The Criminal Offence of Child-on-Child Abuse With a Fatal Outcome

This research aims to analyse the legal protection for the child offenders in criminal offence of abuse with a fatal outcome, the judge's considerations in imposing imprisonment for the offence and the obstacles in the crime. Data obtained through empirical legal research. This research uses primary data obtained from empirical legal research in the form of interviews with respondents and informants and combines legal materials such as textbooks, theories, laws and regulations which are considered as secondary data. The results of the research showed that the legal protection provided to the child convicts is in the form of identity confidentiality, is treated well during the investigation process, is placed in a special place, the Judges in making considerations always refer to the mitigating factors such as the juvenile's age, the juvenile's mental state, the juvenile's background, the juvenile's family attitude and aggravating things such as a bad juvenile's life history and parents who are unable to educate them.. The things that indirectly hinder the process of settling this case are the parents negligence, lack of cooperation from both parties, and also the influence of gadgets. It is recommended to the law enforcement officers and Juvenile’s Special Development Institute should continue to cooperate in carrying out legal protection for child perpetrators according to applicable rules, the judge before imposing a prison sentence should prioritize the best interests of the child and to parents should contributing better in control the children's behavior.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND FAMILY SUPPORT WITH THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE ELDERLY: LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction: Elderly are individuals who are vulnerable and at risk of experiencing health problems related to nutritional status. Families who live together are expected to be able to provide nutritional intake in accordance with the condition of the elderly so that adequate knowledge is needed in preparing the need for balanced nutrition. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and family support to elderly's nutritional status. Methods: The search for literature review articles was carried out in four databases (Scopus, Science Direct, Pub med, and Google Scholar) with a publication span of 2016-2020. The prism checklist was used to guide this review. Analysis and data tabulation were carried out in the article. Title, abstract, full text and methodology were assessed to determine study eligibility. Results: A total of 10 studies matched the inclusion criteria of the study, consisting of 6 cross-sectional studies and 4 qualitative studies. A review study found that good knowledge, positive attitude and good family support are directly proportional to the nutritional status of the elderly. Discussion: Family has a role in maintaining the health of the elderly, one of which is in fulfilling nutrition. Knowledge, attitudes and family support are related to the nutritional status of the elderly. Conclusions: Families who have knowledge related to nutrition can provide complete food intake and according to the needs of the elderly. A good family attitude will increase their support in helping fulfill nutrition.

The Knowledge Relationship And Family Attitude with Anxiety in Caring for Family Members People with Mental Disorders in Poly Jiwa Dadi Area Specialty Hospital Province of South Sulawesi

Mental disorders are patterns of a person’s behavior related to distress symptoms or impairments in one or more important functions of a human being. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge and family attitude towards anxiety in caring for family members who have mental disorders. This study used an Analytical Survey method with a Cross-Sectional Study approach. The research instruments used are knowledge, attitude and anxiety. The data analysis used is univariate analysis, employed to produce the frequency and percentage of each variable, and Bivariate analysis to examine the research hypothesis to determine the relationship of dependent and independent variables by using Fisher’s Exact Test. The results of this study showed more respondents with mild anxiety of 52.5 % with a value of ρ = 0.005 which means ρ < α = 0.05. This study showed more positive attitude respondents with mild anxiety of 55.5 % with a value of ρ = 0.042 which means ρ < α = 0.05. It is recommended for further researchers to examine other variables that have not been studied with more samples. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Anxiety, mental disorders

The Relationship between Family Attitude and Family Caregiver Burden of Patients with Schizophrenia in Tangerang

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that occurs in the long term and affects the thought process which demanding for the required care. Negative attitudes can be one of the factors that influence the family burden that is getting heavier. This study aimed to determine the relationship of family attitudes to the family burden of caring for schizophrenic patients at the psychiatric hospital in Kota Tangerang. Methods: The study was a descriptive correlation with Cross-Sectional design. The population of this study was the family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia who visited the psychiatric clinic at Kota Tangerang Hospital. This study used the accidental sampling method, recruited as many as 64 people. The instrument of this study was the Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS) questionnaire and the Family Attitude Scale (FAS) had been examined the validity and reliability test. The Chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis to identify the relationship between family attitude and caregiver burden. Results: The results of this study were 23 respondents who had a positive attitude with a light burden of 52.2% while those with a negative attitude had 41 respondents with a heavy burden of 80.5. The p-value was 0.007 showed that there was a significant relationship between family attitudes and the burden of the family caring for patients with schizophrenia in psychiatric hospitals in Kota Tangerang Hospital. Conclusion: It suggests that health care providers need to consider the burden perceived by the caregivers so they are more likely to show a positive attitude in providing care for the beloved-one.Keywords: Caregiver Burden, Family Attitudes, Family Caregivers, Patients with Schizophrenia

The Role of Education in the Approach to Childbearing in the Clergy Families of the Russian Orthodox Church

The article analyzes the opposition to the level of education of religiosity and large families. Interviews with 20 families of priests as practicing believers with different educational levels were taken and analyzed to consider the problems. We divided the families of priests into three types: traditional; intermediate; managerial. The traditional type is characterized by the respondent’s trust in God in their views on childbearing, in evaluating non-abortion contraception as a sin. Intermediate respondents talk about trusting God in the matter of having children as an ideal, and about using contraception as an acceptable action, compromise and lack of faith; allow its use in relation to their own family. It is common for managerial type respondents to talk about the use of contraception not as a church norm, but as an action relating to the sphere of individual choice of spouses. It is justified by the health, financial condition of the spouses, their desire to be realized in the profession, their own relationships, etc. The study shows that in each type of priestly family attitude to childbearing you can find mostly educated people. The study demonstrates that in each type of priestly family relationship with childbearing, predominantly educated people are found. As the results of the study presented, we write about the absence of a direct correlation between the level of education and attitudes towards childbearing in clergy families, and we also propose considering the construction of types of religiosity that appeal to a person’s attitude to childbirth and birth control.

