scholarly journals The use of TPA in combination with alcohol in the treatment of the recurrent complex hydrocele

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Michael Joseph Metcalfe ◽  
Rebecca J. Spouge ◽  
David J. Spouge ◽  
Christopher Campbell Hoag
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Serous Fluid ◽  
Tunica Vaginalis ◽  
Catheter Drainage ◽  
Alcohol Ablation ◽  
Scrotal Swelling ◽  
Inguinal Surgery

A hydrocele is an abnormal collection of serous fluid in the space between the parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis. Hydrocele is the most common cause of painless scrotal swelling which affects about 1% of men. Generally, adult hydroceles are idiopathic in origin; however, inguinal surgery, varicocelectomy, infection, trauma and a patent processus vaginalis are each associated with the subsequent development of a hydrocele. Surgical removal of hydroceles is the gold standard of care. However, multiple cases have reported high success rates (ranging from 85% to 96%) using a combination of aspiration and sclerotherapy. We present a case of a patient with recurring complex hydrocele and effective treatment utilizing a combination of thrombolytic therapy, catheter drainage and subsequent alcohol ablation.

Could alcohol ablation become the standard of care for benign insulinomas?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Mazarico ◽  
David Subias ◽  
Felix Junquera ◽  
Carme Vilardell ◽  
Ignasi Saigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Alcohol Ablation

scholarly journals Immunocompetent Mouse Models in the Search for Effective Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Roxanne Wouters ◽  
Sien Bevers ◽  
Matteo Riva ◽  
Frederik De Smet ◽  
An Coosemans
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Immunocompetent Mouse ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Effective Immune Response ◽  
Radio Chemotherapy

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive intrinsic brain tumor in adults. Despite maximal therapy consisting of surgery and radio/chemotherapy, GBM remains largely incurable with a median survival of less than 15 months. GBM has a strong immunosuppressive nature with a multitude of tumor and microenvironment (TME) derived factors that prohibit an effective immune response. To date, all clinical trials failed to provide lasting clinical efficacy, despite the relatively high success rates of preclinical studies to show effectivity of immunotherapy. Various factors may explain this discrepancy, including the inability of a single mouse model to fully recapitulate the complexity and heterogeneity of GBM. It is therefore critical to understand the features and limitations of each model, which should probably be combined to grab the full spectrum of the disease. In this review, we summarize the available knowledge concerning immune composition, stem cell characteristics and response to standard-of-care and immunotherapeutics for the most commonly available immunocompetent mouse models of GBM.

scholarly journals Scrotal Swelling and Testicular Atrophy due to Schistosomiasis in a 9-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Peter F. Rambau ◽  
Alphonce Chandika ◽  
Philipo L. Chalya ◽  
Kahima Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Bloody Stool ◽  
Scrotal Pain ◽  
Scrotal Swelling

Schistosomiasis is a communicable disease which commonly involves urinary bladder causing hematuria, or large bowel causing bloody stool. The common species encountered in this lake region surrounding Lake Victoria in Tanzania areSchistosoma haematobiumandSchistosoma mansoni. Complications can lead to portal hypertension due portal fibrosis in liver, and fibrosis in lung can lead to pulmonary hypertension; this commonly seen withS. mansoni. Major complications ofS. maeametobiumare chronic cystitis with squamous metaplasia with subsequent development of squamous cell carcinoma. Involvement of spinal cord causing paraplegia has been observed inS. haematobium. Other unusual pathology of schistosomiasis has been described, such as involvement of the appendix, ovary, prostate, and cervix. Here, we present a case of schistosomiasis in a 9-year-old boy who presented with left scrotal pain for one year which was accompanied by scrotal swelling; surgical exploration was done, and the finding was hydrocele and atrophic testes with nodules on the surface. Histological examination reveals atrophic testis and heavy active granulomatous inflammation with schistosoma eggs consistent withSchistosoma haematobiumin the tunica vaginalis.

