ESTIMATION OF TEMPERATURE AND ELECTRON DENSITY IN STAINLESS STEEL PLASMA USING LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Shuhada Tan Halid ◽  
Roslinda Zainal ◽  
Yaacob Mat Daud
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Stainless Steel Sample ◽  
Boltzmann Plot ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

LIBS plasma produced by a 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in an atmospheric pressure was studied for the stainless steel sample. The laser output energy 150 mJ with pulse duration of 6 ns. The plasma emission spectrum was recorded by the LR1 Spectrometer connected to the fibre optic. The plasma temperature and electron density of each element were estimated by time-resolved spectroscopy of neutral atom and ion line emission. The plasma temperature was obtained from the Boltzmann plot method and their electron density was determined by using Saha-Boltzmann equation method. The preliminary qualitative LIBS analysis shows that several elements contained in the stainless steel. The element detected was Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Cr. The results shows that Mn and Fe has the highest plasma temperature of 1.2 eV,  but the electron density of Mn was the highest with value 4.6x1020 cm-3, while the Cu has the lowest temperature that is 0.73 eV with the electron density 2.8x1017 cm-3. The results are discussed.

scholarly journals Analytical Approach of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy to Detect Elemental Profile of Medicinal Plants Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Abdul Jabbar ◽  
Mahmood Akhtar ◽  
Shaukat Mehmood ◽  
Koo Hendrick Kurniawan ◽  
Rinda Hedwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Boltzmann Plot ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Laser ablation chemical and spectroscopic studies of Calotropis procera, Chenopodium ambrosioides, and Nerium indicum leaves was performed using 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser in air at different pressure and time delay. These medicinal plant’s leaves are used by local people for different diseases. The knowledge of medicinal and toxic metals in these plants is very important. We have presented time-resolved studies of different elements and how their lives change with different delay time. C, H, Si, Al, Fe, Cu, Ca, Mg, Na, K, N, O, Sr and Ba have been detected in all the three samples with a molecular form of Carbon and Nitrogen band. We have detected C, H, N, and O as a major element while, Fe, Cu, Mg, K and Ca as essential medicinal metals with other trace elements such as Si, Sr, Al and Ba in all the three plants leaves. We present 1 µs delay time is the best time for elements lifetime in time resolved studies. The behaviour of intensity with different pressures was also studied and it was concluded that 7 torr was the best pressure for the maximum value of intensity. In particular, the electron density and the temperatures of the plasma were reported. The temperature was calculated from the well-known Boltzmann plot method and electron density was estimated from the stark broadened profile of the Hα line.

Gold Nanoparticle-Enhanced Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Three-Dimensional Contour Imaging of an Aluminum Alloy

2020 ◽  
pp. 000370282097304
Author(s):  
Amal A. Khedr ◽  
Mahmoud A. Sliem ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Harith
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Boltzmann Plot ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

In the present work, nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy was used to analyze an aluminum alloy. Although LIBS has numerous advantages, it suffers from low sensitivity and low detection limits compared to other spectrochemical analytical methods. However, using gold nanoparticles helps to overcome such drawbacks and enhances the LIBS sensitivity in analyzing aluminum alloy in the current work. Aluminum was the major element in the analyzed samples (99.9%), while magnesium (Mg) was the minor element (0.1%). The spread of gold nanoparticles onto the Al alloy and using a laser with different pulse energies were exploited to enhance the Al alloy spectral lines. The results showed that Au NPs successfully improved the alloy spectral lines intensity by eight times, which could be useful for detecting many trace elements in higher matrix alloys. Under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium, the Boltzmann plot was used to calculate the plasma temperature. Besides, the electron density was calculated using Mg and H lines at Mg(I) at 285.2 nm and Hα(I) at 656.2 nm, respectively. Three-dimensional contour mapping and color fill images contributed to understanding the behavior of the involved effects.

Influence of sample temperature on the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of a molybdenum–tungsten alloy

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2378-2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Hai ◽  
Zhonglin He ◽  
Ding Wu ◽  
Weina Tong ◽  
Harse Sattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Sample Temperature ◽  
Tungsten Alloy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectral Emission ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

During laser ablation, the spectral emission intensity, plasma temperature and electron density increased significantly with increasing sample temperature.

scholarly journals Determination of Species Concentrations of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloys using Calibration Free Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tagreed K. Hamad ◽  
Hussein Thamer Salloom
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Boltzmann Plot ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Calibration Free

