scholarly journals Scrotal Swelling and Testicular Atrophy due to Schistosomiasis in a 9-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Peter F. Rambau ◽  
Alphonce Chandika ◽  
Philipo L. Chalya ◽  
Kahima Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Bloody Stool ◽  
Scrotal Pain ◽  
Scrotal Swelling

Schistosomiasis is a communicable disease which commonly involves urinary bladder causing hematuria, or large bowel causing bloody stool. The common species encountered in this lake region surrounding Lake Victoria in Tanzania areSchistosoma haematobiumandSchistosoma mansoni. Complications can lead to portal hypertension due portal fibrosis in liver, and fibrosis in lung can lead to pulmonary hypertension; this commonly seen withS. mansoni. Major complications ofS. maeametobiumare chronic cystitis with squamous metaplasia with subsequent development of squamous cell carcinoma. Involvement of spinal cord causing paraplegia has been observed inS. haematobium. Other unusual pathology of schistosomiasis has been described, such as involvement of the appendix, ovary, prostate, and cervix. Here, we present a case of schistosomiasis in a 9-year-old boy who presented with left scrotal pain for one year which was accompanied by scrotal swelling; surgical exploration was done, and the finding was hydrocele and atrophic testes with nodules on the surface. Histological examination reveals atrophic testis and heavy active granulomatous inflammation with schistosoma eggs consistent withSchistosoma haematobiumin the tunica vaginalis.

scholarly journals Effect of Microsurgical Subinguinal Varicocele Repair on Chronic Dull Scrotal Pain in Men with Grade II-III Lesions

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Elzanaty ◽  
Claus E. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Scrotal Pain ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Varicocele Repair

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of microsurgical subinguinal varicocele repair in patients with grade II-III lesions and chronic dull scrotal pain. Materials and Methods: A total of 29 patients with grade II-III varicocele and chronic dull scrotal pain that had a microsurgical subinguinal varicocele repair were included in the study. They were followed-up for 6-12 months including pain assessment and scrotal examination. Results: Of the 29 patients, 28 (97%) reported complete resolution of pain with no palpable varicocele on scrotal examination. No cases of testicular atrophy or hydrocele formation were reported. Conclusion: These results indicated that microsurgical varicocele repair should be considered in patients with grade II-III lesions and chronic dull scrotal pain.

Intermittent Testicular Torsion

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 908-911
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Stillwell ◽  
Stephen A. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Separate Entity ◽  
Scrotal Pain ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Testicular Pain ◽  
Acute Scrotal Pain ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scrotal Swelling ◽  
Physical Findings

Testicular torsion is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in prepubertal and adolescent boys and should be foremost in the minds of primary care physicians evaluating these children. Intermittent testicular torsion is a separate entity that should be considered in all young males with a history of scrotal pain and swelling. Acute and intermittent sharp testicular pain and scrotal swelling, interspersed with long intervals without symptoms, are characteristic. Physical findings may include horizontal or very mobile testes, an anteriorly located epididymis, or bulkiness of the spermatic cord from partial twisting. Awareness of this entity and early elective orchiopexy will improve testicular salvage in patients with intermittent testicular torsion.

Changing the landscape of South Asian migrant health research by advancing second-generation immigrant health needs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahmir H Ali ◽  
Ralph J DiClemente ◽  
Niyati Parekh
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Abstract South Asian immigrants confront a growing non-communicable disease burden, a significant issue in countries such as the USA. While efforts have slowly begun to address South Asian migrant health, second-generation communities remain underserved and understudied despite facing many of the same non-communicable disease concerns. The aim of this commentary is to highlight unique health disparities contributing to the current South Asian migrant health status and identify pathways for further formative research needed to inform subsequent development, implementation, and evaluation of health interventions targeting this community. Extant peer-reviewed literature addressing second-generation South Asian health issues was used to identify key research pathways needed to address existing gaps. Specifically, we call for (a) enhancing targeted surveillance and recruitment in research and (b) collecting data to help characterize behavioral and cultural patterns that may contribute to disease onset and progression. Expanding research on second-generation South Asian migrant health may help to develop tailored and targeted interventions.

scholarly journals Deficits in urological knowledge and skills among family medicine residents in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine J. Redmond ◽  
Sahar Saleem ◽  
Trustin Domes ◽  
Keith F. Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Scrotal Pain ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Urological Procedures ◽  
Scrotal Swelling ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Family Medicine Residents

