scholarly journals Establishment and development of ethnographic science in modern times in Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Laman Ismayilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Definition Of

After gaining independence, as in any field of science, many factors have influenced the development of ethnography. These factors can be attributed the establishment of science, the establishment of relevant scientific departments, the definition of ethnographic directions, the formation of scientific methods and techniques, the preparation of ethnographic personnel, the organization of ethnographic expeditions, scientific conferences and the participation of ethnographers in these scientific events , etc. The article considers development of ethnographic science in accordance with the requirements of the time.

scholarly journals System of indicators determining the competitiveness of tourist destinations services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Т. Тлеубердинова ◽  
Д.М. Салауатова ◽  
A. Tleuberdinova ◽  
D. Salauatova
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Definition Of

Исследование вопросов конкурентоспособности туристских услуг особенно актуально в настоящее время, поскольку большинство туристских дестинаций оказались вовлечены в острую конкурентную борьбу. В связи с этим вопросы определения уровня конкурентоспособности туристских дестинаций требует глубокого научного изучения и разработки системы показателей по определению конкурентоспособности туристских услуг, на что и направлено данное исследование. Правильная оценка конкурентоспособности туристских услуг является важным аспектом для принятия стратегических решений по развитию туристской отрасли. Целью исследования стало определение значимых критериев конкурентоспособности, которые будут положены в основу авторской методики измерения конкурентоспособности казахстанских туристских услуг. Для достижения данной цели были определены ряд задач: проведен широкий обзор существующих моделей и методик определения конкурентоспособности; по результатам данного обзора выявлены ряд индикаторов оценки конкурентоспособности, которые могут быть применены для оценки уровня конкурентоспособности туристских услуг казахстанских дестинаций; проведена экспертная оценка значимости этих индикаторов в формировании уровня конкурентоспособности туристских услуг, позволяющая разработать методику оценки уровня конкурентоспособности казахстанских туристских услуг. Теоретико-методологической базой исследования стали научные труды ученых, представляющих результаты фундаментальных и прикладных исследований в области изучения вопросов конкуренции и конкурентоспособности в сфере туризма. При проведении анализа были использованы общенаучные методы научной абстракции, анализа и синтеза, системного подхода. Результатом проведенного в статье исследования стало определение системы показателей, которые могут быть применимы при оценке уровня конкурентоспособности дестинаций и в последующем будут использованы в разработке авторского подхода к оценке конкурентоспособности казахстанских туристских услуг, что позволит провести качественный анализ основных составляющих казахстанского туризма с целью дальнейшего формирования эффективной стратегически ориентированной политики развития в этой сфере. The study of the competitiveness of tourist services is especially relevant at the present time, since most of the tourist destinations were involved in an intense competitive struggle. In this regard, the issues of determining the level of competitiveness of tourist destinations require deep scientific study and development of a system of indicators to determine the competitiveness of tourist services. Within the framework of this article, the purpose of the study was to analyze the existing methods and techniques for assessing the level of competitiveness of tourist destinations, as well as to identify the most significant components of it, to determine the list of criteria that will subsequently be applied in the author's development of a method for measuring the competitiveness of Kazakhstani tourist services. The scientific works of scientists presenting the results of fundamental and applied research in the field of studying the issues of competition and competitiveness in the field of tourism have become the methodological bases of the analysis. During the analysis, general scientific methods of scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, and a systematic approach were used. The result of the research carried out in the article was the definition of a system of indicators that can be applied in assessing the level of competitiveness of destinations and will subsequently be used in the development of the author's approach to assessing the competitiveness of Kazakhstani tourist services.

