scholarly journals A Day in the Life of the AMU– The Society for Acute Medicine’s Benchmarking Audit 2012 (SAMBA ‘12)

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Christian P Subbe ◽  
◽  
David Ward ◽  
Lenny Latip ◽  
Ivan Le Jeune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Published Data ◽  
National Audit ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Acute Medicine ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Feasibility ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Summary Data

Background: The absence of published data for benchmarking serves as a disincentive for Acute Medical Units to improve care. Aim: To test feasibility of a national audit in Acute Medicine for compliance with common standards Methods: On line questionnaire with summary data for patients admitted to participating Acute Medicine Units over a 24-hour-period. Results: 30 units submitted summary data. The mean number of admission was 36 (SD 14). Compliance with standards around timing of junior and senior review was highly variable. In almost all other standards only a small number of units achieved high reliability with compliance of more than 90%. Conclusion: SAMBA provides a data set that can be used for local and national benchmarking and quality improvement work. Annual audit might be beneficial to track improvements.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of cultivated and wild-type peanuts evaluated with M13-tailed SSR markers and sequencing

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOELLE A. BARKLEY ◽  
ROB E. DEAN ◽  
ROY N. PITTMAN ◽  
MING L. WANG ◽  
CORLEY C. HOLBROOK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Genomic Ssr ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Almost All

SummaryThirty-one genomic SSR markers with a M13 tail attached were used to assess the genetic diversity of the peanut mini core collection. The M13-tailed method was effective in discriminating almost all the cultivated and wild accessions. A total of 477 alleles were detected with an average of 15·4 alleles per locus. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) score was 0·687. The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) mini core produced a total of 312 alleles with an average of 10·1 alleles per locus. A neighbour-joining tree was constructed to determine the interspecific and intraspecific relationships in this data set. Almost all the peanut accessions in this data set classified into subspecies and botanical varieties such as subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea, subsp. fastigiata var. fastigiata, and subsp. fastigiata var. vulgaris clustered with other accessions with the same classification, which lends further support to their current taxonomy. Alleles were sequenced from one of the SSR markers used in this study, which demonstrated that the repeat motif is conserved when transferring the marker across species borders. This study allowed the examination of the diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the peanut mini core which has not been previously reported.

Reliability and Precision of in Vivo Scapular Kinematic Measurements Using an Electromagnetic Tracking Device

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Myers ◽  
John Jolly ◽  
Takashi Nagai ◽  
Scott Lephart
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Electromagnetic Tracking ◽  
Scapular Kinematics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tracking Device

Context:In vivo scapular kinematics during humeral movements are commonly assessed with electromagnetic tracking devices despite few published data related to reliability and precision of these measurements.Objective:To determine the intrasession reliability and precision of assessing scapular kinematics using an electromagnetic tracking device.Design:Scapular position and orientation were measured with an electromagnetic tracking device during humeral elevation/depression in several planes. Intrasession reliability and precision were established by comparing 2 trials performed in succession.Setting:A human-movement research laboratory.Participants:15 healthy individuals.Main Outcome Measures:Intrasession intraclass correlation coefficients and standard error of measurement of all scapular variables were established.Results:The mean intrasession reliability for all variables was ICC = .97 ± .03. The mean intrasession precision was .99° ± .36°.Conclusions:In vivo scapular kinematics can be measured with high reliability and precision during intrasession research designs.

Bayesian removal estimation of a population size under unequal catchability

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samu Mäntyniemi ◽  
Atso Romakkaniemi ◽  
Elja Arjas
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Removal Experiments ◽  
Realistic Description ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Removal Sampling ◽  
Very High

We introduce a Bayesian probability model for the estimation of the size of an animal population from removal data. The model is based on the assumption that in the removal sampling, catchability may vary between individuals, which appears to be necessary for a realistic description of many biological populations. Heterogeneous catchability among individuals leads to a situation where the mean catchability in the population gradually decreases as the number of removals increases. Under this assumption, the model can be fitted to any removal data, i.e., there are no limitations regarding the total catch, the number of removals, or the decline of the catch. Using a published data set from removal experiments of a known population size, the model is shown to be able to estimate the population size appropriately in all cases considered. It is also shown that regardless of the statistical approach, a model that assumes equal catchability of individuals generally leads to an underestimation of the population. The example indicates that if there is only vague prior information about the variation of catchability among individuals, a very high number of successive removals may be needed to correctly estimate the population size.

scholarly journals Perturbation of the human gastrointestinal tract microbial ecosystem by oral drugs to treat chronic disease results in a spectrum of individual specific patterns of extinction and persistence of dominant microbial strains

