of numerous disciplines over the study period. This article presents 10 essential points to consider when conducting multicenter clinical research.

Databases in MS research: pitfalls and promises

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian G Weinshenker
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Patient Information ◽  
Interferon Beta ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

A database is an organized repository of data. Prospective collection of patient information in a database (`databasing') has been attempted by a few consortia of MS investigators over the past 10 years. This approach promises to facilitate epidemiologic research in MS and investigation of the natural history of the disease and how it might be altered by long-term treatments such as interferon beta. Databasing has some advantages over clinical trials in assessing new therapies, primarily because the focus is on long-term effectiveness in an entire population rather than short-term statistical significance in a highly selected population. The limitations of databasing and strategies to overcome these limitations are addressed.

scholarly journals Rett Syndrome: Coming to Terms with Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Percy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Consortium ◽  
Science Investigations ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Important Progress

Rett syndrome (RTT) has experienced remarkable progress over the past three decades since emerging as a disorder of worldwide proportions, particularly with discovery of the linkage of RTT to MECP2 mutations. The advances in clinical research and the increasing pace of basic science investigations have accelerated the pattern of discovery and understanding. Clinical trials are ongoing and others are planned. A review of these events and the prospects for continued success are highlighted below. The girls and women encountered today with RTT are, overall, in better general, neurologic, and behavioral health than those encountered earlier. This represents important progress worldwide from the concerted efforts of a broadly based and diverse clinical and basic research consortium as well as the efforts of parents, family, and friends.

Psychopathology of Catatonic Speech Disorders and the Dilemma of Catatonia: A Selective Review

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor S. Ungvari ◽  
Erica White ◽  
Alfred H.T. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
English Language ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Selective Review ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
History Of

Objective: Over the past decade there has been an upsurge of interest in the prevalence, nosological position, treatment response and pathophysiology of catatonia. However, the psychopathology of catatonia has received only scant attention. Once the hallmark of catatonia, speech disorders — particularly logorrhoea, verbigeration and echolalia — seem to have been neglected in modern literature. The aims of the present paper are to outline the conceptual history of catatonic speech disorders and to follow their development in contemporary clinical research. Method: The English-language psychiatric literature for the last 60 years on logorrhoea, verbigeration and echolalia was searched through Medline and cross-referencing. Kahlbaum, Wernicke, Jaspers, Kraepelin, Bleuler, Kleist and Leonhard's oft cited classical texts supplemented the search. Results: In contrast to classical psychopathological sources, very few recent papers were found on catatonic speech disorders. Current clinical research failed to incorporate the observations of traditional descriptive psychopathology. Conclusions: Modern catatonia research operates with simplified versions of psychopathological terms devised and refined by generations of classical writers.

scholarly journals Bibliometric analysis on randomized controlled trials of colorectal cancer over the last decade

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-hong Hu ◽  
Chen-Yu Wang ◽  
Shi-Can Zhou ◽  
Xing-Wang Li ◽  
Bing-Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surgical Methods

Abstract Background The aim of this bibliometric analysis was to evaluate the clinical trials of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of colorectal cancer all the world over the past decade. Methods The PubMed and Web of Science database were searched to obtain a randomized controlled trial of colorectal cancer from January 1, 2008 to January 1, 2018.The included literatures were analyzed with the bibliometric analysis. Results In the past 10 years, Randomized controlled trials of colorectal cancer have shown an upward trend; Most of the top ten research institutions in the literature are from the USA, the UK and other regions which has the high incidence of colorectal cancer; Most of the related research journals are also sponsored by European and American countries; the frequently cited top 15 literatures are mostly international multi-center clinical research, and there are fewer participants in Chinese research institutions. By keyword co-occurrence, colorectal cancer research mostly involves screening, disease-free survival, drug treatment, surgical methods, clinical trials, quality of life and prognosis; The results of the co-authorship network analysis show that Chinese researchers are less involved in international cooperation. Conclusions High-quality randomized controlled trials are increasingly favored by top international journals. However, there is still a large gap in clinical research between China and abroad. Researchers should gradually implement the standardization and accuracy of clinical trials, strengthen international multi-center cooperation and emphasize quality control.

scholarly journals COVID-19 challenges in clinical trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Murugan Panchatcharam ◽  
Sravanthi Lakshmi Mukku
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
One Year ◽  
Research Organisations ◽  
Contract Research Organisations

Clinical research involves working with human subjects to answer questions relevant to their well-being in an ethical manner. The current scenario from the past one year has drastically changed the face of the clinical trials. The present COVID prevalence and simultaneously conducting the research with all the regulations and the precautions has been the difficult task for the contract research organisations (CRO).

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Modern Cosmology

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Modern Cosmology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Symbiotic Relation ◽  
The Universe

Although some of the observational and conceptual roots of modern cosmology can be traced back to the nineteenth century, it was only in the twentieth century that the study of the universe as a whole emerged as a genuine physical science. The development through the twentieth and now well into the twenty-first century has been far from smooth, but in spite of a number of false trails it has been tremendously fruitful and surprisingly successful scientifically. The volume presents a comprehensive overview of the development of cosmology from about 1860 to the most recent discoveries. It describes and explains the historical background to what we know about the universe today and what people in the past thought they knew about the universe, starting with the first observations of spiral nebulae and ending with the discovery of gravitational waves. The book is organized into thirteen roughly chronologically ordered chapters, some focusing on theory and others more on observations and technological advances. A few of the chapters are of a more general nature, relating to larger contexts such as politics, philosophy and religious world views. The chapters are written by eight different authors, some of whom are astrophysicists or cosmologists while others have backgrounds in the history and philosophy of science. Each chapter can be read separately but also has a symbiotic relation with the other chapters. As a result, the book describes the history of modern cosmology coherently, comprehensively and with ample references to the relevant sources.

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