scholarly journals 129 Characterisation of the skin barrier defect in atopic dermatitis using in vivo ATR-FTIR spectroscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (9) ◽  
pp. S182
Author(s):  
S. Danby ◽  
H. Wan ◽  
J. Chittock ◽  
K. Brown ◽  
A. Wigley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Barrier Defect

Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization In Atopic Dermatitis Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Nora Harfouch ◽  
Fouz Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Barrier Defect ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disorder ◽  
Colonization Rates

Background:Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that induces several symptoms including pruritus and dryness, and is often associated with secondary cutaneous infections. AD is considered to be one of the most prevalent and studied skin diseases yet poorly understood, and its pathophysiology remains obscure. Even though other skin diseases (such as psoriasis) share the same pathologic factor -skin barrier defect - with atopic dermatitis, patients diagnosed with those diseases don't suffer infectious exacerbations like atopic patients do. Aim: Although many international researches have already discussed the relationship between staphylococcus aureus and AD, no studies about this subject in the Arabic region was documented. The aim of our study is to compare staphylococcus aureus colonization rates and densities between atopic dermatitis patients and non-atopic subjects, and to relate the colonization to the severity and duration of the disease. Materials and methods: This observational analytic study included 200 participants (99 diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and 101 control subjects without atopic dermatitis); nasal and skin swabs (lesional and non-lesional) were collected from patients, while nasal and only normal skin swabs were collected from controls. Positive swabs were assessed to determine the density of colonization. Results: 57.6% of patients had nasal colonization, 56.6% had lesional colonization and 30.3% had normal skin colonization. Nasal colonization rates and densities were higher in the patients group. We detected a correlation between colonization and severity of eczema, but no correlation between colonization and duration of the disease was detected. Conclusion: The high rates and densities of staphylococcus aureus colonization in lesional skin of atopic dermatitis patients point out the role of these organisms in the pathophysiology of the disease, put antibiotics on the treatment list of atopic dermatitis and explain infectious features in AD exacerbations.

scholarly journals JAK-STAT Inhibitors in Atopic Dermatitis from Pathogenesis to Clinical Trials Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Szalus ◽  
Magdalena Trzeciak ◽  
Roman J. Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Barrier Defect ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disorder

A common disease worldwide is known as atopic dermatitis (AD), named also as atopic eczema, which is a chronic recurrent complex inflammatory skin disorder. It affects 2–10% of the adult population and up to 20% of the pediatric population. The clinical AD picture appears in typically localized eczema and dry skin, and is dominated by a persistent pruritus followed by sleep disturbances. AD strongly impacts on the quality of life of AD patients and their families as well as on social and economic aspects. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex and consists of multiple interactions between immunological disturbances, skin barrier defect, and microbial dysbiosis with environmental influences. The treatment of AD reflects the pathogenetic disorders, starting from basic emollient therapy, and goes to topical anti-inflammatory regimens followed by phototherapy, systemic immunosuppressive drugs, and new biologic immunomodulators. This paper will thus summarize the novel collection of biological treatment JAK-STAT inhibitors dedicated to AD.

scholarly journals Mice lacking desmocollin 1 show epidermal fragility accompanied by barrier defects and abnormal differentiation

2001 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn Chidgey ◽  
Cord Brakebusch ◽  
Erika Gustafsson ◽  
Alan Cruchley ◽  
Chris Hail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Epidermal Differentiation ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Targeted Disruption ◽  
Genetically Engineered Mice ◽  
Barrier Defect ◽  
Strong Adhesion

The desmosomal cadherin desmocollin (Dsc)1 is expressed in upper epidermis where strong adhesion is required. To investigate its role in vivo, we have genetically engineered mice with a targeted disruption in the Dsc1 gene. Soon after birth, null mice exhibit flaky skin and a striking punctate epidermal barrier defect. The epidermis is fragile, and acantholysis in the granular layer generates localized lesions, compromising skin barrier function. Neutrophils accumulate in the lesions and further degrade the tissue, causing sloughing (flaking) of lesional epidermis, but rapid wound healing prevents the formation of overt lesions. Null epidermis is hyperproliferative and overexpresses keratins 6 and 16, indicating abnormal differentiation. From 6 wk, null mice develop ulcerating lesions resembling chronic dermatitis. We speculate that ulceration occurs after acantholysis in the fragile epidermis because environmental insults are more stringent and wound healing is less rapid than in neonatal mice. This dermatitis is accompanied by localized hair loss associated with formation of utriculi and dermal cysts, denoting hair follicle degeneration. Possible resemblance of the lesions to human blistering diseases is discussed. These results show that Dsc1 is required for strong adhesion and barrier maintenance in epidermis and contributes to epidermal differentiation.

