scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF SUCCESSIVE THINNINGS ON THE HYPSOMETRIC FUNCTION FOR Pinus oocarpa STANDS

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastião Do Amaral Machado ◽  
Dalmo Arantes de Barros ◽  
José Roberto Soares Scolforo ◽  
Fausto Weimar Acerbi Junior
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Unbiased Estimate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Average Height ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
Pinus Oocarpa ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
Multiple Determination

This research aimed to test the hypothesis that successive thinnings mischaracterize the hypsometric function, and that after some thinnings the average height of the plots or of the stand () is an unbiased estimate of the remaining tree heights (hi), that is, ĥi =  . The data were obtained from Duraflora S. A. in Agudos, State of São Paulo. This data set came from the measurement of diameters and respective heights of 1,100 trees equitably distributed in 11 different treatments with ages ranging from 5 to 25 years, and number of thinnings varying between 0 (zero) and 6. The Stoffels model, previously fitted to all treatments, was used to observe the behavior of the following factors: coefficient of multiple determination (R²), standard error of estimate in percent (Syx %), distribution of residuals, and the significance of the b0 and b1 coefficients in each one of the equations. After tests it was confirmed the hypothesis that average height is a precise estimate of hi for the oldest treatments with more than 4 thinnings. This means low Syx % and unbiased estimates, that is, good distribution of residuals.Keywords: Hypsometric curves; management regimes; plantations; Pinus oocarpa.ResumoEfeitos de desbastes sucessivos sobre a função hipsométrica em povoamentos de Pinus oocarpa Shiede. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo testar a hipótese que desbastes sucessivos descaracterizam a função hipsométrica e que após alguns desbastes a altura média da parcela ou do povoamento () é uma boa estimativa das demais alturas (ĥi), isto é, ĥi = . A base de dados utilizada para testar a hipótese formulada proveio de plantios de Pinus oocarpa, pertencentes à empresa Duraflora S.A., situada no município de Agudos, sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo. Esta base consistiu da altura e diâmetro de 1100 árvores distribuídas igualmente em 11 tratamentos, com variação de idades e número de desbastes. Visando atingir aos objetivos, foi primeiramente ajustado o modelo de Stoffels, separadamente para cada um dos 11 tratamentos, com o fim de observar a tendência dos coeficientes de determinação múltiplos (R2), do erro padrão da estimativa em porcentagem (Syx %), a distribuição dos resíduos e a significância dos coeficientes de interseção (b0) e de inclinação (b1) em cada uma das equações. Após proceder as análises conclui-se que a medida que se aumenta o número de desbastes os R² vão se tornando cada vez mais baixos , porém os Syx % foram sempre inferiores a 10%. Palavras-chave: Curva hipsométrica; regimes de manejo; plantações; Pinus oocarpa. 

scholarly journals Integrating clinical features with genetic factors enhances survival prediction for adults with acute myeloid leukemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 2339-2350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. A. Silveira ◽  
Lynn Quek ◽  
Itamar S. Santos ◽  
Anna Corby ◽  
Juan L. Coelho-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Survival Prediction ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
De Medicina ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract The 2017 European LeukemiaNet 2017 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) risk stratification (ELN2017) is widely used for risk-stratifying patients with AML. However, its applicability in low- and middle-income countries is limited because of a lack of full cytogenetic and molecular information at diagnosis. Here, we propose an alternative for risk stratification (the Adapted Genetic Risk [AGR]), which permits cytogenetic or molecular missing data while retaining prognostic power. We first analyzed 167 intensively treated patients with nonacute promyelocytic leukemia AML enrolled in São Paulo, Brazil (Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo), as our training data set, using ELN2017 as the standard for comparison with our AGR. Next, we combined our AGR with clinical prognostic parameters found in a Cox proportional hazards model to create a novel scoring system (survival AML score, SAMLS) that stratifies patients with newly diagnosed AML. Finally, we have used 2 independent test cohorts, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP; Brazil, n = 145) and Oxford University Hospitals (OUH; United Kingdom, n = 157) for validating our findings. AGR was statistically significant for overall survival (OS) in both test cohorts (FMRP, P = .037; OUH, P = .012) and disease-free survival in FMRP (P = .04). The clinical prognostic features in SAMLS were age (>45 years), white blood cell count (<1.5 or >30.0 × 103/μL), and low albumin levels (<3.8 g/dL), which were associated with worse OS in all 3 cohorts. SAMLS showed a significant difference in OS in the training cohort (P < .001) and test cohorts (FMRP, P = .0018; OUH, P < .001). Therefore, SAMLS, which incorporates the novel AGR evaluation with clinical parameters, is an accurate tool for AML risk assessment.

