"Self-employment and stress: Cross-sectional, longitudinal and experimental evidence"

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 15681
Author(s):  
Cornelius A. Rietveld ◽  
Jolanda Hessels ◽  
Peter van der Zwan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Employment

Torsional Stiffness of a Thin-Walled Beam Braced by Pinned or Rigidly Fixed Transverse Diaphragms

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
T. Harrison ◽  
J. M. Siddall
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Profile ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Sectional Profile ◽  
Good Agreement

The torsional stiffness of a thin-walled beam of open cross-sectional profile braced by evenly spaced transverse diaphragms is studied. Diaphragms rigidly fixed or attached by frictionless pins are treated and it is seen that, in either case, the only effect is to modify the St Venant torsional constant for the thin-walled beam. The theoretical work is supported by experimental evidence from two braced perspex channels which simulate the two assumed methods of attaching the diaphragms. Good agreement is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Setting up Shop

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Finnie ◽  
Christine Laporte
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
College And University ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Employment Rates

Abstract This article reports the results of an empirical analysis of self-employment among recent college and university graduates using the National Graduates Survey databases. It finds that self-employment rates two years after graduation, calculated by year of graduation (1982, 1986, 1990 and 1995) and level of education, ranged from 6.5 percent to 7.8 percent for men, and from 3.2 percent to 5.2 percent for women. Five years after graduation, the rates had increased, ranging from 9.9 percent to 11.1 percent for men, and from 5.3 percent to 6.7 percent for women. The evidence regarding employment rates, job satisfaction, the job-education skill match and earnings (the latter including the estimation of both cross-sectional and fixed effects models) suggests that self-employment is generally associated with enhanced labour market outcomes—that is, the result of “pull” factors. Policy implications are discussed.

Self-employment and Civic Inclination

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-737
Author(s):  
F. Carson Mencken ◽  
Bethany Smith ◽  
Charles M. Tolbert
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
The Self ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
County Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Building Community

We test whether the self-employed have higher levels of civic inclination (trust, political activism, community closeness, community participation) compared to workers from the private sector. We examine the civic inclinations of the self-employed with two national cross-sectional data sets. We use a variety of discrete and continuous regression models. We find that the self-employed have higher levels of political activism, feel closer to neighbors and family, and have greater odds of engaging to solve community problems. We fail to detect differences in donating money, attending community events, and closeness to friends. Previous research has concluded with county-level data that the self-employed are important actors in building community and creating social capital. Our results add to this literature by showing that the self-employed have higher levels of civic inclination with individual-level data. Implications for theory and research are discussed.

Generating Skilled Self-Employment in Developing Countries: Experimental Evidence from Uganda

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Blattman ◽  
Richard Peck ◽  
Patryk Perkowski ◽  
Keesler Welch ◽  
Shammi Quddus
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Self Employment

Entrepreneurial behaviour among catholic Christians in Plateau State-Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuel Johnmark Dakung ◽  
Tsenba Wummen Soemunti
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Church ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an entrepreneurial behaviour model of both quantitative and qualitative factors that are relevant in influencing the entrepreneurial behaviour (self-employment) of catholic Christians in Plateau State-Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The study followed a cross sectional (one shot) design. Also, a descriptive survey with a mixed methods and triangulation focus constitutes the study’s research design. A methodological paradigm triangulation concurrently was carried out where both qualitative and quantitative approaches to data collection was employed. Valid research instruments (questionnaire and interview) were utilised to conduct the survey on 302 catholic Christians. Frequency distribution and Structural Equation Model (SEM) through the aid of IBM SPSS AMOS software version 22 were used to analyse and test the hypotheses formulated. Findings It was established that catholicpreneurship (innovation) has a strong and positive relationship with entrepreneurial behaviour. The catholicpreneurship (innovation) factor accounts for an estimate of r=0.327, **p<0.01; significant at 0.000 in our model. Research limitations/implications The study is only restricted to Jos and Bukuru areas of Plateau State – Nigeria. Further research could be conducted to cover all the seventeen (17) LGAs of the state. Furthermore, the study employed the cross-sectional approach. A longitudinal approach should be employed to study the trend over a period of at least two years. Finally, the four (4) factors identified in influencing/triggering entrepreneurship behaviour may not be sufficient enough in explaining the phenomenon. Hence, there are other factors that may contribute in influencing entrepreneurship behaviour of the catholic Christians that were not part of this study. Practical implications This study indicates a number of implications for the church and policy makers. Since entrepreneurship is crucial to economic growth and self-employment, it is pertinent for the church to intensify initiatives in encouraging the spirit of Catholicpreneurship (innovation) among Christians in Plateau State and Nigeria at large. Hence, the church should promote entrepreneurship (sponsor training/classes for its members. With diverse programmes offered by the government to encourage entrepreneurship, the church has a wide range of opportunities to cash on when trying to set up ventures. Originality/value This paper is the first in Nigeria (Africa) to test empirically the relationships between catholicpreneurship (innovation), attitude, perceived behavioural control, intention and entrepreneurship behaviour among catholic Christians.

scholarly journals Pengetahuan dan Sikap Keluarga dalam Pencegahan Kekambuhan Rematik

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Suryanda Suryanda ◽  
Asmawi Nazori ◽  
Zanzibar Zanzibar
Keyword(s):  
Average Income ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Family Attitudes ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Family Attitude ◽  
Rheumatic Patients