In this study, Calibration-free Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) was applied to quantitatively analyze the elemental composition of Ti-6Al-4V titanium based alloy samples with no need for matrix-matched calibration procedure. Nd:YAG pulsed laser operating at a wavelength of 1064 nm was focused onto the sample to generate plasma. The spectrum of plasma was recorded using spectrophotometer then compared to NIST spectral lines to determine characteristic wavelengths, energy levels and other spectroscopic parameters. The values of plasma temperature obtained using Boltzmann plot for four examined samples ranged from 7439 to 6826 K while the electron density for each element was determined using Boltzmann-Saha equation. The concentration of Ti, Al, V and Fe has been determined and were within the samples nominal concentrations obtained from XRF analysis.  The calculated average relative errors of Ti, Al, V and Fe were 0.39%, 4.38%, 4.94 % and 8.2 %, respectively. Finally, there was a direct proportionality relation between the ratio of ionic to neutral emission lines of Ti for four samples and the surface hardness values measured mechanically using Vickers hardness test. The ratio at   had the best linear regression value (R2=0.95) which indicates the best correlation with surface hardness.

scholarly journals Plasma Temperature and Electron Density Determination Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in Earth’s and Mars’s Atmospheres

Atoms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Julian Stetzler ◽  
Shijun Tang ◽  
Rosemarie C. Chinni
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Stark Broadening ◽  
Hydrogen Line ◽  
Electron Densities ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Carbon Peak

The purpose of this study was to calculate and compare the plasma temperatures and electron densities from the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) data collected by NASA’s Martian rover and compare them to samples measured in Earth’s atmosphere. Using the Boltzmann plots, LIBS plasma temperatures were obtained for each site. The analysis focused on titanium lines that were located in the spectral region between 300 and 310 nm. The electron density was measured using the Stark broadening of the hydrogen line at 656.6 nm; the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of this line can be measured and correlated to the electron density of the plasma. Due to a neighboring carbon peak with the hydrogen line seen in many of the spectra from the Martian sites, the FWHM needed to be calculated using a computer program that completed the other side of the hydrogen line and then it calculated the FWHM for those data samples affected by this. The plasma temperatures and electron densities of the Martian sites were compared to LIBS samples taken on Earth.

Quantitative Analysis of the Element Silicon by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 1015 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Xiao Xia Zhao ◽  
Yu Qin Wang ◽  
Wen Feng Luo ◽  
Hai Yan Zhu ◽  
Yuan Yuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Stark Broadening ◽  
Boltzmann Plot ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Plasma Characteristics ◽  
532 Nm

The second harmonic of a pulsed Nd: YAG laser (532 nm) has been used for the ablation of aluminum alloy in air at atmospheric pressure and the laser-induced plasma characteristics are examined in detail. The electron density of 6.7 × 1017cm-3is inferred from the Stark broadening of the profile of Si (I) 288.16 nm, while the plasma temperature (5982 K) is obtained using the Boltzmann plot method of four neutral aluminum lines. The calibration curve for silicon is established using a set of six samples of standard aluminum alloy, and its limit of detection is 0.0681 wt%. The plasma is verified to be in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) based on the experimental results.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic analysis of magnesium-aluminum alloys by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (36) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Ali A-K. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Stark Broadening ◽  
Boltzmann Plot ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Electron Density Increase ◽  
Atomic Lines

In this work, the spectra of plasma glow produced by Nd:YAG laser operated at 1.064 μm on Al-Mg alloys with same molar ratio samples in air were analyzed by comparing the atomic lines of aluminum and magnesium with that of strong standard lines. The effect of laser energies on spectral lines, produced by laser ablation, were investigated using optical spectroscopy, the electron density was measured utilizing the Stark broadening of magnesium-aluminum lines and the electron temperature was calculated from the standard Boltzmann plot method. The results that show the electron temperature increases in magnesium and aluminum targets but decreases in magnesium: aluminum alloy target, also show the electron density increase all the aluminum, magnesium and mix both them, It was found that the lines intensities at different laser peak powers increase when the laser peak power increases then decreases when the power continues to increase.

Energy Dependence of Emission Intensity and Temperature in a LIBS Plasma Using Femtosecond Excitation

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine L. Eland ◽  
Dimitra N. Stratis ◽  
David M. Gold ◽  
Scott R. Goode ◽  
S. Michael Angel
Keyword(s):  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Background Intensity ◽  
Pulse Excitation ◽  
Intensity Increase ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

In this paper, we investigate the effect of laser energy on laser-induced breakdown emission intensity and average temperature in a short-pulse plasma generated by using 140 fs laser excitation. Both line emission and continuum background intensity and plasma temperature decrease very rapidly after excitation compared to the more conventional nanosecond pulse excitation. Both emission intensity and plasma temperature increase with increasing laser energy. However, the intensity increase appears to be mostly related to the amount of material ablated. Also, nongated laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is demonstrated using a high-pulse (1 kHz) pulse repetition rate.

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