Fertility considerations prior to conservative management of gynecologic cancers

2020 ◽  
pp. ijgc-2020-001783
Author(s):  
Katherine Stewart ◽  
Sukhkamal Campbell ◽  
Michael Frumovitz ◽  
Pedro T Ramirez ◽  
Laurie J McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Gynecologic Cancers ◽  
Treatment Algorithms ◽  
Fertility Sparing ◽  
Fertility Potential ◽  
Oncologic Treatment

Fertility-sparing management of early-stage gynecologic cancers is becoming more prevalent as increasing evidence demonstrates acceptable oncologic and reproductive outcomes in appropriately selected patients. However, in the absence of randomized controlled trials, most of the commonly used treatment algorithms are based only on observational studies. As women are increasingly postponing childbearing, the need for evidence-based guidance on the optimal selection of appropriate candidates for fertility-sparing therapies is paramount. It is imperative to seriously consider the fertility potential of a given individual prior to making major oncologic treatment decisions that may deviate from the accepted standard of care. It is a disservice to patients to undergo a fertility-sparing procedure in hopes of ultimately achieving a live birth, only to determine later they have poor baseline fertility potential or other substantial barriers to conception including excess financial toxicity. Many women with oncologic diagnoses are of advanced maternal age and their obstetric and neonatal risks must be considered. In the era of advanced assisted reproductive technologies, patients should be provided realistic expectations regarding success rates while understanding the potential oncologic perils. A multidisciplinary approach to the conservative treatment of early-stage gynecologic cancers with early referral to reproductive specialists as well as maternal-fetal medicine specialists is warranted. In this review, we discuss the recommended fertility evaluation for patients with newly diagnosed, early-stage gynecologic cancers who are considering fertility-sparing management.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE SCROTAL SWELLING AND RICKETTSIA BODIES TO MEXICAN TYPHUS FEVER

1930 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ruiz Castaneda
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Tunica Vaginalis ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Scrotal Swelling ◽  
Typhus Fever ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The experiments recorded above have demonstrated the following points: 1. Scrotal swelling can appear in guinea pigs directly inoculated from a human case of Mexican typhus fever. 2. In certain strains of this disease, a number of generations of guinea pigs may show absolutely no scrotal swelling, which, however, may reappear in subsequent animals, suggesting—though not absolutely proving—that the scrotal swelling is an integral part of the disease and is not due to an incidental accompanying organism. If the latter were true, one would expect the organisms that caused the scrotal swelling to disappear during the negative generations. 3. A typhus fever sustained by a guinea pig without scrotal swelling protects against the swelling upon subsequent inoculation with a strain which produces this with considerable regularity. 4. Louse passage increases the capacity of a strain to produce the scrotal lesion, probably because of the considerable accumulation of rickettsia in the louse, but in the experiment noted, even after louse passage, two generations without swelling occurred, followed by reoccurrence of the swelling. We believe that these observations, taken together, can be interpreted in favour of the likelihood that the swelling is a part of the disease and that the rickettsia-like organisms described by Mooser in the tunica vaginalis have etiological significance.

scholarly journals Current status of near-total laryngectomy: review

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K D'Cruz ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
P S Pai
Keyword(s):  
Total Laryngectomy ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Primary Surgery ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
Accepted Standard ◽  
Surgical Complexity

AbstractConcurrent chemoradiation is currently the accepted ‘standard of care’ for locally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. However, there is a subset of patients not suitable for chemoradiation, in whom primary surgery is the best option. Speech preservation is of prime importance in these patients. Near-total laryngectomy is a voice-preserving procedure which can be considered as an alternative to total laryngectomy for selected patients with lateralised, locally advanced cancers of the larynx and hypopharynx. Although these patients are left with a permanent tracheostomy, lung-powered speech is maintained by way of a dynamic shunt created from the uninvolved tissues of the larynx. Since its first description in the early 1980s, the procedure has been shown by various authors to be oncologically sound, with high success rates. Unfortunately, the procedure has not gained wide acceptance due to perceived fears of surgical complexity. In this review, we discuss the various issues related to the procedure and we review the relevant literature.

