scholarly journals Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Cultivar Adaptation, Biomass Production, and Cellulose Concentration as Affected by Latitude of Origin

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Jefferson ◽  
W. Paul McCaughey
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cellulose Concentration

Ten cultivars of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) of northern and southern origins that had demonstrated adaptation to North Dakota were evaluated for biomass production, cellulose concentration, and nutritive value in the southern Canadian prairie region: Saskatchewan and Manitoba. In this region, cultivars adapted to northern latitudes present interest for biomass production. Latitude of origin of the cultivars was positively correlated to stand density (r=0.83, P<0.01), biomass production (r=0.69, P<0.01), and cellulose (r=0.84, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with organic matter digestibility (r=−0.86, P<0.01) and N (r=−0.85, P<0.01). Dacotah and ND 3743, the northern origin cultivars, were more persistent in Brandon, MB (94 to 100% stand density) and exhibited higher cellulose and hemicellulose concentrations than southern cultivars. Southern cultivars produced higher biomass than northern-origin cultivars until they suffered significant stand and biomass decline. Cave-in-Rock, the southern origin cultivar, did not persist in the third year after seeding. However, southern-adapted cultivars exhibited better nutritive value for grazing cattle. We conclude that switchgrass production in the southern Canadian prairie should utilize the USA cultivars from northern latitudes or adapted Canadian cultivars should be developed.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ УМОВ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ НА КІЛЬКІСНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ РОСЛИН СВІТЧГРАСУ (PANICUM VIRGATUM L.) ПЕРШОГО РОКУ ВЕҐЕТАЦІЇ

2012 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
М. І. Кулик
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
First Year ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L

Наведено обґрунтування доцільності використан-ня відновлювальних ресурсів на основі вирощування„енерґетичних культур” (на прикладі світчграсу –проса лозовидного) на деградованих ґрунтах із ме-тою отримання сировини для виробництва біопа-лива. Подано фенологічні спостереження – трива-лість міжфазних періодів протягом росту і роз-витку рослин при веґетації культури першого рокужиття та встановлено кількісні показники (ви-соту і густоту рослин), їх взаємозв’язок для фор-мування фітомаси світчграсу залежно від дослі-джуваних сортів за різної ширина міжрядь. The article investigates the suitability of growing switchgrass ondegraded soils with the aim of obtaining the raw material for biofuelproduction. Phenological observations during the growth anddevelopment of the first year plants were performed. Quantitativeparameters (height and stand density) of different varieties and theirinterrelationship for biomass production depending on row spacingwere evaluated.

scholarly journals Long-Term Productivity of Thirteen Lowland and Upland Switchgrass Ecotypes in the Mediterranean Region

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 923
Author(s):  
Efthymia Alexopoulou ◽  
Federica Zanetti ◽  
Eleni G. Papazoglou ◽  
Konstantinos Iordanoglou ◽  
Andrea Monti
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Biomass Crop ◽  
The North ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Marginal Soil

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been identified in the USA as an ideal biomass crop, in relation to its wide environmental suitability, mainly linked to the availability of both upland and lowland ecotypes, allowing the possibility of growing this species in most of the North American region. Switchgrass is conventionally grown for forage, but more recently, it has been considered as a model biofuel crop. Early European studies on switchgrass as a bioenergy crop started in the late 1990s, when a multi-location field trial was established in Greece (Aliartos) and Italy (Ozzano) to compare the productivity of 13 switchgrass genotypes, including upland (Carthage, Blackwell, Caddo, CIR, Forestburg, SU 94-1, Summer) and lowland (Alamo, Kanlow, Pangburn, SL 93-2, SL 93-3, SL94-1) genotypes. The scope was to identify the most suitable ecotype within each environment and, possibly, the best performing variety. The trials lasted 17 years (1998–2014) in Greece and 13 years (1998–2010) in Italy. While in Italy the trial was rainfed and unfertilized, in Greece, where the soil was marginal, drip irrigation was always applied, and the plots were fertilized regularly. The biomass yields in Greece, as averages across the 17 years, were similar for the lowland and upland varieties (11.5 vs. 11.1 Mg ha−1, respectively), while in Italy, as averages across the 13 years, the differences were relevant: 15.4 vs. 11.3 Mg ha−1 for lowland and upland, respectively. Alamo (lowland) was the most productive variety, both in Greece and Italy, with average annual yields of 12.7 and 16.6 Mg ha−1, respectively; CIR in Greece (10.1 Mg ha−1) and Forestburg in Italy (9.1 Mg ha−1) (both upland) were the least productive genotypes. The present results demonstrate the good suitability of switchgrass as biomass crop for the Mediterranean climate. Despite the very marginal soil (i.e., very shallow and with a sandy texture) in the Greek trial, the application of regular fertilization and irrigation produced biomass yields above 11 Mg ha−1 (grand mean) in the present 17-year-long study.