YOUTH CRIMINAL SUBCULTURE AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF THE PERSONALITY OF A MINOR CRIMINAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
VERA SHUNYAEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
System Research ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Method Analysis

The article is devoted to the research of the youth criminal subculture and its impact on the personality of under-aged. In the course of analysis of this negative impact, a definition of the criminal subculture of under-aged was proposed. The main principles of such a criminal subculture as AUE (the acronym, transcribed from Russian: АУЕ or А.У.Е., comes from «Арестантский уклад един» / “Prisoners Unity (Solidarity)” are defined. The reasons contributing to the development of this negative phenomenon and the typical fea- tures of a minor sharing the ideology of the AUE were identified. The methods for counteracting the AUE were proposed. The method- ological basis of the research is formed by general scientific methods: dialectical, system research method, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, etc., as well as such private scientific methods as comparative legal, formal legal, structural and functional, statistical ones. The authors relied on the results of research by Russian and foreign legal scholars, sociologists, psychologists.

scholarly journals Rethinking Climate, Climate Change, and Their Relationship with Water

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Demetris Koutsoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Main Element ◽  
The Political ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
External Agent ◽  
Historical Investigation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Water Issues

We revisit the notion of climate, along with its historical evolution, tracing the origin of the modern concerns about climate. The notion (and the scientific term) of climate was established during the Greek antiquity in a geographical context and it acquired its statistical content (average weather) in modern times after meteorological measurements had become common. Yet the modern definitions of climate are seriously affected by the wrong perception of the previous two centuries that climate should regularly be constant, unless an external agent acts upon it. Therefore, we attempt to give a more rigorous definition of climate, consistent with the modern body of stochastics. We illustrate the definition by real-world data, which also exemplify the large climatic variability. Given this variability, the term “climate change” turns out to be scientifically unjustified. Specifically, it is a pleonasm as climate, like weather, has been ever-changing. Indeed, a historical investigation reveals that the aim in using that term is not scientific but political. Within the political aims, water issues have been greatly promoted by projecting future catastrophes while reversing true roles and causality directions. For this reason, we provide arguments that water is the main element that drives climate, and not the opposite.

Recent Research on the Archaeology of War and Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Consequences Of Violence

The mid-1990s through the first decade of the new millennium marked an increase in publications pertaining to war and violence in the ancient past. This review considers how scholars of the past decade have responded to that work. The emerging consensus is that war and violence were endemic to all societies studied by archaeologists, and yet the frequency, intensity, causes, and consequences of violence were highly variable for reasons that defy simplistic explanation. The general trend has been toward archaeologies of war and violence that focus on understanding the nuances of particular places and historical moments. Nevertheless, archaeologists continue to grapple with grand narratives of war, such as the proposition that violence has decreased from ancient to modern times and the role of war and violence in state formation and collapse. Recent research also draws attention to a more expansive definition of violence. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Anthropology, Volume 50 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Protection against imposing unfavorable contract terms by the dominant party in the russian legislation: issues of ensuring the balance of convenience

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill Andreevich Pisenko ◽  
Stanislav Lvovich Botvinnik
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Dominant Party ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
General Logic ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Antitrust Regulation

Legal issues of counteracting the imposition of unfavorable contract terms by the dominant party raise a number of theoretical and practical problems. The authors of the article try to determine the legal nature of imposition and develop methods of comprehensive counteraction to this violation in order to ensure the balance of convenience. From the philosophical perspective and a certain worldview, the study is based on the balance of convenience regarded as the objective foundation of legal regulation. The main philosophical and scientific methods used in this article include the dialectic method, the formal-legal method, the method of legal hermeneutics, as well as the comparative-legal and empirical methods. The theoretical basis is represented by scientific works in the field of civil, administrative, entrepreneurial and procedural branches of law. The legal nature of imposition as a type of violation should be determined with due regard to the general logic of antitrust regulation. The parallel use of both public and private law necessitates the development of procedural legal means ensuring uniform law enforcement and the balance of convenience. First of all, the unity of approaches regarding legal tools of public and civil law should be concerned with the definition of features and the essence of elements compiling the imposition itself. The authors also propose approaches to the formation of an appropriate procedural model.

scholarly journals Improving the structure of the labor market of agricultural territories by developing agricultural green tourism enterprises

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Larysa Marmul’ ◽  
Iryna Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Green Tourism ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

