scholarly journals Experimental Study of Laser-Induced Brass and Copper Plasma for Spectroscopic Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardian B. Gojani
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Boltzmann Plot ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Line Intensities ◽  
Profile Fitting ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Lorentzian Profile

This paper presents time-resolved and space-integrated laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic (LIBS) analysis of copper and brass plasma. It was observed that copper emission is very strong during the first hundred nanoseconds of the plasma, but then some lines (e.g., at 327.4 nm) decrease in intensity, while others (e.g., 521.8 nm) slightly increase. Zinc lines, on the other hand, did not decrease significantly in intensity even two microseconds after ablation, but they became narrower due to the decrease of the density of free electrons. Copper line intensities showed the same characteristics regardless whether the plasma was created in a metallic copper or brass sample. Assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium, plasma temperature, and electron density is obtained from Boltzmann plot and Lorentzian profile fitting, respectively. The effect of subsequent irradiation on the same spot was investigated, and the number of necessary shots for surface cleaning was determined.

ESTIMATION OF TEMPERATURE AND ELECTRON DENSITY IN STAINLESS STEEL PLASMA USING LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Shuhada Tan Halid ◽  
Roslinda Zainal ◽  
Yaacob Mat Daud
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Stainless Steel Sample ◽  
Boltzmann Plot ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

LIBS plasma produced by a 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in an atmospheric pressure was studied for the stainless steel sample. The laser output energy 150 mJ with pulse duration of 6 ns. The plasma emission spectrum was recorded by the LR1 Spectrometer connected to the fibre optic. The plasma temperature and electron density of each element were estimated by time-resolved spectroscopy of neutral atom and ion line emission. The plasma temperature was obtained from the Boltzmann plot method and their electron density was determined by using Saha-Boltzmann equation method. The preliminary qualitative LIBS analysis shows that several elements contained in the stainless steel. The element detected was Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Cr. The results shows that Mn and Fe has the highest plasma temperature of 1.2 eV,  but the electron density of Mn was the highest with value 4.6x1020 cm-3, while the Cu has the lowest temperature that is 0.73 eV with the electron density 2.8x1017 cm-3. The results are discussed.

Gold Nanoparticle-Enhanced Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Three-Dimensional Contour Imaging of an Aluminum Alloy

2020 ◽  
pp. 000370282097304
Author(s):  
Amal A. Khedr ◽  
Mahmoud A. Sliem ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Harith
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Boltzmann Plot ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

In the present work, nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy was used to analyze an aluminum alloy. Although LIBS has numerous advantages, it suffers from low sensitivity and low detection limits compared to other spectrochemical analytical methods. However, using gold nanoparticles helps to overcome such drawbacks and enhances the LIBS sensitivity in analyzing aluminum alloy in the current work. Aluminum was the major element in the analyzed samples (99.9%), while magnesium (Mg) was the minor element (0.1%). The spread of gold nanoparticles onto the Al alloy and using a laser with different pulse energies were exploited to enhance the Al alloy spectral lines. The results showed that Au NPs successfully improved the alloy spectral lines intensity by eight times, which could be useful for detecting many trace elements in higher matrix alloys. Under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium, the Boltzmann plot was used to calculate the plasma temperature. Besides, the electron density was calculated using Mg and H lines at Mg(I) at 285.2 nm and Hα(I) at 656.2 nm, respectively. Three-dimensional contour mapping and color fill images contributed to understanding the behavior of the involved effects.

scholarly journals Determination of Species Concentrations of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloys using Calibration Free Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tagreed K. Hamad ◽  
Hussein Thamer Salloom
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Boltzmann Plot ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Calibration Free

In this study, Calibration-free Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) was applied to quantitatively analyze the elemental composition of Ti-6Al-4V titanium based alloy samples with no need for matrix-matched calibration procedure. Nd:YAG pulsed laser operating at a wavelength of 1064 nm was focused onto the sample to generate plasma. The spectrum of plasma was recorded using spectrophotometer then compared to NIST spectral lines to determine characteristic wavelengths, energy levels and other spectroscopic parameters. The values of plasma temperature obtained using Boltzmann plot for four examined samples ranged from 7439 to 6826 K while the electron density for each element was determined using Boltzmann-Saha equation. The concentration of Ti, Al, V and Fe has been determined and were within the samples nominal concentrations obtained from XRF analysis.  The calculated average relative errors of Ti, Al, V and Fe were 0.39%, 4.38%, 4.94 % and 8.2 %, respectively. Finally, there was a direct proportionality relation between the ratio of ionic to neutral emission lines of Ti for four samples and the surface hardness values measured mechanically using Vickers hardness test. The ratio at   had the best linear regression value (R2=0.95) which indicates the best correlation with surface hardness.

Quantitative Analysis of the Element Silicon by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 1015 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Xiao Xia Zhao ◽  
Yu Qin Wang ◽  
Wen Feng Luo ◽  
Hai Yan Zhu ◽  
Yuan Yuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Stark Broadening ◽  
Boltzmann Plot ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Plasma Characteristics ◽  
532 Nm

The second harmonic of a pulsed Nd: YAG laser (532 nm) has been used for the ablation of aluminum alloy in air at atmospheric pressure and the laser-induced plasma characteristics are examined in detail. The electron density of 6.7 × 1017cm-3is inferred from the Stark broadening of the profile of Si (I) 288.16 nm, while the plasma temperature (5982 K) is obtained using the Boltzmann plot method of four neutral aluminum lines. The calibration curve for silicon is established using a set of six samples of standard aluminum alloy, and its limit of detection is 0.0681 wt%. The plasma is verified to be in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) based on the experimental results.

