Absolute bioavailability of tolvaptan and determination of minimally effective concentrations in healthy subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (02) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Shoaf ◽  
Patricia Bricmont ◽  
Suresh Mallikaarjun
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Absolute Bioavailability

Urinary gonadotropin measurements by enhanced luminometric assays (LIA) for the evaluation of pubertal development

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
And Demir ◽  
Adem Aydın ◽  
Atilla Büyükgebiz ◽  
Ulf-Håkan Stenman ◽  
Matti Hero
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Sensitive Detection Technique ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract Objectives Determination of LH in urine has proved to be a reliable method for evaluation of pubertal development. The human LH assay based on time-resolved immunofluorometric (IFMA) technology (AutoDELFIA, PerkinElmer, Wallac) has been found to be suitable for this purpose thanks to its high sensitivity but other assays have not been evaluated. We have analyzed our data obtained by another potentially sensitive detection technique, enhanced luminometric assay (LIA) with the objective of finding a viable alternative to IFMA since these may not be available in the future. Methods LIA was used to measure LH and FSH in serum and urine samples from 100 healthy subjects of each Tanner stage and both genders, whose pubertal development has been determined. Results Urinary gonodotropin concentrations measured by LIA correlated well with Tanner stage [(r=0.93 for girls, r=0.81 for boys; p<0.01 for LH) and (r=0.81 for girls, r=0.73 for boys; p<0.01 for FSH)]. LIA determinations revealed the increase in U-LH concentrations during the transition from Tanner stage 1–2 in both girls and boys (p<0.001), whereas U-FSH and S-LH were able to detect the increase from Tanner stage 1–2 only in boys or girls, respectively (both p<0.001). Conclusions Measurement of urinary gonadotropin concentrations by LIA may be useful for the evaluation of overall pubertal development and also in the detection of transition from prepuberty to puberty.

The use of isotopes in the determination of absolute bioavailability of drugs in humans

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Lappin ◽  
Malcolm Rowland ◽  
R Colin Garner
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Bioavailability

Measuring Mobility of the Metacarpophalangeal Joints II, III, IV, and V in the Dorso-Volar Plane

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Wagner ◽  
D Drescher
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Interrater Agreement ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Examination Method ◽  
Total Range ◽  
Flexion And Extension

An electronic gravity goniometer was developed for determining the passive range of movement of the MCP joints II, III, IV, and V in the dorso-volar plane by the use of preset torques. Test–retest measurements on 23 healthy subjects between the ages of 18 and 57 demonstrated high intrarater and interrater agreement for determining the total range. In the determination of the amounts of flexion and extension the measurement of the flexion was less reliable. There was overall evidence of a declining tendency of reliability from MCP joint II to MCP joint V, probably caused by different reactions of the joints to repeated measurements. The higher total range of the MCP joints in women was principally caused by a higher range of extension. In the case of men and women the range of MCP joint V was noticeably greater than that of the other three joints. The mobility of the four MCP joints correlates relatively closely as a whole, however, in the case of the non-adjacent joints less closely than with the adjacent joints. Reliability and validity of the examination method were balanced against one another with regard to testing of the biomechanical pre-conditions for manual dexterity.

scholarly journals UPLC-MS/MS Determination of Linezolid and Heme in Plasma of Infected Patients and Correlation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Xuemei Ye ◽  
Qin Lan ◽  
Xiaofang Ke ◽  
Lufeng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Haematological Toxicity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Early Diagnose ◽  
The Relationship

