Structural setting at the contact of the Southern Alps and Dinarides in western Cerkljansko region (western Slovenia)

The area between the villages of Reka in the Idrijca Valley, Bukovo and Zakriž near Cerkno belongs geographically and geotectonically to the Dinarides. The area consists of two large inner thrust blocks of the Trnovo nappe, which were thrusted for tens of kilometers in the direction of SW to their present position. They are overlain by the Tolmin nappe, the lowest thrust unit of the Southern Alps. The Tolmin nappe was thrusted from N to S and consists of two inner thrust blocks and a smaller intermediate inner sheet. In the western part of the area the contact between Southern Alps and the Dinarides runs along the regional Sovodenj fault.Although the rocks in the considered thrust units are about the same age, different stratigraphic settings could be recognized. The lithostratigraphic features of the Ladinian-Lower Carnian Pseudizilian beds are particularly striking. Succession of clastic and carbonate rocks was deposited in deep-marine Slovenian basin. In both the Trnovo and Tolmin nappe, Pseudozilian beds occur in the lithologically characteristic sequences but, in the Tolmin nappe, they are developed in a much greater thickness than in the Trnovo nappe and pass continuously upwards into Amphyclina beds, while in the Trnovo nappe, on the other hand, the succession of Pseudozilian beds is much thinner and is overlain by the platform Cordevol dolomite.

Archaeology of rock art at Dalakngalarr 1, centralwestern Arnhem Land

In 2011, we began researching the subsurface archaeology, geomorphology and rock art ofDalakngalarr 1, a moderately sized rock shelter on top of the central-western Arnhem Landplateau in Jawoyn Country. Here, four lines of evidence give relative or absolute ages for rockart:1. Archaeological excavations adjacent to a boulder that contains a painting of a red macropodreveal when that boulder attained its present position, so the red macropod must have beenpainted sometime afterwards.2. Paintings of axe/hoes with metal heads indicate that they were painted during the Europeancontact period. A nearby group of X-ray images are painted in comparable pigments,suggesting that they are contemporaneous with the axe/hoes.3. Geomorphological evidence suggests that parts of the site’s ceiling collapsed at datable timesin the past, indicating that the art on that roof must post-date the roof collapse.4. Direct accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates on beeswax art.

Intermediate schools today : an examination of certain aspects

My original intention, when I was a member of the staff of a post-primary school, was to carry out an investigation into the Post-primary Examination system in this country, but on my appointment to my present position at the beginning of this year, I decided that the best and quickest way of becoming acquainted with the Intermediate School system in New Zealand would be to make a survey of the schools of this country as they are at present.

Intermediate schools today : an examination of certain aspects

My original intention, when I was a member of the staff of a post-primary school, was to carry out an investigation into the Post-primary Examination system in this country, but on my appointment to my present position at the beginning of this year, I decided that the best and quickest way of becoming acquainted with the Intermediate School system in New Zealand would be to make a survey of the schools of this country as they are at present.

Tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) reared from deciduous plant-feeding lepidopteran larvae at Hokkaido University Tomakomai Forest (Japan), with descriptions of three new species

Seven species of tachinid flies reared from herbivorous lepidopterans collected from the deciduous forest canopy at Hokkaido University Tomakomai Experimental Forest (0.2 ha plot), Hokkaido, Japan, are recorded and described: Blepharomyia brevicornis sp. nov. ex Erannis golda Djakonov (Geometridae), Catocala lara Bremer and Orthosia odiosa (Butler) (both Noctuidae); Ctenophorinia grisea Mesnil ex Himeropteryx miraculosa Staudinger (Notodontidae); Blepharipa carbonata (Mesnil) ex Marumba jankowskii (Oberthür) (Sphingidae); Cyzenis equifacialis sp. nov. ex Faristenia geminisignella Ponomarenko (Gelechiidae), Archips crataegana (Hübner), A. nigricauda Walshingham, Epinotia exquisitana Christoph and Pseudohedya gradana Christo (all Tortricidae); Cyzenis tetrasetosa sp. nov. ex Lomographa simplicior (Butler), Operophtera brunnea Nakajima and O. relegata Prout (Geometridae); Eulasiona zimini Mesnil ex Archips crataegana (Hübner), Pseudohedya gradana (Christoph), Rhopobota naevana (Hübner) and Rhopobota sp. (all Tortricidae); Panzeria sp. (nr. japonica Shima) ex Erannis golda Djakonov (Geometridae). The genus Eulasiona Townsend is moved to the subfamily Tachininae from its present position in the subfamily Dexiinae, and the female and puparium of Eulasiona zimini Mesnil are described for the first time. The parasitization rates and life habits of these tachinids are briefly discussed.