A study of participation motives in sports, loneliness and depression levels of children with specific learning disabilities in terms of some variables

This study aims to examine the sport participation motivation, loneliness and depression levels of students with specific learning disabilities in terms of some variables. Screening model used in the study. The research group is constituted by 85 students who had been diagnosed with Specific Learning disabilities in Special Education and Rehabilitation Centers in Kocaeli province. Personal information form prepared by the researchers and developed by Gill, Gross and Huddleston (1983), and the Turkish validity and reliability study was made by Oyar, Aşçı, Çelebi and Mülazımoğlu (2001)."Sport Participation Motivation Scale", developed by Kovacs (1980) and the validity and reliability of the Turkish version was made by Öy (1991). "Depression Scale for Children" and developed Ashler ve Wheller (1985) and the validity and reliability of the Turkish version was made by Kaya (2005) "Loneliness Scale for Children” were used as the data collection tools. The sports participation motives, depression and loneliness levels of the participants have been evaluated in terms of age, gender, natural / adoptive parents, family's economic status, father's occupational status, number of people in the family, number of siblings, family attitude and the state of doing sport. In the evaluation of the research data, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA test and correlation analysis were used. In the findings, sports participation motives of participants were significantly differ according to the gender, family attitudes and the status of doing sports. Also according to the age, in loneliness level, and according to the number of siblings in the levels of loneliness and depression, significant differences were found. As a result of the correlation, a positive relationship between depression and loneliness status of the participants was found. Thus, in children at the 9-14 age range with specific learning disability it was concluded that the family attitude, number of siblings and to do sports have an impact in a positive way on the loneliness, depression and sports participation.

Postawy rodzicielskie małżonków o wyższym i niższym poziomie samoakceptacji

The study involved 75 families were examined using The Adjective Check List (ACL) by H.G. Gough and A.B. Heilbrun and Family Attitude Scale by M. Braun-Gałkowska. Mothers with a lower level of self-acceptance were more often characterized by an excess of requirements than mothers with a higher level of self-acceptance. The examined children attributed to mothers with a lower level of self-acceptance, much more often the excess of management, than mothers with a higher level of self-acceptance. Fathers with a lower level of self-acceptance were more often characterized by an excess of help than fathers with a higher level of self-acceptance. The obtained results indicate that parental attitudes expressed by the spouses with a higher level of self-acceptance more frequently than the parental attitudes of spouses with a lower level of self-acceptance are characterized by moderation in all dimensions of the parental attitude, which characterizes the proper parental attitude conducive to the proper development of children.

Pengetahuan dan Sikap Keluarga dalam Pencegahan Kekambuhan Rematik

Knowledge and Family Attitude in Prevention of Rematical Devices. Rheumatism belongs to a group of rheumatic diseases showing a painful and stiff condition that attacks the limbs or the musculoskeletal system, ie joints, muscles, bones, and tissues around the joint. This study aims to determine the characteristics of family, knowledge and family attitudes in prevention of rheumatic recurrence in Prabumulih 2017. Descriptive analytics with cross-sectional method with Purposive sampling involving all families of rheumatic patients who visited visited Sukajadi Public Health Center East Prabumulih District October to December 2017, amounting 92 person. Sample as many as 87 respondents. Data obtained through questionnaire in the form of checklist and study documentation. Most of the female respondents, high school educated, have the highest average income of Rp 2,000,000 - Rp.3,000,000, self-employment, age of respondent most between 21 years to 30 years.71.1% rheumatic family members rarely relapse, the rest only 29 , 9% often relapse. Knowledge of respondents less 58,6%, 41,3% good. Response respondents 56.3% support efforts to prevent rheumatic recurrence and 43.7% less supportive. The results of chi-square analysis showed a signifcant relationship between family knowledge with rheumatic recurrence in elderly and family attitude with rheumatic recurrence in elderly.Abstrak: Pengetahuan dan Sikap Keluarga dalam Pencegahan Kekambuhan Rematik. Rematik termasuk dalam kelompok penyakit reumatologi yang menunjukkan suatu kondisi nyeri dan kaku yang menyerang anggota gerak atau system musculoskeletal, yaitu sendi, otot, tulang, maupun jaringan disekitar sendi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik keluarga, pengetahuan dan sikap keluarga dalam pencegahan kekambuhan rematik di Prabumulih tahun 2017. Deskriptif analitik dengan metode cross-sectional dengan Purposive sampling melibatkan seluruh keluarga penderita rematik yang tercatat berkunjungke Puskesmas Sukajadi Kecamatan Prabumulih Timur bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2017, berjumlah 92 orang. Sampel sebanyak 87 responden. Data diperoleh melalui kuisioner berupa ceklist dan studi dokumentasi. Sebagian besar responden wanita, berpendidikan SMA, berpenghasilan rata-rata tertinggi Rp 2.000.000 – Rp.3.000.000,pekerjaan wiraswasta, usia responden terbanyak antara 21 tahun hingga 30 tahun.71,1% rematik anggota keluarganya jarang kambuh, sisanya hanya 29,9% sering kambuh. Pengetahuan responden kurang 58,6%, 41,3 % baik. Sikap responden 56,3% mendukung upaya pencegahan kekambuhan rematik dan 43,7% kurang mendukung. Hasil uji analisis chi-square menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifkan antara pengetahuan keluarga dengan kekambuhan rematik pada lansia dan sikap keluarga dengan kekambuhan rematik pada lansia.