Nutrient sources and harvesting frequency on quality biomass production of switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L .) for biofuel

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesuf Assen Mohammed ◽  
William Raun ◽  
Gopal Kakani ◽  
Hailin Zhang ◽  
Randy Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L

scholarly journals Outbreak of Smut Caused by Tilletia maclaganii on Cultivated Switchgrass in Iowa

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Gravert ◽  
L. H. Tiffany ◽  
G. P. Munkvold
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Iowa State College ◽  
State College ◽  
The North ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L ◽  
Seed Yields

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a prairie grass native to Iowa, is cultivated for forage and biomass production. During the late 1990s, biomass and seed yields of switchgrass grown in southern Iowa began to decline, and the reduction has been attributed to unidentified diseases. In 1999, many plants in previously low-yielding fields were stunted and flowered prematurely. Glumes had an uncharacteristic purple pigmentation, and seeds had been replaced by fungal spores. A smut fungus identified as Tilletia maclaganii (Berk.) G.P. Clinton (1) was associated consistently with fields that yielded poorly. Teliospores were red-orange when immature and turned dark brown as they matured. Teliospores were globose to slightly irregular, ≈18 to 25 µm in diameter, finely verrucose, with a thick exospore. True sterile cells also were present. T. maclaganii infects switchgrass and has been reported previously in Iowa (2), although it is found only occasionally on the state's native switchgrass. The prevalence and incidence of disease was surveyed in late August 1999. A weighted random sampling procedure was used to select switchgrass production fields from 60 fields involved in the Chariton Valley Biomass Project. Fields were located in Appanoose, Lucas, Monroe, and Wayne counties in southern Iowa. The sampling procedure was designed so the probability of each field being chosen was proportional to its area. This resulted in samples being taken from 17 fields representing ≈50% of the total area of the 60 fields. All sampled fields were planted with the predominant cultivar, Cave-in-Rock. In each field, five 1-m2 samples (≈60 to 250 tillers) were taken from arbitrary points. The incidence of smut (percentage of tillers with smut) was calculated for each sample. Smut was found in 15 of 17 fields. We estimated that 50 to 82% of the area in switchgrass production in these counties was infested with T. maclaganii. The mean incidence of smut was estimated at 10.1% of all tillers in the area. Incidence in individual fields ranged from 0 to 70%. Fields with incidence >50% yielded less than half of the expected biomass. Some infested seed-production fields were a total loss in 1999. This disease presents a serious threat to the cultivation of switchgrass for biomass production in southern Iowa. The disease cycle for T. maclaganii is poorly documented, but because switchgrass is a perennial species, it is likely that affected fields will have recurring epidemics. Susceptibility of other cultivars is unknown but needs to be investigated. References: (1) G. W. Fischer. 1953. Manual of the North American Smut Fungi. Ronald Press, NY. (2) J. C. Gilman and W. A. Archer. The fungi of Iowa parasitic on plants. Iowa State College J. Sci. 3:299, 1929.

SPRING GROWTH AND TILLER CHARACTERISTICS OF SWITCHGRASS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. GEORGE ◽  
G. S. REIGH
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L

Field studies were conducted in 1980 and 1981 to characterize spring growth and tiller height characteristics of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Three cultivars (Cave-in-Rock (C), Pathfinder (P), and Blackwell (B)) were grown with 0 or 90 kg N ha−1. Tillers were harvested to a 10-mm stubble height on three dates at 1-wk intervals beginning in late May. Significant differences in spring growth and tiller characteristics were observed among cultivars. Tiller densities were lower for C (667 m−2) than for P (1141 m−2) and B (1180 m−2), but individual C tillers were larger because of greater leaf blade (406 vs. 238 and 230 mg for P and B, respectively) and stem (354 vs. 180 and 158 mg) weights per tiller. Mean stem yield per square metre for C (249 g m−2) was greater than for P (207 g m−2) and B (195 g m−2), indicating more rapid developmental growth and stem elongation of C, but no forage quality disadvantage for C when utilized for pasture because leaf blade yield per square metre was similar among cultivars and livestock graze selectively. Fertilization with N increased tiller density (B > P > C), leaf blade yield per square metre (+ 27%), and stem yield per square metre (+ 35%), the last because of hastened developmental growth and stem elongation. A linear increase in growth rate of leaf blade (18.0 g m−2 d−1 in 1980 and 8.9 g in 1981) and stem (23.7 g m−2 d−1 in 1980 and 10.4 g in 1981) was observed, the smaller rates in 1981 presumably because of cooler and drier growing conditions. Leaf tip, upper leaf collar, and apical meristem heights for C were always greater than for P and B, indicating that early or close defoliation would be more serious for C. Mean heights were increased from 23 to 31% by N fertilization. Daily rates of change were 2.12, 1.24 and 1.09 cm in 1980 and 0.78, 0.44 and 0.40 cm in 1981 for leaf tip, upper collar, and apical meristem heights, respectively.Key words: Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., stand density, dry matter yield, tiller characteristics, spring growth

Outbreak of Smut Caused by Tilletia maclaganiion Cultivated Switchgrass in Iowa

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
C. E. Gravert ◽  
L. H. Tiffany ◽  
G. P. Munkvold
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Seed Yields

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a prairie grass native to Iowa, is cultivated for forage and biomass production. During the late 1990s, biomass and seed yields of switchgrass grown in southern Iowa began to decline, and the reduction has been attributed to unidentified diseases. Posted 15 August 2000.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Biomass Production under Drought Conditions by the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Sebacina vermifera

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (19) ◽  
pp. 7063-7067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sita R. Ghimire ◽  
Kelly D. Craven
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Bioenergy Crop ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Sebacina Vermifera

ABSTRACTExperiments were conducted to examine the effects of cocultivating the important bioenergy crop switchgrass with the ectomycorrhizal fungusSebacina vermiferaunder severe drought conditions. Plants cocultivated with the fungus produced significantly higher biomass and had a higher macronutrient content than uninoculated control plants under both adequately watered and drought conditions.

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