Skin barrier defect in atopic dermatitis: increased permeability of the stratum corneum using dimethyl sulfoxide and theophylline

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Yoshiike ◽  
Yosuke Aikawa ◽  
Jirot Sindhvananda ◽  
Hajime Suto ◽  
Kumiko Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Barrier Defect

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in Atopic Dermatitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxiu Ji ◽  
Xiao-Kang Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Barrier Defect ◽  
Pruritic Skin

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic skin disorder affecting many people especially young children. It is a disease caused by the combination of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and skin barrier defect. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests oxidative stress may play an important role in many skin diseases and skin aging, possibly including AD. In this review, we give an update on scientific progress linking oxidative stress to AD and discuss future treatment strategies for better disease control and improved quality of life for AD patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Filming and Protective Properties of a New Trehalose and Ceramides Based Ingredient

Cosmetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Letteria Greco ◽  
Salviana Ullo ◽  
Luigi Rigano ◽  
Marco Fontana ◽  
Enzo Berardesca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Topical Formulation ◽  
Protective Properties

The aim of this study is showing the filming and skin barrier protective properties of a new ingredient based on ceramides and trehalose and carried in lipophilic vesicles composed of lecithin and cholesterol (or phytosterols). Through an in vivo study, the restructuring and hydrating properties of this trehalose and ceramides compound have been evaluated. Furthermore, this new ingredient has been used in a topical formulation for atopic dermatitis, proving to be effective in the alterations of skin barrier. This evidence makes it an interesting ingredient for topical dermatological compositions in the treatment of dermatitis and all manifestations correlated to these skin disorders, such as edema, swelling, rash, redness, and itching. Its soothing and protective action against the painful and annoying symptoms like those given by dermatitis makes this trehalose and ceramides based ingredient for topical use.

scholarly journals 3D-Organotypic Cultures to Unravel Molecular and Cellular Abnormalities in Atopic Dermatitis and Ichthyosis Vulgaris

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géraldine Leman ◽  
Verena Moosbrugger-Martinz ◽  
Stefan Blunder ◽  
Petra Pavel ◽  
Sandrine Dubrac
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Compound Heterozygous ◽  
Organotypic Cultures ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Ichthyosis Vulgaris ◽  
Barrier Defect ◽  
Complex Models

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by dry and itchy skin evolving into disseminated skin lesions. AD is believed to result from a primary acquired or a genetically-induced epidermal barrier defect leading to immune hyper-responsiveness. Filaggrin (FLG) is a protein found in the cornified envelope of fully differentiated keratinocytes, referred to as corneocytes. Although FLG null mutations are strongly associated with AD, they are not sufficient to induce the disease. Moreover, most patients with ichthyosis vulgaris (IV), a monogenetic skin disease characterized by FLG homozygous, heterozygous, or compound heterozygous null mutations, display non-inflamed dry and scaly skin. Thus, all causes of epidermal barrier impairment in AD have not yet been identified, including those leading to the Th2-predominant inflammation observed in AD. Three dimensional organotypic cultures have emerged as valuable tools in skin research, replacing animal experimentation in many cases and precluding the need for repeated patient biopsies. Here, we review the results on IV and AD obtained with epidermal or skin equivalents and consider these findings in the context of human in vivo data. Further research utilizing complex models including immune cells and cutaneous innervation will enable finer dissection of the pathogenesis of AD and deepen our knowledge of epidermal biology.

scholarly journals The Influence of Microbiome Dysbiosis and Bacterial Biofilms on Epidermal Barrier Function in Atopic Dermatitis—An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8403
Author(s):  
Leszek Blicharz ◽  
Lidia Rudnicka ◽  
Joanna Czuwara ◽  
Anna Waśkiel-Burnat ◽  
Mohamad Goldust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatosis ◽  
Barrier Defect

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory dermatosis affecting up to 30% of children and 10% of adults worldwide. AD is primarily driven by an epidermal barrier defect which triggers immune dysregulation within the skin. According to recent research such phenomena are closely related to the microbial dysbiosis of the skin. There is growing evidence that cutaneous microbiota and bacterial biofilms negatively affect skin barrier function, contributing to the onset and exacerbation of AD. This review summarizes the latest data on the mechanisms leading to microbiome dysbiosis and biofilm formation in AD, and the influence of these phenomena on skin barrier function.

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