Introduction: The last 10–15 years has seen a decline in formal undergraduate urological education throughout Canada. Given the large volume of urological presentations in family practice, trainees need to acquire the requisite urological knowledge and skills to serve their patients. The objective of this study is to determine the perceived level of urological knowledge and skills among Canadian family medicine residents. Methods: A 15-item anonymous online survey was distributed via email to all Canadian family medicine program directors from September to December 2018 and distributed to their residents. The survey obtained data on demographics, training, undergraduate urology experience, self-reported proficiency in interpreting urological investigations, performing common urological procedures, and managing common urologic conditions. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 142 family medicine residents with representation from Western Canada (27.5%), Ontario (32.4%), and Quebec (40.1%); 39.4% of respondents had completed a urology rotation during medical school and only 29.1% felt that their medical training prepared them for the urological aspects of family medicine. Although the majority of respondents felt proficient in performing a digital rectal examination (58.5%) or managing urinary tract infections (97.9%), only a minority felt competent in performing male genitourinary examination (40.1%), uncomplicated male (34.5%), female (45.8%) or difficult (9.2%) urethral catheterization. Likewise, the minority of respondents felt comfortable managing erectile dysfunction (41.5%), scrotal swelling (34.7%), and scrotal pain (25.7%). Conclusions: There are significant deficiencies in urological knowledge and skills among family medicine residents in Canada, possibly as a consequence of insufficient educational experiences during medical training.

scholarly journals The use of TPA in combination with alcohol in the treatment of the recurrent complex hydrocele

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Michael Joseph Metcalfe ◽  
Rebecca J. Spouge ◽  
David J. Spouge ◽  
Christopher Campbell Hoag
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Serous Fluid ◽  
Tunica Vaginalis ◽  
Catheter Drainage ◽  
Alcohol Ablation ◽  
Scrotal Swelling ◽  
Inguinal Surgery

A hydrocele is an abnormal collection of serous fluid in the space between the parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis. Hydrocele is the most common cause of painless scrotal swelling which affects about 1% of men. Generally, adult hydroceles are idiopathic in origin; however, inguinal surgery, varicocelectomy, infection, trauma and a patent processus vaginalis are each associated with the subsequent development of a hydrocele. Surgical removal of hydroceles is the gold standard of care. However, multiple cases have reported high success rates (ranging from 85% to 96%) using a combination of aspiration and sclerotherapy. We present a case of a patient with recurring complex hydrocele and effective treatment utilizing a combination of thrombolytic therapy, catheter drainage and subsequent alcohol ablation.

scholarly journals Benign Lesions in Mucosa Adjacent to Intestinal-Type Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Vivanco ◽  
José Luis Llorente ◽  
Jhudit Perez-Escuredo ◽  
César Álvarez Marcos ◽  
Manuel Florentino Fresno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P53 Protein ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Intestinal Type ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Adjacent Mucosa ◽  
Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma

Occupational exposure to wood dust is a strong risk factor for the development of intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC); however, knowledge on possible precursor lesions or biomarkers is limited. Fifty-one samples of tumor-adjacent mucosa and 19 control samples of mucosa from the unaffected fossa of ITAC patients were evaluated for histological changes and p53 protein expression. Mild dysplasia was observed in 14%, cuboidal metaplasia in 57%, intestinal metaplasia in 8%, squamous metaplasia in 24%, and cylindrocellular hyperplasia in 53% of cases. P53 immunopositivity was generally weak occurring most frequently in squamous metaplasia. Wood dust etiology did not appear of influence on the histological changes, but p53 showed a tendency for higher positivity. Dysplasia adjacent to tumor was indicative of subsequent development of recurrence. In conclusion, precursor lesions do occur in mucosa adjacent to ITAC. This is clinically important, because it may justify the screening of high-risk individuals such as woodworkers.

scholarly journals Antegrade Scrotal Sclerotherapy of Internal Spermatic Veins for Varicocele Treatment: Results and Complications about 660 Cases

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jasser Maatougui ◽  
Jasser Maatougui ◽  
Raboudi Mehdi ◽  
Mohamed amine Bakir ◽  
Tarek Taktak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
First Line ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Scrotal Pain ◽  
Scrotal Hematoma ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization ◽  
First Line Treatment

Introduction: Varicocele is one of the leading causes of male infertility. Anterograde scrotal sclerotherapy (ASS) is one of the most recent techniques. Our objective is to evaluate the results of ASS in the treatment of varicocele in adults. Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical study of 660 patients treated for varicocele causing either a picture of hypofertility and/or symptomatic during the period from January 2008 to December 2018. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data were analysed. Results: The average age was 30. The average duration of the intervention was 16 minutes (13-50 mins) and the average length of hospitalization was 19 hours (9-36 hours). We noticed a statistically significant improvement in all characteristics on the postoperative spermogram. Oligospermia increased from 41% to 29% (p=0.01), asthenospermia increased from 52% to 33% (p=0.02) and teretospermia from 24% to 14% (p=0.006). The paternity rate among hypofertile men was 22%. The disappearance of varicocele in postoperative was objectified in 588 patients (84%), the disappearance of scrotal pain in 322 patients (48%). Complications were identified in 70 patients (10.6%) hydrocele (27 patients, 4%), scrotal hematoma (14 patients), chemical orchitis (20 patients) and testicular atrophy (9 patients). A recurrence was noted in 73 patients (11%) at 9 months. Conclusion: SSA appears to be a reliable and reproducible technique in the treatment of varicocele, with significantly less morbidity in comparison with other techniques. We recommend it as a first-line treatment.

