Comparison of Various Methods for Estimating Body Fat in Dogs

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne I. Mawby ◽  
Joseph W. Bartges ◽  
Andre d’Avignon ◽  
Dorothy P. Laflamme ◽  
Tamberlyn D. Moyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Condition Score

Obesity is considered one of the most common forms of malnutrition occurring in dogs. Laboratory methods of evaluation of body composition in live dogs have included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution. Clinical methods of evaluation include assigning a body condition score (BCS) based on visual observation, palpation, and morphometric measurements. This study used these four methods to evaluate 23 healthy, adult, client-owned dogs. Good correlation (coefficient of determination [r2]=0.78) was found between measurements of percent body fat (%BF) determined by the D2O dilution method and the DEXA scan. Percent body fat can also be estimated using BCS (r2=0.92 comparison with DEXA) or by using morphometric measurements with simple calculations (r2=0.92 comparison with DEXA).

Estimation in vivo of the chemical composition of the bodies of mature cows

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Wright ◽  
A. J. F. Russel
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Condition Score

ABSTRACTA number of possible indices of body composition (live weight, skeletal size, total body water as estimated by deuterium oxide dilution, blood and red cell volumes as estimated by Evans Blue dilution, ultrasonic measurements of subcutaneous fat depth and eye-muscle area, and body condition scoring) was examined using 73 non-pregnant, non-lactating, mature cows of Hereford × Friesian, Blue-Grey, British Friesian, Galloway and Luing genotypes, ranging in body condition score from 0·75 to 4·5. Direct measurements of body composition in terms of water, fat, protein and ash were made following slaughter.Live weight, deuterium oxide dilution, ultrasonic measurements of subcutaneous fat depth and eyemuscle area, and body condition score were all considered to be potentially useful predictors of body composition. Combinations of techniques offered better predictions than did any single index. Using a combination of measurements it was possible to predict body fat and protein with a residual s.d. of 13·1 kg and 3·15 kg respectively. Breed differences in the partition of fat among the main adipose tissue depots necessitated the development of specific prediction equations for body fat based on condition score and subcutaneous fat depth for different breeds. Equations remain to be developed for predicting body composition in cows in different physiological states.

The contribution of body condition score and percent body fat to the inflammatory response in aged horses

2009 ◽  
Vol 128 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
Amanda A. Adams ◽  
Madhu Katepalli ◽  
Katharina Kohler ◽  
Stephanie Reedy ◽  
J.P. Stilz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Condition Score

scholarly journals Weight estimation and hormone concentrations related to body condition in Icelandic and Warmblood horses: a field study

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Bovbjerg Jensen ◽  
Lucca Louise Rockhold ◽  
Anne-Helene Tauson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Correct Determination

Abstract Background The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of different body weight formulas for estimating body weight of Icelandic and Warmblood horses, as well as to assess the associations between the variables cresty neck score, body condition score, and plasma concentrations of leptin, insulin and cortisol. A total of 81 adult (≥ 4 years of age) horses (43 Icelandic and 38 Warmblood horses) was included in this study. The following morphological measurements were collected by two examiners simultaneously; body weight; height at withers; neck length; 0.5 neck length; neck circumference; umbilical circumference, two different heart girths, as well as two different body length measurements. The horse’s body weights were measured on a weight scale, and cresty neck scores were rated along with body condition scores using both the 0 to 5 and the 1 to 9 systems. Results In general, the concordance correlation coefficient was high for most formulas, but the mean bias and slope bias deviations varied between formulas. Some simple formulas using only heart girth, or heart girth and length can be used to estimate body weight of Icelandic and Warmblood horses as good as more complex formulas using four morphometric measurements. Plasma concentrations of leptin and insulin were higher (P < 0.001) for the Icelandic than the Warmblood horses, probably reflecting higher body fat content as suggested by the differences in body condition score. Conclusions Body weight formulas only give an estimate of body weight and not a completely correct determination. Some simple and more complex formulas can be used for Icelandic horses even though they are not developed for this breed. Complex formulas using four morphometric measurements were accurate, but simple formulas using only heart girth, or heart girth and length can be used to estimate body weight and thereby be applied to weight tapes and used to estimate the body weight of both Icelandic and Warmblood horses.

Leptin interrelationships to energy-related metabolites and hormones in fed and fasted sheep

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 87-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R.G. Wylie ◽  
D.J. Devlin ◽  
A.J. Bjourson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Condition Score

A review of published leptin data for growing lambs, older ewes and mature dairy cows in late lactation showed that only 0.30-0.37 of the variation in blood leptin concentration was explained by differences in body fat variably expressed as % of liveweight (LW), backfat thickness and body condition score (BCS) respectively (Wylieet al., 2002). In dairy cows between 15d and 226d postpartum, Wylieet al(2002) observed no overall correlation between leptin at slaughter and lipid expressed as % of LW, empty body weight or carcase weight and only a weak correlation in cows in mid-lactation. Losses of fat during early lactation may ‘uncouple’ the link between leptin and fat and produce a bias across all of lactation. Another explanation is that leptin may be more closely linked with lipogenesis than with the amount of stored fat. This study revisits some metabolite and hormone data from a previous investigation of IGF-1 changes in fed, fasted and re-fed sheep in the light of more recently obtained leptin concentrations in the same animals.

scholarly journals Determination of Percent Body Fat by the Newly Developed Sulfur Hexafluoride Dilution Method and Air Displacement Plethysmography.

