On the oxido-degradation of emetine

The reaction series occurring during the degradation process of a complex molecule is seldom disclosed. The interest is enhanced if the molecule under consideration has biological activity, as is the case of emetine. In this communication we provide the reactions that take place during the oxidation of this five ringed molecule. The electron flow, step by step, is given from the alkaloid to the different oxidation products obtained with several oxidizers. Since chloric acid is a strong oxidant, we describe the degradation process with this reagent. The route is correct inasmuch as the same products were obtained, including the intermediates.

The Chemistry of Lindo and Fages Colour Tests

Lindo test for strychnine identification is based on the reaction of the alkaloid with potassium chlorate in the presence of sulphuric acid. Fages identified chlorates and bromates using strychnine in nitric acid. In fact, it is the same reaction but with different strong acid, and the product to be identified being interchanged. The reaction series occurring in these tests has not being described. We provide the electron flow from the alkaloid to the complex oxidation product resulting from the powerful oxidation properties of chloric acid.

Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Brotowali (Tinospora crispa L. Mier) Stem

Free radical in the body could cause degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, which could be prevented by the supplementation of antioxidant whether it is synthetic or natural. Flavanoids is a phenolic compound, was extracted from natural sources is known for its antioxidative potential. This research aimed to investigate the active compounds in brotowali (Tinospora crispa) stem to find new antioxidative potential using its ability to bind 2, 2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Brotowali stem was extracted using ethanol and fractioned using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. Water fraction was hydrolyzed by chloric acid. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract, water fraction, and hydrolized water fraction (subfraction I and subfraction II) were determined using spectrophotometry (DPPH methods). The compound of flavonoid was identified using KLT with AlCl3 reagent spray. The results showed that ethanol extract and water fraction of brotowali stem contained flavonoid glycoside of flavonol group. Antioxidant activity, quantified using IC50, of ethanol extract, water fraction, subfraction I and subfractiont II were 49.92μg/mL, 38.25 μg/mL, 36.12 μg/mL, and 16.18 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, this research was found that hydrolysis of water fraction using chloric acid like in subfraction I and subfraction II was able to improve its antioxidant activity.

Study on the grain size control of metatitanic acid in a mixture acid system based on Arrhenius and Boltzmann fitting

Herein, to control the particle size of metatitanic acid produced via titanium thermal hydrolysis in sulfuric–chloric acid (SCMA) solutions, the relationship between its grain size and hydrolysis parameters are discussed, and the corresponding methematical model is discussed using the experimental data.