SPRING GROWTH AND TILLER CHARACTERISTICS OF SWITCHGRASS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. GEORGE ◽  
G. S. REIGH
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L

Field studies were conducted in 1980 and 1981 to characterize spring growth and tiller height characteristics of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Three cultivars (Cave-in-Rock (C), Pathfinder (P), and Blackwell (B)) were grown with 0 or 90 kg N ha−1. Tillers were harvested to a 10-mm stubble height on three dates at 1-wk intervals beginning in late May. Significant differences in spring growth and tiller characteristics were observed among cultivars. Tiller densities were lower for C (667 m−2) than for P (1141 m−2) and B (1180 m−2), but individual C tillers were larger because of greater leaf blade (406 vs. 238 and 230 mg for P and B, respectively) and stem (354 vs. 180 and 158 mg) weights per tiller. Mean stem yield per square metre for C (249 g m−2) was greater than for P (207 g m−2) and B (195 g m−2), indicating more rapid developmental growth and stem elongation of C, but no forage quality disadvantage for C when utilized for pasture because leaf blade yield per square metre was similar among cultivars and livestock graze selectively. Fertilization with N increased tiller density (B > P > C), leaf blade yield per square metre (+ 27%), and stem yield per square metre (+ 35%), the last because of hastened developmental growth and stem elongation. A linear increase in growth rate of leaf blade (18.0 g m−2 d−1 in 1980 and 8.9 g in 1981) and stem (23.7 g m−2 d−1 in 1980 and 10.4 g in 1981) was observed, the smaller rates in 1981 presumably because of cooler and drier growing conditions. Leaf tip, upper leaf collar, and apical meristem heights for C were always greater than for P and B, indicating that early or close defoliation would be more serious for C. Mean heights were increased from 23 to 31% by N fertilization. Daily rates of change were 2.12, 1.24 and 1.09 cm in 1980 and 0.78, 0.44 and 0.40 cm in 1981 for leaf tip, upper collar, and apical meristem heights, respectively.Key words: Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., stand density, dry matter yield, tiller characteristics, spring growth

NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY AND N FRACTIONS IN TIMOTHY AND SWITCH GRASS AS INFLUENCED BY N AND S FERTILIZATION

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1151-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. FRIEDRICH ◽  
DALE SMITH ◽  
L. E. SCHRADER
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Total N ◽  
Switch Grass ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L ◽  
N Fractions

The effects of N and S fertilization on nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and N fractions were studied in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and switch grass (Panicum virgatum L.). Soil cores of timothy and switch grass plants were obtained from a marginally S-deficient area at Madison, Wisconsin. The cores were placed in growth chambers maintained near the optimal temperature for each species. Three rates of N (0, 224, 448 kg N/ha as Ca(NO3)2) and three rates of S (0, 11.2, and 22.4 kg S/ha as CaSO4) were applied in all possible combinations. Plants were harvested at anthesis and NRA in the leaves (blades) was determined. Total N, reduced N, nitrate-N (NO−3-N), and free α-amino N concentrations (concns.) were measured in leaves and stems (culms, leaf sheaths, and inflorescences). Fertilization with S had little effect on the concn. of any N fraction or on NRA in either species. Switch grass and timothy were not S-deficient as indicated by tissue S concn. Total N, NO−3-N, and free α-amino N concns. increased significantly in all plant fractions of both species with each increment of N fertilization. "Toxic" concns. of NO−3-N accumulated in timothy leaves when N was applied. Switch grass leaf NO−3-N concn. was less than one-half that found in timothy. NRA and concn. of reduced N in timothy leaves increased significantly only with the first increment of N fertilization. NRA and concn. of reduced N in switch grass leaves increased significantly with each increment of N fertilization. NRA was significantly correlated (0.01 level) with the concn. of every N fraction in the leaves of both species.

scholarly journals Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Cultivar Adaptation, Biomass Production, and Cellulose Concentration as Affected by Latitude of Origin

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Jefferson ◽  
W. Paul McCaughey
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cellulose Concentration

Ten cultivars of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) of northern and southern origins that had demonstrated adaptation to North Dakota were evaluated for biomass production, cellulose concentration, and nutritive value in the southern Canadian prairie region: Saskatchewan and Manitoba. In this region, cultivars adapted to northern latitudes present interest for biomass production. Latitude of origin of the cultivars was positively correlated to stand density (r=0.83, P<0.01), biomass production (r=0.69, P<0.01), and cellulose (r=0.84, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with organic matter digestibility (r=−0.86, P<0.01) and N (r=−0.85, P<0.01). Dacotah and ND 3743, the northern origin cultivars, were more persistent in Brandon, MB (94 to 100% stand density) and exhibited higher cellulose and hemicellulose concentrations than southern cultivars. Southern cultivars produced higher biomass than northern-origin cultivars until they suffered significant stand and biomass decline. Cave-in-Rock, the southern origin cultivar, did not persist in the third year after seeding. However, southern-adapted cultivars exhibited better nutritive value for grazing cattle. We conclude that switchgrass production in the southern Canadian prairie should utilize the USA cultivars from northern latitudes or adapted Canadian cultivars should be developed.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ УМОВ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ НА КІЛЬКІСНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ РОСЛИН СВІТЧГРАСУ (PANICUM VIRGATUM L.) ПЕРШОГО РОКУ ВЕҐЕТАЦІЇ