Atypical Fibroxanthoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liurka López ◽  
Román Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Skin Tumor ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma ◽  
Atypical Fibroxanthoma ◽  
Pleomorphic Sarcoma ◽  
Malignant Skin ◽  
Abundant Cytoplasm ◽  
The Difference

Atypical fibroxanthoma is a malignant skin tumor with histologic features similar to those of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, but lacking its more aggressive behavior. The tumor is composed of pleomorphic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and abundant cytoplasm, commonly arranged in a spindle cell pattern. Recent genetic studies have identified similarities between atypical fibroxanthoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, such as the presence of 9p and 13q deletions in both tumors, favoring a common histogenesis. However, the lack of K-ras and H-ras mutations in atypical fibroxanthoma compared with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma could explain the difference in aggressiveness and continued separation of these entities. Exclusion of other neoplasms by histology and immunohistochemistry followed by complete surgical removal remains the standard of care.

scholarly journals Benign Cystic Mesothelioma: A Rare Cause for Scrotal Swelling

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aber ◽  
A. Tahir ◽  
V. Arumuham ◽  
G. Smith ◽  
S. Almpanis
Keyword(s):  
Male Patient ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Tunica Vaginalis ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Scrotal Swelling ◽  
Cystic Mesothelioma

Benign cystic mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis is a rare occurrence. It usually presents with painless gradual swelling in the scrotum. These types of benign mesotheliomas typically occur in the peritoneum and usually affect young to middle-aged patients. We present in this case an unusual case of benign cystic mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis in a 77-year-old male patient.

scholarly journals The Value of Ozone in CT-Guided Drainage of Multiloculated Pyogenic Liver Abscesses: A Randomized Controlled Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Chuan Liu ◽  
Lang Wang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Yong Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Pyogenic Liver Abscess ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Catheter Drainage ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Objective. This study was designed to compare the effects of catheter drainage alone and combined with ozone in the management of multiloculated pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). Methods. The prospective study included 60 patients diagnosed with multiloculated PLA. All patients were randomly divided into two groups: catheter drainage alone (group I) and catheter drainage combined with ozone (group II). Drainage was considered successful when (1) the abscess cavity was drained and (2) clinical symptoms were resolved. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test was used to compare the success rates, length of stay (LOS), and need for further surgery of the two groups. P<0.05 indicates significant difference. Results. All patients’ catheters were successfully placed under CT guidance. Group I was treated with catheters alone and group II was treated with catheters and ozone. The success rates of groups I and II were 86% and 96%, respectively (P<0.05). And compared with group II, the duration of fever in group I was longer (P<0.05), and the LOS was also longer (P<0.05). Conclusion. Catheter drainage combined with ozone is an effective and safe treatment in multiloculated PLA. The Clinical Registration Number is ChiCTR1800014865.

scholarly journals Clinical and Echocardiographic Trends in Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofir Koren ◽  
Asaf Israeli ◽  
Ehud Rozner ◽  
Nassem Darawshy ◽  
Yoav Turgeman
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Mitral Valvuloplasty ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty ◽  
Percutaneous Balloon ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) is the current standard of care for selected patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. We examined trends in patient demographics, Wilkins score and additional echocardiographic characteristics, success rates, and complications over a 30-year period.Methods We conducted a retrospective observational descriptive study. The study population consists of patients hospitalized in intensive cardiac care (ICCU) due to significant symptomatic MS, from January 1990 to May 2019.Results 417 patients who underwent PBMV were eligible. Age did not change significantly over time. Male patients who were smoking and had multiple comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease became more prevalence (p=0.02, p=0.02, p=0.001, p=0.01, p=0.02, and p=0.001 respectively). Wilkins score and all its components increased over time, which was higher in females (p=0.01), and was not correlated with age (p=0.95). Severe leaflets immobility (Grade 4) predicted complications (p=0.03, respectively). Wilkins over 9 successfully predicted the occurrence of complications, conversely, no efficient cutoff was found in the following decades. Wilkins score managed to predict a technically successful procedure (p=0.02), but not complications (p=0.12). Lastly, complication rates did not significantly change over the years.Conclusion Our research covers three decades of experience in PBMV and shows several trends: We see more male patients, who have multiple comorbidities. The Wilkins score increased over the years and was predictive of successful operations as opposed to complications who were predicted mainly by the leaflet mobility index.

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