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242021
Author(s):  
Hyunmin Koo ◽  
Casey D. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Oral Drugs ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Status ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

Background Oral drugs can have side effects such as diarrhea that indicate the perturbation of the gut microbial community. To further understand the dynamics of perturbation, we have assessed the strain relatedness of samples from previously published data sets from pre and post bowel evacuation, episodes of diarrhea, and administration of oral drugs to treat diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. Methods We analyzed a total of published five data sets using our strain-tracking tool called Window-based Single Nucleotide Variant (SNV) Similarity (WSS) to identify related strains from the same individual. Results Strain-tracking analysis using the first data set from 8 individuals pre and 21–50 days post iso-osmotic bowel wash revealed almost all microbial strains were related in an individual between pre and post samples. Similarly, in a second study, strain-tracking analysis of 4 individuals pre and post sporadic diarrhea revealed the majority of strains were related over time (up to 44 weeks). In contrast, the analysis of a third data set from 22 individuals pre and post 3-day exposure of oral metformin revealed that no individuals had a related strain. In a fourth study, the data set taken at 2 and 4 months from 38 individuals on placebo or metformin revealed individual specific sharing of pre and post strains. Finally, the data set from 18 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis given disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs methotrexate or glycosides of the traditional Chinese medicinal component Tripterygium wilfordii showed individual specific sharing of pre and post strains up to 16 months. Conclusion Oral drugs used to treat chronic disease can result in individual specific microbial strain change for the majority of species. Since the gut community provides essential functions for the host, our study supports personalized monitoring to assess the status of the dominant microbial strains after initiation of oral drugs to treat chronic disease.

scholarly journals Arabic Dialect Identification

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar F. Zaidan ◽  
Chris Callison-Burch
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Regional Dialects ◽  
Word Sequence ◽  
Written Form ◽  
On Line ◽  
Almost All

The written form of the Arabic language, Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), differs in a non-trivial manner from the various spoken regional dialects of Arabic—the true “native languages” of Arabic speakers. Those dialects, in turn, differ quite a bit from each other. However, due to MSA's prevalence in written form, almost all Arabic data sets have predominantly MSA content. In this article, we describe the creation of a novel Arabic resource with dialect annotations. We have created a large monolingual data set rich in dialectal Arabic content called the Arabic On-line Commentary Data set (Zaidan and Callison-Burch 2011). We describe our annotation effort to identify the dialect level (and dialect itself) in each of more than 100,000 sentences from the data set by crowdsourcing the annotation task, and delve into interesting annotator behaviors (like over-identification of one's own dialect). Using this new annotated data set, we consider the task of Arabic dialect identification: Given the word sequence forming an Arabic sentence, determine the variety of Arabic in which it is written. We use the data to train and evaluate automatic classifiers for dialect identification, and establish that classifiers using dialectal data significantly and dramatically outperform baselines that use MSA-only data, achieving near-human classification accuracy. Finally, we apply our classifiers to discover dialectical data from a large Web crawl consisting of 3.5 million pages mined from on-line Arabic newspapers.

scholarly journals Global Warming Signals in Brazil and its Macro-Regions - Trend Analysis of Distributional Characteristics Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica de Lima da Vida Pellenz ◽  
Leonardo Bornacki de Mattos
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dispersion Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The aim of this research is to study global warming signals across Brazil. This investigation uses approximately 60 years of daily temperature data set and applies a recent trend test proposed by Rivas and Gonzalo (2020) which analyses not only the average but also different distributional characteristics. Besides, the test provides robust results for both I(0) and I(1) processes. We found significant trends in almost all characteristics in the analysis of the whole country. The mean and the maximum are increasing over time and the dispersion measures indicate decreasing trends. For the region analysis, we found out that, apart from the South, which does not appear to be drastically affected by global warming, the other regions present clear signs of global warming.

Evaluation of Low-Dose Gentamicin Once Daily Dosing Regimen at A General Hospital in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ab Rahman A F ◽  
Md Sahak N. ◽  
Ali A. M.
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Neutropenic Sepsis ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Initiation Of Therapy ◽  
Almost All