2012 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
М. І. Кулик
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
First Year ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L

Наведено обґрунтування доцільності використан-ня відновлювальних ресурсів на основі вирощування„енерґетичних культур” (на прикладі світчграсу –проса лозовидного) на деградованих ґрунтах із ме-тою отримання сировини для виробництва біопа-лива. Подано фенологічні спостереження – трива-лість міжфазних періодів протягом росту і роз-витку рослин при веґетації культури першого рокужиття та встановлено кількісні показники (ви-соту і густоту рослин), їх взаємозв’язок для фор-мування фітомаси світчграсу залежно від дослі-джуваних сортів за різної ширина міжрядь. The article investigates the suitability of growing switchgrass ondegraded soils with the aim of obtaining the raw material for biofuelproduction. Phenological observations during the growth anddevelopment of the first year plants were performed. Quantitativeparameters (height and stand density) of different varieties and theirinterrelationship for biomass production depending on row spacingwere evaluated.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on yield, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Wile ◽  
David L. Burton ◽  
Mehdi Sharifi ◽  
Derek Lynch ◽  
Michael Main ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate

Wile, A., Burton, D. L., Sharifi, M., Lynch, D., Main, M. and Papadopoulos, Y. A. 2014. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on yield, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.). Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 129–137. This 2-yr (2008–2009) study conducted in Truro, Nova Scotia, measured plant biomass production (yield and ash content) and greenhouse gas emissions (methane and nitrous oxide), from the bioenergy crops switchgrass (SG; Panicum virgatum L.) and reed canarygrass (RCG; Phalaris arundinacea L.) receiving spring application of nitrogen fertilizer at 0, 40 and 120 kg N ha−1. In both years, crop yields were unresponsive to N fertilizer. In 2008, SG average yields were greater than RCG producing 7.0 vs. 4.6 Mg ha−1, respectively, while ash content was significantly greater for RCG in both years. Cumulative seasonal (May–November) N2O emissions were<1 kg N2O-N ha−1 in 2008 and<0.2 kg N2O-N ha−1 in 2009 with crop (SG>RCG) and N fertilizer (N120>N40=N0) effects found in 2008 only. Nitrate exposure was greater for SG in 2008 only, but responded to N fertilization in both years (N120>N0). These crops were net sinks for methane and the magnitude of the sink was not influenced by crop type, N fertilization or year. Despite lower yields, the greenhouse gas intensity calculated for RCG (−2 to 20 kg CO2e t−1 biomass) was lower than for SG (8 – 60 kg CO2e t−1 biomass) as a result of lower N2O emissions.

scholarly journals Internode structure and cell wall composition in maturing tillers of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum. L)

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (16) ◽  
pp. 2985-2992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Sarath ◽  
Lisa M. Baird ◽  
Kenneth P. Vogel ◽  
Robert B. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L

scholarly journals Reducing Topdressing N Fertilization with Variable Rates Does Not Reduce Maize Yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8059
Author(s):  
Calogero Schillaci ◽  
Tommaso Tadiello ◽  
Marco Acutis ◽  
Alessia Perego
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Significant Difference

Proximal sensing represents a growing avenue for precision fertilization and crop growth monitoring. In the last decade, precision agriculture technology has become affordable in many countries; Global Positioning Systems for automatic guidance instruments and proximal sensors can be used to guide the distribution of nutrients such as nitrogen (N) fertilization using real-time applications. A two-year field experiment (2017–2018) was carried out to quantify maize yield in response to variable rate (VR) N distribution, which was determined with a proximal vigour sensor, as an alternative to a fixed rate (FR) in a cereal-livestock farm located in the Po valley (northern Italy). The amount of N distributed for the FR (140 kg N ha−1) was calculated according to the crop requirement and the regional regulation: ±30% of the FR rate was applied in the VR treatment according to the Vigour S-index calculated on-the-go from the CropSpec sensor. The two treatments of N fertilization did not result in a significant difference in yield in both years. The findings suggest that the application of VR is more economically profitable than the FR application rate, especially under the hypothesis of VR application at a farm scale. The outcome of the experiment suggests that VR is a viable and profitable technique that can be easily applied at the farm level by adopting proximal sensors to detect the actual crop N requirement prior to stem elongation. Besides the economic benefits, the VR approach can be regarded as a sustainable practice that meets the current European Common Agricultural Policy.

scholarly journals Insect resistance of a full sib family of tetraploid switchgrass Panicum virgatum L. with varying lignin levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 975-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick F. Dowd ◽  
Gautam Sarath ◽  
Robert B. Mitchell ◽  
Aaron J. Saathoff ◽  
Kenneth P. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Insect Resistance ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L

PvNAC1 increases biomass and enhances salt tolerance by decreasing Na+ accumulation and promoting ROS scavenging in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)

Plant Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 66-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfang Wang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyun Wang ◽  
Lun Liu ◽  
Xinpeng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L
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