Barrier defect in atopic dermatitis – possibilities and limits of basic skin therapy

Background:Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that induces several symptoms including pruritus and dryness, and is often associated with secondary cutaneous infections. AD is considered to be one of the most prevalent and studied skin diseases yet poorly understood, and its pathophysiology remains obscure. Even though other skin diseases (such as psoriasis) share the same pathologic factor -skin barrier defect - with atopic dermatitis, patients diagnosed with those diseases don't suffer infectious exacerbations like atopic patients do. Aim: Although many international researches have already discussed the relationship between staphylococcus aureus and AD, no studies about this subject in the Arabic region was documented. The aim of our study is to compare staphylococcus aureus colonization rates and densities between atopic dermatitis patients and non-atopic subjects, and to relate the colonization to the severity and duration of the disease. Materials and methods: This observational analytic study included 200 participants (99 diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and 101 control subjects without atopic dermatitis); nasal and skin swabs (lesional and non-lesional) were collected from patients, while nasal and only normal skin swabs were collected from controls. Positive swabs were assessed to determine the density of colonization. Results: 57.6% of patients had nasal colonization, 56.6% had lesional colonization and 30.3% had normal skin colonization. Nasal colonization rates and densities were higher in the patients group. We detected a correlation between colonization and severity of eczema, but no correlation between colonization and duration of the disease was detected. Conclusion: The high rates and densities of staphylococcus aureus colonization in lesional skin of atopic dermatitis patients point out the role of these organisms in the pathophysiology of the disease, put antibiotics on the treatment list of atopic dermatitis and explain infectious features in AD exacerbations.

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129 Characterisation of the skin barrier defect in atopic dermatitis using in vivo ATR-FTIR spectroscopy

Journal of Investigative Dermatology ◽

10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.147 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 136 (9) ◽

pp. S182

Author(s):

S. Danby ◽

H. Wan ◽

J. Chittock ◽

K. Brown ◽

A. Wigley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Ftir Spectroscopy ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Barrier Defect

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JAK-STAT Inhibitors in Atopic Dermatitis from Pathogenesis to Clinical Trials Results

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8111743 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1743 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krzysztof Szalus ◽

Magdalena Trzeciak ◽

Roman J. Nowicki

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Adult Population ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽

Common Disease ◽

Microbial Dysbiosis ◽

Barrier Defect ◽

Inflammatory Skin Disorder

A common disease worldwide is known as atopic dermatitis (AD), named also as atopic eczema, which is a chronic recurrent complex inflammatory skin disorder. It affects 2–10% of the adult population and up to 20% of the pediatric population. The clinical AD picture appears in typically localized eczema and dry skin, and is dominated by a persistent pruritus followed by sleep disturbances. AD strongly impacts on the quality of life of AD patients and their families as well as on social and economic aspects. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex and consists of multiple interactions between immunological disturbances, skin barrier defect, and microbial dysbiosis with environmental influences. The treatment of AD reflects the pathogenetic disorders, starting from basic emollient therapy, and goes to topical anti-inflammatory regimens followed by phototherapy, systemic immunosuppressive drugs, and new biologic immunomodulators. This paper will thus summarize the novel collection of biological treatment JAK-STAT inhibitors dedicated to AD.

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Skin barrier defect in atopic dermatitis: increased permeability of the stratum corneum using dimethyl sulfoxide and theophylline

Journal of Dermatological Science ◽

10.1016/0923-1811(93)90076-2 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 92-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Takashi Yoshiike ◽

Yosuke Aikawa ◽

Jirot Sindhvananda ◽

Hajime Suto ◽

Kumiko Nishimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Stratum Corneum ◽

Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Barrier Defect

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Oxidative Stress in Atopic Dermatitis

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2016/2721469 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Hongxiu Ji ◽

Xiao-Kang Li

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Scientific Progress ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Barrier Defect ◽

Pruritic Skin

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic skin disorder affecting many people especially young children. It is a disease caused by the combination of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and skin barrier defect. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests oxidative stress may play an important role in many skin diseases and skin aging, possibly including AD. In this review, we give an update on scientific progress linking oxidative stress to AD and discuss future treatment strategies for better disease control and improved quality of life for AD patients.

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Epidermal barrier defect in atopic dermatitis children and its role in the development of allergic sensitization and respiratory allergy

Rossiiskii Allergologicheskii ZHurnal ◽

10.36691/rja436 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 39-48

Author(s):

N B Migacheva ◽

A V Zhestkov ◽

T I Kaganova ◽

O G Elisutina ◽

G I Bibarsova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Young Children ◽

Allergic Disease ◽

Allergic Sensitization ◽

Respiratory Allergy ◽

Allergy Prevention ◽

Barrier Defect ◽

Allergic March ◽

Near Future ◽

New Strategies

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common allergic disease in young children which is often (almost in half of cases) the beginning of so-called «allergic march», followed by the addition of respiratory allergy symptoms. In this review we present some studies to explain one of the possible mechanisms for the realization of allergic march associated with transepidermal sensitization in atopic dermatitis infants. Perhaps, the data may help in establishment of new strategies for allergy prevention in the near future.

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Atopic Dermatitis and the Atopic March: What Is New?

Journal of Allergy ◽

10.1155/2011/279425 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Annalisa Patrizi ◽

Alessandro Pileri ◽

Federica Bellini ◽

Beatrice Raone ◽

Iria Neri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Population Studies ◽

Skin Permeability ◽

Preventive Strategies ◽

Complex Mechanism ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Atopic March ◽

Barrier Defect

Objective. In this paper the authors review the management of atopic dermatitis (AD) and the association between AD and allergic respiratory diseases. Data Sources. PubMed databases, researching articles in the last 15 years. Results. Studies about atopic march are cross-sectional population studies at different ages. They show that the most important predisposing factor for atopy is a decrease of the filaggrin's expression. Conclusions. The most modern theories seem to show that the most important factor which starts the atopic march is represented by an impaired epidermal barrier. It causes an increase in skin permeability to allergens that could induce sensitization even in the airways. The major predisposing factor is a primary inherited epithelial barrier defect resulting from filaggrin gene mutation, but other factors may play a role in this complex mechanism. Further studies are needed to focus on AD treatment and preventive strategies.

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