The subject of the research is the structure of the labor market of rural areas through the development of enterprises of rural green tourism. The purpose of the work is to identify problems and trends of employment of rural population and to substantiate the organization of alternative types of employment in rural areas through the development of rural green tourism enterprises. Methodological basis of the article became general scientific methods of cognition, generalization, method of comparative analysis, statistical and other methods of research. Results of work The labor market in the countryside is characterized by the curtailment of job offers through the holding of agrarian production, its modernization. There is an increase in labor productivity, the release of large masses of the rural population, a decrease in the levels of its income and life. This leads to the search for and justification of alternative types of employment in the countryside. One of them is the definition of rural green tourism and its enterprises. Moreover, the organization of small tourist enterprises and agro-villages in the village does not require significant investments and special professional training of workers. They are based on the use of material resources of farmers, personal peasant and households, as well as the traditions of hospitality and the rural way of life of Ukrainians. The field of application of results. The results of the study can be used by the state executive authorities in improving the structure of the labor market of rural areas. Conclusions With the purpose of developing the rural economy and expanding the labor market for rural residents, we proposed the development of rural green tourism enterprises. The organization of new types of economic activity in rural areas is intended to increase the incomes of rural population. With the active development of unique and competitive destinations for rural green tourism, for which rural areas are used as an advantage, rather than treated as a disadvantage, it is possible to reach a sufficiently high level of profitability. This will give impetus to the further development of the countryside and the emergence of adjacent or serving businesses.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Implementation of a geodatabase of published and unpublished data on the catastrophic Vaiont landslide

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Superchi ◽  
M. Floris ◽  
M. Ghirotti ◽  
R. Genevois ◽  
M. Jaboyedoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Bibliographic Database ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Dam Reservoir ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Slope Collapse ◽  
Electronic Bibliographic Database ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Town

Abstract. On 9 October 1963 a catastrophic landslide suddenly occurred on the southern slope of the Vaiont dam reservoir. A mass of approximately 270 million m3 collapsed into the reservoir generating a wave that overtopped the dam and hit the town of Longarone and other villages nearby. Several investigations and interpretations of the slope collapse have been carried out during the last 45 years, however, a comprehensive explanation of both the triggering and the dynamics of the phenomenon has yet to be provided. In order to re-evaluate the currently existing information on the slide, an electronic bibliographic database and an ESRI-geodatabase have been developed. The chronology of the collected documentation showed that most of the studies for re-evaluating the failure mechanisms were conducted in the last decade, as a consequence of knowledge, methods and techniques recently acquired. The current contents of the geodatabase will improve definition of the structural setting that influenced the slide and led to the the propagation of the displaced rock mass. The objectives, structure and contents of the e-bibliography and Geodatabase are indicated, together with a brief description on the possible use of the alphanumeric and spatial contents of the databases.

scholarly journals Manzoni’s sixteenth-century ‘Quaderno Doppio’: The evolution of accounting education towards modern times

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-601
Author(s):  
Libero Mario Mari ◽  
Francesca Picciaia ◽  
Alan Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Accounting Education ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Accounting Practice ◽  
Widespread Adoption ◽  
Innovative Pedagogy ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Double Entry

This article responds to a scarcity of literature on pre-nineteenth-century accounting education and addresses calls for more research into what gave rise to how we teach accounting today. The sixteenth century was when double entry began to extend beyond its Italian roots and the first printed bookkeeping manuals began to appear alongside Pacioli’s of 1494. Yet, it is the least covered period in our literature. We address this lacuna using hermeneutic analysis to critically analyse Dominico Manzoni’s seldom studied manual of 1540 to discover what he hoped to achieve, what he did, and identify what impact his manual had on how accounting education and accounting practice developed thereafter. We find Manzoni’s objective was to replace school and apprenticeship with the printed book; and that his experience as an accountant and teacher of bookkeeping resulted in his adopting a highly innovative pedagogy that led, taught, and engaged students through the written word. Finally, we identify Manzoni’s manual as the foundation of a dominant genre of bookkeeping manuals that adopted an approach to accounting education which led to the widespread adoption of Pacioli’s definition of double entry and the double entry system in accounting practice that has lasted to the present day.

