The 'Art' of Framing Risk: The Attentional Process of Risk Framing in Organizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 12233
Author(s):  
Julie Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Process ◽  
Risk Framing

Reframing Risk in the Wake of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-361
Author(s):  
Christine Crudo Blackburn ◽  
Sayali Shelke ◽  
Sharon Zaldivar Alatorre
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Prospect Theory ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Hurricane Preparedness ◽  
Hurricane Season ◽  
Risk Framing ◽  
Current Risk ◽  
New Framework

Abstract Concerns about infectious disease in mega-shelters following hurricanes should be a top priority. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the challenge of implementing standard evacuation and sheltering procedures for hurricanes during an outbreak of a respiratory disease and the lessons learned from the 2020 hurricane season must be applied to future response efforts. In this article, we examine the current risk framing for hurricane preparedness and response utilizing Prospect Theory. We also examine how the COVID-19 pandemic has complicated this traditional framing and offer a new framework for which to provide adequate sheltering following a hurricane, while minimizing the risk of respiratory disease to those seeking shelter. We argue that such a framework is necessary to protect American citizens in future hurricane seasons.

Saliency-based Rhythmic Coordination of Perceptual Predictions

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoli Huang ◽  
Huan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Behavioral Profile ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Attentional Process ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
Processing Resources ◽  
Rhythmic Coordination ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Levels

Objects, shown explicitly or held in mind internally, compete for limited processing resources. Recent studies have demonstrated that attention samples locations and objects rhythmically. Interestingly, periodic sampling not only operates over objects in the same scene but also occurs for multiple perceptual predictions that are held in attention for incoming inputs. However, how the brain coordinates perceptual predictions that are endowed with different levels of bottom–up saliency information remains unclear. To address the issue, we used a fine-grained behavioral measurement to investigate the temporal dynamics of processing of high- and low-salient visual stimuli, which have equal possibility to occur within experimental blocks. We demonstrate that perceptual predictions associated with different levels of saliency are organized via a theta-band rhythmic course and are optimally processed in different phases within each theta-band cycle. Meanwhile, when the high- and low-salient stimuli are presented in separate blocks and thus not competing with each other, the periodic behavioral profile is no longer present. In summary, our findings suggest that attention samples and coordinates multiple perceptual predictions through a theta-band rhythm according to their relative saliency. Our results, in combination with previous studies, advocate the rhythmic nature of attentional process.

scholarly journals In reply—Risk Framing in Cardiovascular Medicine I and II

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 2569-2571
Author(s):  
Mohamad Alkhouli ◽  
Charanjit S. Rihal
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Medicine ◽  
Risk Framing

scholarly journals Risk, framing and everyday life: Epistemological and methodological reflections from three socio-cultural projects

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Henwood ◽  
Nick Pidgeon ◽  
Sophie Sarre ◽  
Peter Simmons ◽  
Noel Smith
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Risk Framing

Selective attention in pigeon temporal discrimination

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrinidhi Subramaniam ◽  
Elizabeth G E Kyonka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Temporal Discrimination ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Discrimination Accuracy ◽  
Gaussian Functions ◽  
Attentional Process ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Light Color

Cues can vary in how informative they are about when specific outcomes, such as food availability, will occur. This study was an experimental investigation of the functional relation between cue informativeness and temporal discrimination in a peak-interval (PI) procedure. Each session consisted of fixed-interval (FI) 2- and 4-s schedules of food and occasional, 12-s PI trials during which pecks had no programmed consequences. Across conditions, the phi (ϕ) correlation between key light color and FI schedule value was manipulated. Red and green key lights signaled the onset of either or both FI schedules. Different colors were either predictive (ϕ = 1), moderately predictive (ϕ = 0.2-0.8) or not predictive (ϕ = 0) of a specific FI schedule. This study tested the hypothesis that temporal discrimination is a function of the momentary conditional probability of food; that is, pigeons peck the most at either 2 s or 4 s when ϕ = 1 and peck at both intervals when ϕ < 1. Response distributions were bimodal Gaussian curves; distributions from red- and green-key PI trials converged when ϕ ≤ 0.6. Peak times estimated by summed Gaussian functions, averaged across conditions and pigeons, were 1.85 and 3.87 s; however, pigeons did not always maximize the momentary probability of food. When key light color was highly correlated with FI schedules (ϕ ≥ 0.6), estimates of peak times indicated that temporal discrimination accuracy was reduced at the unlikely interval, but not the likely interval. The mechanism of this reduced temporal discrimination accuracy could be interpreted as an attentional process.

scholarly journals Covid-19 on Twitter: an analysis of risk communication with visuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Sleigh ◽  
Julia Amann ◽  
Manuel Schneider ◽  
Effy Vayena
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Health Gains ◽  
Risk Framing ◽  
Loss Framing

Abstract Background: In a pandemic, when timely and clear communication is important, visuals on social media can help citizens quickly find and understand health risk information. In recognition of visuality and social media’s value during a crisis, we investigated popular Covid-19 risk communication with visuals posted on the platform Twitter. Looking at tweet authors, their use of graphics, the preventative messages, and risk framing, our objective was to determine how visual communication on Twitter promoted WHO Covid-19 health recommendations.Methods: We sourced Twitter’s 500 most retweeted Covid-19 messages for each month from January - October 2020 using Crowdbreaks. Included tweets had to have visuals, be in English, come from verified accounts, and contain at least one of the keywords ‘covid19', 'coronavirus', 'corona', or 'covid’. Following a retrospective approach, we then performed a qualitative content analysis of the tweets’ text and visuals. Results: Most of the tweets analysed came from influencers - individuals with many followers (51%), followed by media companies (30%), and health and government institutions (15%). At the start of the pandemic, the latter two were most prevalent. Analysis of visual formats showed that photographs were most common, and the majority of tweets combined them with other graphic types (55%). 68% of tweets had text in their visual, 42% of all visuals were animated, and 26% included a URL. ‘Stay home’ and ‘wear a mask’ were the most frequently communicated Covid-19 preventative measures. 70% of tweets used risk framing (emphasising health gains or loss), and 32% had tones of critique.Conclusion: This study found that the most retweeted Covid-19 preventative measures with visuals mostly came from individuals, showing that health and government organisations were not alone in promoting preventative measures on Twitter. This stresses the important role individuals play in the dissemination of information using social media during a health crisis. The finding that more tweets used health loss framing, often combined with the emotive medium of photographs, raises concerns about persuasive tactics feeding on fear. Future research is needed to better understand this approach's consequences and its impact on public perceptions and behaviours.

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