Abstract: Knowledge and Family Attitude in Prevention of Rematical Devices. Rheumatism belongs to a group of rheumatic diseases showing a painful and stiff condition that attacks the limbs or the musculoskeletal system, ie joints, muscles, bones, and tissues around the joint. This study aims to determine the characteristics of family, knowledge and family attitudes in prevention of rheumatic recurrence in Prabumulih 2017. Descriptive analytics with cross-sectional method with Purposive sampling involving all families of rheumatic patients who visited visited Sukajadi Public Health Center East Prabumulih District October to December 2017, amounting 92 person. Sample as many as 87 respondents. Data obtained through questionnaire in the form of checklist and study documentation. Most of the female respondents, high school educated, have the highest average income of Rp 2,000,000 - Rp.3,000,000, self-employment, age of respondent most between 21 years to 30 years.71.1% rheumatic family members rarely relapse, the rest only 29 , 9% often relapse. Knowledge of respondents less 58,6%, 41,3% good. Response respondents 56.3% support efforts to prevent rheumatic recurrence and 43.7% less supportive. The results of chi-square analysis showed a signifcant relationship between family knowledge with rheumatic recurrence in elderly and family attitude with rheumatic recurrence in elderly.Abstrak: Pengetahuan dan Sikap Keluarga dalam Pencegahan Kekambuhan Rematik. Rematik termasuk dalam kelompok penyakit reumatologi yang menunjukkan suatu kondisi nyeri dan kaku yang menyerang anggota gerak atau system musculoskeletal, yaitu sendi, otot, tulang, maupun jaringan disekitar sendi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik keluarga, pengetahuan dan sikap keluarga dalam pencegahan kekambuhan rematik di Prabumulih tahun 2017. Deskriptif analitik dengan metode cross-sectional dengan Purposive sampling melibatkan seluruh keluarga penderita rematik yang tercatat berkunjungke Puskesmas Sukajadi Kecamatan Prabumulih Timur bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2017, berjumlah 92 orang. Sampel sebanyak 87 responden. Data diperoleh melalui kuisioner berupa ceklist dan studi dokumentasi. Sebagian besar responden wanita, berpendidikan SMA, berpenghasilan rata-rata tertinggi Rp 2.000.000 – Rp.3.000.000,pekerjaan wiraswasta, usia responden terbanyak antara 21 tahun hingga 30 tahun.71,1% rematik anggota keluarganya jarang kambuh, sisanya hanya 29,9% sering kambuh. Pengetahuan responden kurang 58,6%, 41,3 % baik. Sikap responden 56,3% mendukung upaya pencegahan kekambuhan rematik dan 43,7% kurang mendukung. Hasil uji analisis chi-square menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifkan antara pengetahuan keluarga dengan kekambuhan rematik pada lansia dan sikap keluarga dengan kekambuhan rematik pada lansia.

Effectiveness of tax reform on entrepreneurship

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-111
Author(s):  
Chigozie Andy Ngwaba ◽  
SeyedSoroosh Azizi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Before And After

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of tax reform on entrepreneurship in South Africa using repeated cross-sectional data from the World Bank. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts a difference-in-difference estimation technique as well as contrasting periods before and after the tax reform. This contrast is achieved by examining individuals in the formal and informal sector and measuring the effectiveness of the reform on self-employment. Findings The results indicate that the tax reform had a positive and significant effect on the probability of becoming self-employed in South Africa and is robust across different econometric specifications. Originality/value The authors use individual-level data to measure the effectiveness of a tax reform policy on entrepreneurship. Utilizing the South African post-Apartheid tax reform as a natural experiment allows the authors to identify the effects of taxes on the choice of becoming self-employed.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Self-Employed Workers’ Entrepreneurial Attitude and Health Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1892
Author(s):  
José Antonio Climent-Rodríguez ◽  
Yolanda Navarro-Abal ◽  
Celia Sánchez-López ◽  
Agustín Galán-García ◽  
Juan Gómez-Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Entrepreneurial Attitude ◽  
The Social ◽  
Work Level ◽  
The Relationship

In the new work environment, self-employment as a formula and entrepreneurship as an attitude have gained prominence as a means to foster a more competitive economy and increase employment opportunities. Having an entrepreneurial attitude, in addition to being positive on a work level, can also have positive effects on the health of the entrepreneur. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between an entrepreneurial attitude and its influence on the general health of Spanish self-employed workers who possess these skills, compared to those who lack them. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out through random sampling of 1148 self-employed professionals throughout Spain from 21 different economic sectors. The results show the existence of a negative relationship between entrepreneurial attitude and age, that is to say, an entrepreneurial attitude decreases with age. With the sex variable, women show less entrepreneurial attitude and with mental health, decreased mental health was shown in those with a greater entrepreneurial attitude. On the other hand, there is a positive linearity between a positive attitude and the social function of the state of health.

Measuring Employment: Experimental Evidence from Urban Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Heath ◽  
Ghazala Mansuri ◽  
Bob Rijkers ◽  
William Seitz ◽  
Dhiraj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Mobile Location ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Wage Employment

Abstract Using a randomized survey experiment in urban Ghana, this paper demonstrates that the length of the reference period and the interview modality (in-person or over the phone) affect how people respond in labor surveys, with impacts varying markedly by job type. Survey participants report significantly more self-employment spells when the reference period is shorter than the traditional one week, with the impacts concentrated among those in home-based and mobile self-employment. In contrast, the reference period has no impact on the incidence of wage-employment. The wage-employed do report working fewer days and hours when confronted with a shorter reference period. Finally, interviews conducted on the phone yield lower estimates of employment, hours worked, and days worked among the self-employed who are working from home or a mobile location as compared to in-person interviews.

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