Linezolid can cause serious haematological toxicity, such as thrombocytopenia and aneamia. Heme, composed of iron and porphyrin, is an important component of hemoglobin. In order to investigate the relationship between the concentration of linezolid and heme in the plasma of infected patients, a UPLC-MS/MS method that can determine the concentrations of linezolid and heme simultaneously was developed and validated. A total of 96 healthy subjects and 81 infected patients, who received blood routine blood tests, were included and determined by the UPLC-MS/MS method. The results showed that the concentration of linezolid was 5.08 ± 3.46   μ g / mL in infected patients who were treated with linezolid. The heme in healthy subjects was 7.05 ± 8.68   μ g / mL , and it was significantly decreased to 0.88 ± 0.79   μ g / mL in infected patients ( P < 0.01 ). Spearman correlation analysis showed that linezolid had a high negative correlation with platelet (PLT) ( R = − 0.309 ). Heme had a high positive correlation with hemoglobin (Hb) ( R = 0.249 ) in healthy subjects and infected patients. The ROC analysis showed that heme had diagnostic value to distinguish low Hb (110 g/L). In conclusion, there was a positive correlation between heme and Hb, and this correlation was also observed in infected patients. A high concentration of linezolid was inclined to decrease PLT. Monitoring of heme and linezolid helps in the early diagnose of low Hb and PLT.

Determination of copper levels in serum of healthy subjects by atomic absorption spectrometry

1997 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Terrés-Martos ◽  
M. Navarro-Alarcón ◽  
F. Martín-Lagos ◽  
H.López-G de la Serrana ◽  
M.C. López-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Determination Of Copper

Determination of Methylated Purine Bases in Urine from Healthy Subjects

2002 ◽  
pp. 389-392
Author(s):  
Enrico Marinello ◽  
Maria C. Di Pietro ◽  
Roberto Leoncini ◽  
Giulia Liso ◽  
Roberto Guerranti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Purine Bases

Gene-Environment Interaction in the Determination of Levels of Plasma Fibrinogen

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (08) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le-Anh Luong ◽  
Hugh Montgomery ◽  
Ian Day ◽  
Vidya Mohamed-Ali ◽  
John Yudkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Genotype Information

IntroductionThis review will focus on the inflammatory risk factors that may influence changes in plasma fibrinogen levels and that may influence an individual’s risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD). These inflammatory risk factors occur to a different extent in individuals as their environment changes. Although a specific genotype may be associated, in healthy subjects, with modest differences in levels of a risk factor for thrombosis, this effect may be larger or smaller in subgroups of subjects. Documenting such gene-environment interactions is important if genotype information is ever to be used in a clinical or diagnostic setting. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of such interactions is vital to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to reduce risk of myocardial infarction (MI).We review some of the gene-environment interactions detected to date for the G-455A β-fibrinogen gene promoter polymorphism. Carriers of the A allele, representing roughly 20% of the population, consistently have, on average, 7% to 10% higher fibrinogen levels than those with the genotype GG. Data will be presented to demonstrate interaction between situations of inflammatory stimulation (e.g., smoking habit, presence of ischemic disease, and level of physical exercise) in the determination of the magnitude of the effect of the A allele on plasma fibrinogen levels.The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the likely link between inflammatory processes and IHD. Recently we have identified a functional G/C polymorphism at -174bp in the IL-6 promoter, with the G allele being a 2 to 4 times stronger promoter upon stimulation with interleukin-1 (IL-1) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In a small study of healthy subjects, the C allele was associated with significantly lower mean plasma levels of IL-6, an effect which may be protect against the development of IHD. Finally, we describe a rapid throughput genotyping method that is useful for large-scale genetic epidemiology studies.

The Determination of Iodine in Biologic Material

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 799-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Hoch ◽  
S L Sinnett ◽  
T H McGavack
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Chloric Acid ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Reduction Test

Abstract The chloric acid digestion of serum, followed by the ceric sulfate reduction test for iodine has been shown to give results reproducible to within ± 0.00035 µg. iodine per test sample (1) if the entire digestion tubes are kept hot during the combustion step so that products of incomplete oxidation are vaporized, (2) if the perchloric acid and sulfuric acid concentrations in the final digest are adjusted to 1.64 normal (16.5%) and 0.37 normal, respectively, (3) if attention is paid to the order of addition of the reagents, and (4) if the arsenite reagent is added within a fraction of a second. The method gave values for total serum iodine in 20 healthy subjects between 5 and 10.5 µg./100 ml.

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