scholarly journals Brazilian Modeling of COVID-19(BRAM-COD): a Bayesian Monte Carlo approach for COVID-19 spread in a limited data set context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samy Dana ◽  
Alexandre B. Simas ◽  
Bruno A. Filardi ◽  
Rodrigo N. Rodriguez ◽  
Leandro da Costa Lane Valiengo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithm ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
The Impact

1ABSTRACT1.1BackgroundThe new coronavirus respiratory syndrome disease (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major health problem worldwide. Many attempts have been devoted to modeling the dynamics of new infection rates, death rates, and the impact of the disease on health systems and the world economy. Most of these modeling concepts use the Susceptible-Infectious-Susceptible (SIS) and Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) compartmental models; however, wide imprecise outcomes in forecasting can occur with these models in the context of poor data, low testing levels, and a nonhomogeneous population.1.2ObjectivesTo predict Brazilian ICU beds demand over time and during COVID-19 pandemic “peak”.1.3MethodsIn the present study, we describe a Bayesian COVID-19 model combined with a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm to forecast quantitative predictions of infections, number of deaths and the demand for critical care beds in the next month in the Brazilian context of scarce data availability. We also estimated COVID-19 spread tendency in the state of São Paulo and forecasted the demand for critical care beds, as São Paulo is the epicenter of the Latin America pandemic.1.4ResultsOur model estimated that the number of infected individuals would be approximately 6.5 million (median) on April 25, 2020, and would reach 16 to 17 million (median) by the end of August 2020 in Brazil. The probability that an infected individual requires ICU-level care in Brazil is 0.5833%. Our model suggests that the current level of mitigation seen in São Paulo is sufficient to reach Rt < 1, thus attaining a “peak” in the short term. In São Paulo state, the total number of deaths is estimated to be around 9,000 (median) with the 2.5% quantile being 6,600 deaths and the 97.5% quantile being around 13,350 deaths. Also, São Paulo will not attain its maximum capacity of ICU beds if the current trend persists over the long term.1.5ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic should peak in Brazil between May 8 and May 20, 2020 with a fatality rate lower than that suggested in the literature. The northern and northeastern regions of Brazil will suffer from a lack of available ICU beds, the southern and central-western regions appear to have sufficient ICU beds, finally, the southeastern region seems to have enough ICU beds only if it shares private beds with the publicly funded Unified Health System (SUS). The model predicts that, if the current policies and population behavior are maintained throughout the forecasted period, by the end of August 2020, Brazil will have around 7.6% to 8.2% of its population immune to COVID-19.

Height and volume functions for Pinus lawsonii, Pinus leiophylla, Pinus oocarpa and Pinus pringlei plantations in Guarei, São Paulo, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Rafaella Carvalho Mayrinck ◽  
Vinicius Gontijo Rodrigues Roque ◽  
Antonio Carlos Ferraz Filho ◽  
Eduardo Michaloski Filho ◽  
Fredo Arias-King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Pinus Oocarpa ◽  
Volume Functions

scholarly journals Cohort profile: the Jundiaí Zika cohort (JZC), a pregnancy and birth cohort in São Paulo state, Brazil

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e027947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Sanchez Clemente ◽  
Manoela Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Paula Pascalicchio ◽  
Rosa Estela Gazeta ◽  
Danila Vedovello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