scholarly journals A psycho-philosophical view on the ‘conceptualisation’ of psychological measure development

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannelie Du Preez ◽  
Werner De Klerk
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Development ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Philosophical Framework ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Psychological Measure ◽  
Human Component

Orientation: When researchers’ understanding and application of ‘conceptualisation’ can allude to nearly anything, it loses its philosophical purpose and stature. Negating the philosophical meaning of the term ‘conceptualisation’, because it appears obvious, will result in research inquiries becoming ambiguous and ideologically diminished. Paradigms and theoretical frameworks are rooted in philosophical principles, yet researchers often ‘conceptualise’ and conduct inquiries without understanding the foundation of their applied scientific methods.Research purpose: The historicity of psychological measurement development depicts a fusion of transdisciplinary knowledge systems and the stature of scientific methods is comprehensive. Yet the philosophical lenses through which researchers ‘conceptualise’ their measure to understand psychological behaviour are not as clear.Motivation for the study: Contemporary psychometric literature postulates the ‘conceptualisation phase’ as a mere point of departure to develop a psychological measure, whereas philosophical literature depicts ‘conceptualisation’ as the mainstay of any research inquiry.Research approach/design and method: A qualitative design was used with the conceptual analysis of terminology as approach. Textual or typographical psychometric and psychological literature was purposively sampled and inductively and deductively analysed, using the philosophical framework of Van der Walt and Potgieter.Main findings: The definition of the ‘conceptualisation phase’ is principally characterised as the scientific method to measure the scientific reality, while the integral human component, represented by the measure developer, is overlooked.Practical/managerial implications: Insights derived can enthuse future dialogues on the purpose and importance of the conceptualisation phase in the development of psychological measures.Contribution/value-add: A potential delineation of what the ‘conceptualisation phase’ should encapsulate is proposed.

The Nature of Ususfructus

1946 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Kopel Kagan
Keyword(s):  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Opening Statements ◽  
In Virtue Of

No satisfactory definition of Dominium in Roman Law has yet been achieved. Amongst English writers Austin many years ago found great difficulty in this question while in modern times Professor Buckland has written ‘it is thus difficult to define Dominium precisely.’ Again, Poste, dealing with Gaius' discussion of dominium, says that his opening statements are ‘deplorably confused.’ These examples are enough to indicate the condition, of uncertainty which prevails. In my submission this uncertainty exists mainly because the conception of ususfructus has never yet been explained adequately. Of Possessio it has been said ‘the definition of Possessio to give the results outlined is a matter of great difficulty. No perfectly correct solution may be possible,’ and this statement is generally accepted as a correct assessment of the present position in juristic literature. But here, too, in my opinion, the reason is again connected with usufruct, for the possessio of the usufructuary has not yet been adequately determined. Gaius (2.93) tells us ‘usufructuarius vero usucapere non potest; primuum quod non possidet, sed habet ius utendi et fruendi.’ Ulpian holds that he had possessio in fact (‘Naturaliter videtur possidere is qui usum fructum habet’ D.41.2.12). On this subject Roby says ‘the fructuary was not strictly a possessor and therefore if he was deprived from enjoying he had not a claim to the original interdict de vi but in virtue of his quasi-possessio a special interdict was granted him.’ Austin saw difficulty in the whole problem of possessio. He wrote ‘by Savigny in his treatise on possessio it is remarked that the possessio of a right of usufruct … resembles the possessio of a thing, by the proprietor, or by an adverse possessor exercising rights of property over the thing. And that a disturbance of the one possession resembles the disturbance of the other. Now this must happen for the reason I have already stated:—namely, that the right of usufruct or user, like that of property, is indefinite in point of user. For what is possession (meaning legal possession not mere physical handling of the subject) but the exercise of a right ?’

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