Front-of-pack (FOP) labelling systems to improve the quality of nutrition information to prevent obesity: NutrInform Battery vs Nutri-Score

Many systems for classifying food products to adequately predict lower all-cause morbidity and mortality have been proposed as front-of-pack (FOP) nutritional labels. Although the efforts and advances that these systems represent for public health must be appreciated, as scientists involved in nutrition research and belonging to diverse Italian nutrition scientific societies, we would like to draw stakeholders’ attention to the fact that some FOP labels risk being not correctly informative to consumers’ awareness of nutritional food quality. The European Commission has explicitly called for such a nutrition information system to be part of the European “strategy on nutrition, overweight and obesity-related issues” to “facilitate consumer understanding of the contribution or importance of the food to the energy and nutrient content of a diet”. Some European countries have adopted the popular French proposal Nutri-Score. However, many critical limits and inadequacies have been identified in this system. As an alternative, we endorse a new enriched informative label—the NutrInform Battery—promoted by the Italian Ministry of Health and deeply studied by the Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Milan University. Therefore, the present position paper limits comparing these two FOP nutritional labels, focusing on the evidence suggesting that the NutrInform Battery can help consumers better than the Nutri-Score system to understand nutritional information, potentially improving dietary choices. Level of evidence II. Evidence was obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization.

ANMCO POSITION PAPER: Role of intra-aortic balloon pump in patients with acute advanced heart failure and cardiogenic shock

The treatment of patients with advanced acute heart failure is still challenging. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) has widely been used in the management of patients with cardiogenic shock. However, according to international guidelines, its routinary use in patients with cardiogenic shock is not recommended. This recommendation is derived from the results of the IABP-SHOCK II trial, which demonstrated that IABP does not reduce all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. The present position paper, released by the Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists, reviews the available data derived from clinical studies. It also provides practical recommendations for the optimal use of IABP in the treatment of cardiogenic shock and advanced acute heart failure.

Nonlocal spatiotemporal representation in the hippocampus of freely flying bats

Navigation occurs through a continuum of space and time. The hippocampus is known to encode the immediate position of moving animals. However, active navigation, especially at high speeds, may require representing navigational information beyond the present moment. Using wireless electrophysiological recordings in freely flying bats, we demonstrate that neural activity in area CA1 predominantly encodes nonlocal spatial information up to meters away from the bat’s present position. This spatiotemporal representation extends both forward and backward in time, with an emphasis on future locations, and is found during both random exploration and goal-directed navigation. The representation of position thus extends along a continuum, with each moment containing information about past, present, and future, and may provide a key mechanism for navigating along self-selected and remembered paths.

ON THE POSITION OF THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE MOSCOVIAN AND KASIMOVIAN GLOBAL STAGES OF THE CARBONIFEROUS IN THE DONETS BASIN

Detailed new data on paleontology and stratigraphy were obtained in the process of fulfilling the tasks of the International Carboniferous Subcommission on definition of the scopes of the Moscovian and Kasimovian global stages and the precise position of the boundary between them. The analysis of these data has shown that the position of this boundary in the type area and in the other regions needs the revision. Recently the investigation of the conodonts from the Moscovian–Kasimovian boundary deposits in the Donets Basin revealed that the boundary between the Moscovian and Kasimovian stages in the official Ukrainian Carboniferous Stratigraphic Scheme does not correspond to this boundary in the type area of these stages in the Moscow Basin. To correct this situation the lower boundary of the Kasimovian in the Ukrainian Scheme must be downgraded by two conodont zones — Swadelina subexcelsa and Sw. makhlinae. To update this boundary in the type area to fulfill the task of the Carboniferous Subcommission four conodont species were proposed as potential index-species for the definition of the boundary between the Moscovian and Kasimovian global stages. These conodont species are as follows Sw. subexcelsa, Idiognathodus sagittalis, I. turbatus and I. heckeli. One of these species, which is selected, will be used as a marker of the studied boundary. None of these species is officially selected as a marker. If Sw. subexcelsa will be selected, the position of the Moscovian–Kasimovian boundary will remain at the present position. In this case this boundary in the Donets Basin has to be downgraded by two conodont zones. If one of three Idiognathodus will be selected, this boundary in the type area will be upgraded by one and a half regional substage. In the Donets Basin it will be upgraded by less than a cycle. Keywords: Carboniferous, stratigraphy, conodonts, extinction event, index-­species.