scholarly journals Epididymal Tuberculosis: A Diagnostic Challenge, Sonographic Findings, and Differential Diagnosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeevan Mahaveer ◽  
Michael Weston ◽  
Stephen Wolstenhulme
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Past History ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Sinus Tract ◽  
Tunica Vaginalis ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Scrotal Pain ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scrotal Swelling

A male patient was referred to radiology with scrotal pain and swelling. Prior to diagnosis, the patient had three sonograms for scrotal swelling, which progressed to a discharging scrotal sinus. At the second scan, a risk factor of past history of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) was noted. The first sonogram showed findings suggestive of left epididymitis, the second sonogram showed possible primary testicular tumor or epididymal tuberculosis (EPTB), the third sonogram showed epididymal pathology extending to involve the tunica vaginalis and scrotal wall leading to a sinus tract formation, and the fourth sonogram was normal. This case highlights the sonographic findings during progression of EPTB and the differential diagnosis to consider in such cases. It is a useful educational aid for radiologists and sonographers when evaluating the role of sonography in the management of a patient with scrotal swelling and discharging scrotal sinus.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of Doppler Ultrasonography for Diagnosis of Epididymo-Orchitis in Patients presenting with Scrotal Swelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1898-1901
Author(s):  
Jawad Ali Memon ◽  
Adnan Ahmed ◽  
Mumtaz Ahmed Qureshi ◽  
Hafeez ur Rehman ◽  
Tahir Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Scrotal Pain ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Scrotal Swelling

Background and Aims: Epididymitis, orchitis, testicular torsion and appendix testis torsion causes most common and acute scrotal pain. The scrotal pain and complications could be diagnosed with Doppler ultrasound and histopathology post-surgery procedures. The current study aims to determine diagnostic accuracy of Doppler Ultrasonography for diagnosis of epididymis-orchitis in patients presenting with Scrotal Swelling. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 121 scrotal masses patients during the period from April 2020 to September 2020 at the radiology department ofLiaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Individuals who met the inclusive criteria were enrolled and consent form was taken from each patient. The patient’s age range was 15 to 68 years old with mean ± SD 34.5 ± 12.4. All the patients were presented with scrotal swelling. After history taken from the individual, Doppler ultrasound (DUS) was conducted. The final outcomes were compared by radiologist and surgeon. All the patients were subjected to linear transducer and Toshiba Xario 200 with 11MHZ. Diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasound was calculated from the sensitivity and specificity. Results: Doppler ultrasound diagnosed allthe epididymitis and orchitis, testicular torsion, hydrocele, spermatic cordinjury, and varicocele cases with specificity and sensitivity 100%. The frequencyof finally diagnoses performed by Doppler ultrasonography was orchitis (7),epididymitis-orchitis (45), testicular malignancy (15), spinal cord injuries(3), testicular torsion (5), hematocele (3), spermatic cord injuries (2),varicocele (14), hydrocele (25), and pyocele (2). Out of 15 testicular subjectsdiagnosed on DUS, only 14 were found to have malignancy. Two cases ofOrchitis were diagnosed falsely as amalignancy. In Orchitis 7 patients, 6 were diagnosed as orchitis but one hadseminoma (specificity 67% and sensitivity 88%). The overall DUS specificity andsensitivity were 67% and 98% respectively. Conclusion: The scrotal disease can be diagnosed with effective, reliable, and safe Doppler Ultrasonography. Testicular tumor diagnosis is an additional advantage of DUS besides minimizing unnecessary exploration operations numbers. Doppler ultrasonographyplays a vital role in need of immediate diagnosis of testicular torsion. Keywords: Doppler ultrasound scan, Scrotal pathologies, Epididymo-Orchitis

Conjunctival Candidiasis Mimicking Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyu Peng ◽  
Jiang Qian ◽  
Yinan Han
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

Abstract PurposeTo report a case of conjunctival candidiasis mimicking ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Case presentationA 71-year-old man presented with a history of persistent redness, swelling and watering in the left eye accompanying an enlarging mass in the conjunctiva. He underwent excisional biopsy which showed granulomatous inflammation accompanied by irregular and atypical squamous epithelium hyperplasia. Periodic acid-Schiff stain and methenamine silver stain revealed a fungi infection. Further secretion smear was performed to clarify the pathogen as Candida albicans and a chronic fungal maxillary sinusitis was found through imaging test. Thus a diagnosis of conjunctival candidiasis was made.ConclusionsConjunctivitis caused by fungi is rare and a trigger such as agriculture trauma, immunocompromise state, contact history to fungal environment or contaminated water or infection of adjacent organs occurs in most cases. We report the case not only to share diagnostic and treatment experience, but also describe the unique histopathological manifestation leading to a speculation that chronic fungal or candida albicans infection might induce squamous metaplasia.

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