PurposeThe Jundiaí Zika Cohort (JZC) is a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort setup in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, to investigate the epidemic of cases of microcephaly and other neurological disorders, presumed to be associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) infection.ParticipantsA total of 748 women with high-risk pregnancies were recruited in the period of March 2016 to August 2017.Findings to dateBaseline sociodemographic and medical data were collected at recruitment from 737 pregnant women. Biological samples (ie, blood, saliva and urine) were collected from 695 of the pregnant women (94.3%), of whom 53 (7.6%) were ZIKV-positive on subsequent testing by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in urine. Biological sample (ie, blood, saliva, urine and cerebrospinal fluid) were collected within 10 days of birth from 409 (57.4%) of the liveborn infants, of whom 19 (4.6%) were ZIKV-positive on subsequent testing by RT-PCR in urine. All remaining biological specimens, as well as colostrum, umbilical cord and placental samples, have been stored in a secure biorepository. Antenatal and postnatal imaging studies and neonatal anthropometry were carried out.Future plansThe JZC provides a unique data set which will continue to be explored to study the effects of pregnancy comorbidities on Zika virus infection during pregnancy, the long-term outcomes of children with congenital Zika infection and how physiotherapy and group interventions can improve outcomes for congenitally-infected children. All women in the cohort have reached the end of their pregnancy and currently the oldest children are 2 years old. The study will continue until all the children reach their third birthday (April 2021).

scholarly journals STRUCTURE AND BIOMASS ANALYSIS OF URBAN VEGETATION IN SQUARES OF SANTA CECÍLIA DISTRICT, SÃO PAULO, SP

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Luis Dias Arratia ◽  
Andreza Portella Ribeiro ◽  
Cristiano Capellani Quaresma ◽  
Elaine Aparecida Rodrigues ◽  
Edgar Fernando de Lucca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Average Height ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas

ABSTRACT Urban trees play an important role in urban planning and are directly linked to urban spaces that promote ecosystem services such as biodiversity conservation and carbon stock. A useful methodology to quantify the above-ground (ABG) biomass, and consequently, the carbon stocks, in this green infrastructure is the allometric models made for tropical areas. This work aimed to evaluate the carbon stock in public squares within the central region of São Paulo city, thus contributing to the comprehension of São Paulo’s green infrastructure. To test the models, tree density and ABG biomass of approximately 7 ha of urban green areas in the center of São Paulo city were evaluated. The activities involved measuring the diameter at breast height (DBH) of the trees and the total height of all individuals with a DBH greater than 5 cm. The results showed that the public squares varied in size and number of trees. The average height of trees also varied along the squares, probably influencing the ABG biomass allocation. Also, the results showed that there was a considerable variation between the ABG biomass estimated along the models. Some squares stood out in absolute terms of ABG biomass accumulation. The size of the green area correlated only with the total number of individuals found (R2=0.44). The total ABG biomass, tree density, and ABG biomass density did not present a significant relationship with the size of the squares. This work demonstrates, for the first time, the attributes of tree communities in public squares of- São Paulo city and provides technical information for the management of public policies related to the protection and maintenance of urban green areas.

scholarly journals Adubação mineral de Pinus oocarpa schiede

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 585-601
Author(s):  
M.I.M.S. Lopes ◽  
M.A. de O. Gurgel ◽  
L.M. do A.G. Garrido ◽  
F. de A.F. de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Pinus Oocarpa

O presente ensaio refere-se à adubação de Pinus oocarpa Schiede. Foi instalado em solo Latossolo Vermelho Escuro Distrófico originalmente sob vegetação de cerrado, no município de Assis, São Paulo. Através de medições periódicos de altura e DAP (diâmetro à altura do peito) das árvores, foram verificados os efeitos da adubação NPK, calagem, S, B e Zn sob delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Pela análise estatística dos últimos dados de altura e diâmetro, quando as plantas estavam com 3 anos, conclui-se que: a adubação NPK proporcionou um aumento significativo no desenvolvimento das plantas em altura e diâmetro; a adubação NPK + calagem aumentou significativamente a altura; a adubação NPK + calagem + S aumentou significativamente o diâmetro e a aplicação de B e Zn não apresentou efeitos significativos.

scholarly journals Analysis of genetic relatedness between populations of Aedes aegypti from different geographic regions of São Paulo state, Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veruska Marques dos Santos ◽  
Maria de Lourdes da Graça Macoris ◽  
Maria Teresa Macoris Andrighetti ◽  
Priscilla Elisangela Avila ◽  
Karin Kirchgatter
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Coastal City ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Geographic Regions