scholarly journals Analytical Approach of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy to Detect Elemental Profile of Medicinal Plants Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Abdul Jabbar ◽  
Mahmood Akhtar ◽  
Shaukat Mehmood ◽  
Koo Hendrick Kurniawan ◽  
Rinda Hedwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Boltzmann Plot ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Laser ablation chemical and spectroscopic studies of Calotropis procera, Chenopodium ambrosioides, and Nerium indicum leaves was performed using 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser in air at different pressure and time delay. These medicinal plant’s leaves are used by local people for different diseases. The knowledge of medicinal and toxic metals in these plants is very important. We have presented time-resolved studies of different elements and how their lives change with different delay time. C, H, Si, Al, Fe, Cu, Ca, Mg, Na, K, N, O, Sr and Ba have been detected in all the three samples with a molecular form of Carbon and Nitrogen band. We have detected C, H, N, and O as a major element while, Fe, Cu, Mg, K and Ca as essential medicinal metals with other trace elements such as Si, Sr, Al and Ba in all the three plants leaves. We present 1 µs delay time is the best time for elements lifetime in time resolved studies. The behaviour of intensity with different pressures was also studied and it was concluded that 7 torr was the best pressure for the maximum value of intensity. In particular, the electron density and the temperatures of the plasma were reported. The temperature was calculated from the well-known Boltzmann plot method and electron density was estimated from the stark broadened profile of the Hα line.

scholarly journals A comparative study of Cu–Ni Alloy using LIBS, LA-TOF, EDX, and XRF

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ahmed ◽  
R. Ahmed ◽  
M. Rafiqe ◽  
M.A. Baig
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Stark Broadening ◽  
Boltzmann Plot ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Calibration Free ◽  
The One

AbstractLASER induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used for the quantitative analysis of Cu–Ni alloy of known composition (75% Cu, 25% Ni) using the one line calibration free-LIBS (OLCF-LIBS), self-calibration-LIBS (SC-LIBS), calibration free LIBS (CF-LIBS), time of flight-mass spectroscopy (TOF-MS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). For the LIBS-based studies, the plasma was generated by focusing the beam of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, pulse energy about 200 mJ, 5 ns pulse duration) while the sample was placed in air at an atmospheric pressure. Plasma temperature about (9500 ± 300) K was calculated by the Boltzmann plot method using the neutral lines of Cu and Ni whereas the electron number density was calculated (2.0 ± 0.5) × 1016 cm−3 from the Stark broadening of an isolated Cu line as well as using the relative intensities of the neutral and singly ionized optically thin lines in the Saha–Boltzmann equation. The elemental compositions determined by different LIBS methods and standard techniques are; OLCF-LIBS (69% Cu and 31% Ni), SC-LIBS (72% Cu and 28% Ni), CF-LIBS (74% Cu and 26% Ni), TOF (74% Cu and 26% Ni), EDX (75% Cu and 24.5% Ni), XRF (73% Cu and 24.7% Ni), and LA-TOF (74% Cu and 26% Ni). It is demonstrated that the CF-LIBS method gives compositions comparable with that determined by LA-TOF, EDX, or XRF, which is also in agreement with the certified reported composition.

Determination of Stark Shifts and Widths Using Time Resolved Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 913-920
Author(s):  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
Swetapuspa Soumyashree ◽  
Nageswara Rao Epuru ◽  
Swaroop B. Banerjee ◽  
R. P. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Stark Broadening ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Central Wavelength ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
Time Resolved Measurements

Stark broadening parameters have been estimated for resonant lines of Al(I) using time resolved measurements. The relation between the various emission line characteristics at different phases of opacity have been utilized to obtain the value of plasma temperature and Stark width parameters from the experimental data. The observed value of the center line intensity and Lorentzian component of the line width are compared against a simulated value of these parameters for optically thin case. The plasma temperature and Stark broadening parameters are obtained for the best fit condition by matching the experimentally observed and the simulated values of intensity and line widths. The time resolved measurements result in much better estimates for Stark parameters by allowing multiple points for fitting keeping the number of variables limited. The Stark shift parameters are also obtained from the slope of the plot of observed central wavelength shifts versus observed electron number density which is measured as a function of time. Hence, a method utilizing multiple-time observation data to obtain the Stark broadening parameters for lines showing self-absorption has been demonstrated.

Determination of Carbon Content in Steel Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1382-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Aguilera ◽  
C. Aragón ◽  
J. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has been used to determine carbon content in steel. The plasma was formed by focusing a Nd:YAG laser on the sample surface. With the use of time-resolved spectroscopy and generation of the plasma in nitrogen atmosphere, a precision of 1.6% and a detection limit of 65 ppm have been obtained. These values are similar to those of other accurate conventional techniques. Matrix effects for the studied steels are reduced to a small slope difference between the calibration curves for stainless and nonstainless steels.

scholarly journals Influence of Lead on the Interpretation of Bone Samples with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Abdolhamed Shahedi ◽  
Esmaeil Eslami ◽  
Mohammad Reza Nourani
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Group A ◽  
Atomic Lines ◽  
Group B

This study is devoted to tracing and identifying the elements available in bone sample using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). The bone samples were prepared from the thigh of laboratory rats, which consumed 325.29 g/mol lead acetate having 4 mM concentration in specified time duration. About 76 atomic lines have been analyzed and we found that the dominant elements are Ca I, Ca II, Mg I, Mg II, Fe I, and Fe II. Temperature curve and bar graph were drawn to compare bone elements of group B which consumed lead with normal group, group A, in the same laboratory conditions. Plasma parameters including plasma temperature and electron density were determined by considering Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) condition in the plasma. An inverse relationship has been detected between lead absorption and elements like Calcium and Magnesium absorption comparing elemental values for both the groups.

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