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko IWAOKA ◽  
Tetsuji YOKOYAMA ◽  
Takeo NAKAYAMA ◽  
Yasuhiro MATSUMURA ◽  
Yutaka YOSHITAKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography

scholarly journals Relationships between fat depots and body condition score or tail fatness in the Rasa Aragonesa breed

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Teixeira ◽  
R. Delfa ◽  
F. Colomer-Rocher
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Fat Depot ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTThe relationships between body fat depots and body condition score (BCS) were determined in 52 adult Rasa Aragonesa ewes aged 10 (s.d. 2) years and ranging in BCS from 1·5 to 4·5. BCS of each ewe was assessed by three people, the repeatability within individuals being 90% and between individuals 80%. The ewes were weighed before slaughter. After slaughter the omental, mesenteric, kidney and pelvic fat were separated and weighed. The fat of the left side of the carcass was separated into subcutaneous and intermuscular depots. The relationship between live weight and BCS was semilogarithmic and those between fat depots and BCS were logarithmic. Regression analysis was also used to describe the relationships between the various fat depots and BCS or live weight. Of the variation in total fat weight, proportionately 0·90 was accounted for by variations in BCS, while 0·84 was accounted for by variations in live weight. For individual fat depots proportionately 0·86 to 0·90 of the variation was accounted for by variation in BCS and 0·69 to 0·79 by variation in live weight. BCS was a better predictor than live weight of the weight of both total body fat and the individual fat depots.A curvilinear regression between BCS and live weight showed that the increases in live weight for a unit change in BCS was 7, 10, 12 and 16 kg for each one point increase in BCS from 1 to 5 respectively.The tail fat depot (tail fatness score) was assessed in the same ewes by score on a three-point scale. Of the variation in the weight of individual fat depots, proportionately 0·79 to 0·86 was accounted for by variation in tail fatness score. Thus the tail fatness score could be used as an additional method of assessing body condition in the Aragonesa breed.

Changes in body composition during the winter gestation period in mature beef cows grazing different herbage allowances of native grasslands

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Casal ◽  
A. L. Astessiano ◽  
A. C. Espasandin ◽  
A. I. Trujillo ◽  
P. Soca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Gross Energy

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of controlling the grazing intensity of native pastures, through the herbage allowances (HA) on body composition (water, protein, and fat) of beef cows of different cow genotype (CG; purebred: Angus and Hereford; PU, and crossbred: reciprocal F1; CR). Mature beef cows (n = 32) were used in a complete randomised block design with a factorial arrangement of HA (2.5 vs 4 kg DM/day; LO vs HI) and CG (PU vs CR). The experiment was conducted during 3 years and at the end of the third year at 150, 210, and 240 ± 10 days of gestation and 190 ± 10 days postpartum body composition was estimated using the urea dilution technique. At 192 ± 10 days postpartum cows were slaughtered and all tissues and organs were weighed and samples were collected for chemical composition analyses. During the winter gestation period, body condition score was greater (P < 0.05) in HI than LO cows and in CR than PU cows. Relative body water (g/kg of empty bodyweight) was greater (P ≤ 0.02) in HI than LO cows and in CR than PU cows, whereas relative body protein did not differ between HI and LO, but tended (P = 0.10) to be greater in CR than PU cows. In contrast, relative body fat tended (P = 0.10) to be greater and gross energy content was greater (P < 0.01) in HI than LO cows, whereas they did not differ between CR and PU cows. Relative body water increased (P < 0.01) from 150 to 210 days of gestation for all cows whereas relative body fat decreased (P < 0.05) and body protein increased (P < 0.05) from 150 to 210 days of gestation in PU but not in CR cows. These results suggest that HI maintained greater body condition score and retained gross energy content when compared with LO cows, and CG affected not only body composition (greater body fat and protein in CR than PU cows) but also composition of mobilised/retained weight during the winter gestation period with a greater protein tissue mobilisation in CR than PU cows.

scholarly journals Effects of parity and body condition score (BCS) on oestrus expressions and post breeding reproductive performance of Katjang crossbred goat

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Intan Sofienaz Ahmad Fuad ◽  
Khairiyah Mat ◽  
Nor Dini Rusli ◽  
Hasnita Che Harun
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Embryonic Loss

This experiment goal was to identify the effect of parity and body condition score (BCS) on oestrusexpressions (OE), post breeding reproductive performance (PBRP) of Katjang crossbred andchanges of progesterone (P4) concentration. Twenty-four does were treated with 14 dayssynchronisation followed by visual observation of oestrus expressions (standing heat (SH),mounted by other buck but not standing (MBNS), vocalization (VC), tail swaging (TW), andsniffing of the genital of other buck (SGB)) and blood sampling twice daily up to 72 hours followingControl Internal Drug Release (CIDR) removal. PBRP data was recorded for evaluation whichincluded pregnancy rate (PR), abortion rate (AR), mortality rate (MR), litter size (LS), litter birthweight (LBW) and gestation length (GL). Result revealed that there was no significant effect(P>0.05) of parity and BCS on OE, PBRP and progesterone concentration except for birth weightwhich had been affected by parity. Based on observation of OE of SH, it was found that accuracyof pregnancy prediction was up to 50%. Analysis of OE established reliability of OE in wassequence from SH>SGB>TW>MBNS>VC and onset of oestrus began approximately 33h post toCIDR removal. Analysis of PBRP shown parity?2 had heavier birth weight in single litter size thanparity?3 which was associated with no MR. Progesterone concentration indicated all of the doeswere on oestrus and highly susceptible as early as 48 h post to CIDR removal. In conclusion, thisstudy demonstrated that both non-genetic factors; parity and BCS are very poor in determining theeffect of OE, PBRP and P4 concentration due to limitation of sample size and greater influences ofexternal factors such as weather, extreme environmental condition and farm management. It isrecommended to improve program in future by focusing on enhancing the fertilization rate andreducing embryonic loss for optimum conception rate.

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