RAPD markers have been used for the analysis of genetic differentiation of Aedes aegypti, because they allow the study of genetic relationships among populations. The aim of this study was to identify populations in different geographic regions of the São Paulo State in order to understand the infestation pattern of A. aegypti. The dendrogram constructed with the combined data set of the RAPD patterns showed that the mosquitoes were segregated into two major clusters. Mosquitoes from the Western region of the São Paulo State constituted one cluster and the other was composed of mosquitoes from a laboratory strain and from a coastal city, where the largest Latin American port is located. These data are in agreement with the report on the infestation in the São Paulo State. The genetic proximity was greater between mosquitoes whose geographic origin was closer. However, mosquitoes from the coastal city were genetically closer to laboratory-reared mosquitoes than to field-collected mosquitoes from the São Paulo State. The origin of the infestation in this place remains unclear, but certainly it is related to mosquitoes of origins different from those that infested the West and North region of the State in the 80's.

Equações hipsométricas para Pinus sp. na estação experimental de ciências florestais de Itatinga, São Paulo

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 096-106
Author(s):  
Paulo Ricardo de Sena Fernandes ◽  
Débora de Araújo Sousa ◽  
Maria Cristina Bueno Coelho ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Cardoso Silva ◽  
Eziele Nathane Peres Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Pinus Oocarpa ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Dentre as essências florestais cultivadas no Brasil destacam-se as espécies do gênero Pinus, apresentando uma grande concentração na região Sul do país, sendo as espécies mais cultivadas o Pinus elliottii e Pinus taeda. O objetivo deste trabalho foi ajustar equações matemáticas para estimar a altura das árvores em povoamentos de Pinus taeda L, Pinus oocarpa e Pinus híbrido (Pinus oocarpa x Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis), na Estação Experimental de Ciências Florestais de Itatinga – São Paulo. Para isso foi realizado um inventário florestal estratificado e sistemático por idade (21, 22 e 24 anos), utilizando-se amostragem sistemática de 3 parcelas por área. Cada parcela consistiu de 90 árvores das quais foram medidos todos diâmetros à 1,30 m do solo (DAP) e medidas as alturas totais das 10 primeiras árvores de cada parcela mais as 5 dominantes de forma a abranger todas as classes do povoamento. Para o ajuste foram testadas 10 equações  hipsómétricas,  sendo  selecionadas de acordo com os valores de coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R2aj), erro padrão residual (Syx%), coeficiente de variação (CV%), F e análise gráfica de resíduos. A melhor equação ajustada para descrever a relação h/d para as espécies Pinus taeda, Pinus oocarpa e híbrido Pinus (Pinus oocarpa x Pinus caribaea var. Hondurensis) em todas as idades foi a de Prodan.

scholarly journals How many species of drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) remain to be described in the forests of São Paulo, Brazil?: species lists of three forest remnants

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermes Fonsêca de Medeiros ◽  
Louis Bernard Klaczko
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Drosophila Species ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Species List ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
São Paulo State

This paper describes the composition and abundance of Drosophila species found in three forest remnants in the State of São Paulo. A well-standardized sampling procedure applied on four collecting trips to the same sites on four areas resulted on 944 samples. All males collected were identified by analyses of the genitalia, this being the only data set used. One hundred and twenty five species were detected amongst the 29,289 males analyzed. From them 57,6% could be identified as described species. Thirteen of the species found were absent from the previous species list for the state of São Paulo State, thus represent an increase of 13% on the number known. We argue that the majority of the 53 unidentified species are in fact undescribed. The sites studied did not differ significantly in the proportion of identified species. On average identified species were almost seven times more abundant than unidentified ones, and this difference was significant. Rarefaction curve analysis confirmed that the proportion of unidentified species increase with sample size, and did not reach a plateau with our data set. These results illustrate the large richness of Drosophila species in forest remnants of São Paulo State. It also indicates that about half of the species in this region remain to be described. This conclusion is particularly important when one considers that this is a well studied genus of Diptera, on the best sampled region of Brazil.

Seasonal Variation of Suicide in the City of São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2010

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
Fernando Madalena Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
June July ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.

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