scholarly journals Setting up Shop

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Finnie ◽  
Christine Laporte
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
College And University ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Employment Rates

Abstract This article reports the results of an empirical analysis of self-employment among recent college and university graduates using the National Graduates Survey databases. It finds that self-employment rates two years after graduation, calculated by year of graduation (1982, 1986, 1990 and 1995) and level of education, ranged from 6.5 percent to 7.8 percent for men, and from 3.2 percent to 5.2 percent for women. Five years after graduation, the rates had increased, ranging from 9.9 percent to 11.1 percent for men, and from 5.3 percent to 6.7 percent for women. The evidence regarding employment rates, job satisfaction, the job-education skill match and earnings (the latter including the estimation of both cross-sectional and fixed effects models) suggests that self-employment is generally associated with enhanced labour market outcomes—that is, the result of “pull” factors. Policy implications are discussed.

Does accessibility matter? Understanding the effect of job accessibility on labour market outcomes

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jangik Jin ◽  
Kurt Paulsen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Job Accessibility ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Chicago Metropolitan Area ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

In this study, we examine the effect of access to employment opportunities on labour market outcomes, especially focusing on unemployment rates and household income in the Chicago metropolitan area during 2000–2010. Using accessibility measures derived from detailed employment data, we calculate job accessibility by race and income. In order to deal with the endogeneity problem, we employ instrumental variables with a generalised spatial two-stage least square (GS2SLS) model with fixed-effects. Our findings suggest that job accessibility plays a significant role in explaining unemployment rates and household income. Consistent with Kain’s spatial mismatch hypothesis, increases in job accessibility for African Americans lead to decreases in unemployment. Results also show that increased job accessibility for low-income households not only reduce unemployment but also improve household income.

scholarly journals Job Mismatches and Labour Market Outcomes: Panel Evidence on University Graduates

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (286) ◽  
pp. 382-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Mavromaras ◽  
Seamus McGuinness ◽  
Nigel O'Leary ◽  
Peter Sloane ◽  
Zhang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

scholarly journals Assessment of educational misclassification in register-based data on Finnish immigrants in Sweden

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (17_suppl) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Saarela ◽  
Rosa Weber
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Register Data ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Socioeconomic Integration ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

Aim: In population registers, information on completed schooling is either missing or misclassified for a large proportion of newly arrived immigrants. It is unclear how quickly the information is updated and whether misclassification, i.e., that the wrong level of education is recorded, biases empirical estimates. Methods: We use unique linked Swedish and Finnish register data to determine the extent of such mismeasurement. By running logistic regressions on zero earnings, we also illustrate how mismeasurement might influence the estimated effects of education on health or labour market outcomes. Results: We find a considerable bias in estimates based on Swedish records of educational attainment during immigrants’ first few years in the country. Misclassification is additionally very common, even when information on educational attainment exists. Conclusions: These findings suggest that research and policies using recently arrived immigrants’ completed schooling as a determinant of socioeconomic integration need to be interpreted with care.

An Evaluation of Business Start-Up Support for Young People

2003 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Meager ◽  
Peter Bates ◽  
Marc Cowling
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Business Survival ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Matched Comparison ◽  
The Impact

The article describes some evaluation findings from a longitudinal study of young people receiving business start-up assistance, through the Prince's Trust (with financial support from the Government). Unusually for evaluations of self-employment schemes, it focuses not solely on issues of deadweight and business survival, but also looks at the impact of programme participation on the subsequent labour market outcomes of participants. It uses a matched comparison group methodology to model programme impact, and finds no statistical evidence that supported entry to self-employment has an impact on participants' subsequent ‘employability’. After controlling for other factors, those who leave the programme are no more likely than those in the comparison group to be in employment, and if in employment their earnings are no higher than those in the comparison group.

scholarly journals Job Mismatches and Labour Market Outcomes: Panel Evidence on Australian University Graduates

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas G. Mavromaras ◽  
Seamus McGuinness ◽  
Nigel C. O'Leary ◽  
Peter J. Sloane ◽  
Zhang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

The Association of Socioeconomic Status and Symptom Severity in Persons with Fibromyalgia

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1398-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary-Ann Fitzcharles ◽  
Emmanouil Rampakakis ◽  
Peter A. Ste-Marie ◽  
John S. Sampalis ◽  
Yoram Shir
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education

Objective.Although persons with lower socioeconomic status (SES) generally have poorer health status for many medical conditions, the association of SES with symptom severity in fibromyalgia (FM) is unknown. The subjective symptoms of FM may be influenced by personal perceptions, and environmental and psychosocial factors. Therefore SES may influence symptom expression and severity.Methods.Data for this cross-sectional analysis were obtained from a real-life prospective cohort of 246 patients with FM categorized according to level of education: high school graduates or less (Group 1; n = 99), college graduates (Group 2; n = 84), and university graduates (Group 3; n = 63). The association between level of education, a well-validated measure of SES, and disease severity, functional status, and quality of life were examined.Results.Lower education was significantly associated with older age (p = 0.039), current unemployment (p < 0.001), and more severe disease, as measured by patient global assessment disease activity (p = 0.019), McGill Pain Questionnaire (p = 0.026), Pain Disability Index (p = 0.031), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (p = 0.015), Health Assessment Questionnaire (p = 0.001), and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (p = 0.002), but not pain level, anxiety, or depression. These associations remained significant even upon adjusting for age and sex differences.Conclusion.Patients with FM and lower SES, as assessed by education level, reported greater symptom severity and functional impairment, despite reporting similar levels of pain, depression, and anxiety. Although FM spans all socioeconomic groups, factors other than specific disease characteristics or mental status, appear to play an important role in patients’ perception of illness.

scholarly journals Body weight and labour market outcomes in Post-Soviet Russia

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Huffman ◽  
Marian Rizov
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Wage Penalty ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the impacts of overweight and obesity on the probability of employment, wages, and the incidence of sick-leave days by gender, in Russia, over the transition period, 1994-2005. Design/methodology/approach – The authors uses panel data and appropriate instrumental variables techniques to estimate a set of three models. Findings – The results show a linear negative effect of body mass index (BMI) on probability of employment for women and positive effect for men. The authors did not find evidence of wage penalty for higher BMI, a result different from findings of several studies on developed market economies. There is also positive impact of BMI on the number of work days missed due to health problems for women. Originality/value – The results derived in transition context add evidence to the growing obesity and labour market outcomes literature emphasising the relative importance of the labour supply side compared to the demand side. The policy implications of our study are gender specific.

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