Objective: Once daily dosing (ODD) aminoglycoside is gaining wide acceptance as an alternative way of dosing. In our setting it is the regimen of choice whenever gentamicin is indicated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the practice of gentamicin ODD in a public hospital in Malaysia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of patients on gentamicin ODD who were admitted to Hospital Melaka during January 2002 until March 2010. All adult patients who were on ODD gentamicin with various level of renal function were included in the study. Patients on gentamicin less than 72 hours and pregnant women were excluded. Results: From 110 patients, 75 (68.2%) were male and 35 (31.8%) were female. Indications for ODD gentamicin included pneumonia, 34 (31.0%) neutropenic sepsis, 27 (24.5%) and sepsis, 11 (10.0%). The mean dose and duration of gentamicin was 3.2 mg/kg/day and 7 days, respectively. Almost all patients were on gentamicin combined with other antibiotics. Clinical cure based on fever resolution was found in 89.1% of patients treated with ODD. Resolution of fever took an average of 48 hours after initiation of therapy. The evaluation for bacteriologic cure could not be performed because of insufficient data on culture and sensitivity. Out of 38 patients with analyzable serum creatinine data, four patients might have developed nephrotoxicity. Conclusion: In our setting, lower dosages of ODD gentamicin when used in combination with other antibiotics seemed to be effective and safe in treating most gram negative infections.

DFT Benchmark Study of the O--O Bond Dissociation Energy in Peroxides Validated with High-Level Ab-Initio Calculations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Carmona ◽  
Pablo Jaque ◽  
Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Bond Dissociation ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

<div><div><div><p>Peroxides play a central role in many chemical and biological pro- cesses such as the Fenton reaction. The relevance of these compounds lies in the low stability of the O–O bond which upon dissociation results in radical species able to initiate various chemical or biological processes. In this work, a set of 64 DFT functional-basis set combinations has been validated in terms of their capability to describe bond dissociation energies (BDE) for the O–O bond in a database of 14 ROOH peroxides for which experimental values ofBDE are available. Moreover, the electronic contributions to the BDE were obtained for four of the peroxides and the anion H2O2− at the CBS limit at CCSD(T) level with Dunning’s basis sets up to triple–ζ quality provid- ing a reference value for the hydrogen peroxide anion as a model. Almost all the functionals considered here yielded mean absolute deviations around 5.0 kcal mol−1. The smallest values were observed for the ωB97 family and the Minnesota M11 functional with a marked basis set dependence. Despite the mean deviation, order relations among BDE experimental values of peroxides were also considered. The ωB97 family was able to reproduce the relations correctly whereas other functionals presented a marked dependence on the chemical nature of the R group. Interestingly, M11 functional did not show a very good agreement with the established order despite its good performance in the mean error. The obtained results support the use of similar validation strategies for proper prediction of BDE or other molecular properties by DF Tmethods in subsequent related studies.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Relationship between large-scale ionospheric field-aligned currents and electron/ion precipitations: DMSP observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Xiong ◽  
Claudia Stolle ◽  
Patrick Alken ◽  
Jan Rauberg
Keyword(s):  
Time Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Particle Energy ◽  
Lower Latitude ◽  
Particle Precipitation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Satellite

Abstract In this study, we have derived field-aligned currents (FACs) from magnetometers onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Project (DMSP) satellites. The magnetic latitude versus local time distribution of FACs from DMSP shows comparable dependences with previous findings on the intensity and orientation of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By and Bz components, which confirms the reliability of DMSP FAC data set. With simultaneous measurements of precipitating particles from DMSP, we further investigate the relation between large-scale FACs and precipitating particles. Our result shows that precipitation electron and ion fluxes both increase in magnitude and extend to lower latitude for enhanced southward IMF Bz, which is similar to the behavior of FACs. Under weak northward and southward Bz conditions, the locations of the R2 current maxima, at both dusk and dawn sides and in both hemispheres, are found to be close to the maxima of the particle energy fluxes; while for the same IMF conditions, R1 currents are displaced further to the respective particle flux peaks. Largest displacement (about 3.5°) is found between the downward R1 current and ion flux peak at the dawn side. Our results suggest that there exists systematic differences in locations of electron/ion precipitation and large-scale upward/downward FACs. As outlined by the statistical mean of these two parameters, the FAC peaks enclose the particle energy flux peaks in an auroral band at both dusk and dawn sides. Our comparisons also found that particle precipitation at dawn and dusk and in both hemispheres maximizes near the mean R2 current peaks. The particle precipitation flux maxima closer to the R1 current peaks are lower in magnitude. This is opposite to the known feature that R1 currents are on average stronger than R2 currents.

scholarly journals Pilonidal sinus disease on the rise: a one-third incidence increase in inpatients in 13 years with substantial regional variation in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Oetzmann von Sochaczewski ◽  
Jan Gödeke
Keyword(s):  
Pilonidal Sinus ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pilonidal Sinus Disease ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Purpose Collective evidence from single-centre studies suggests an increasing incidence of pilonidal sinus disease in the last decades, but population-based data is scarce. Methods We analysed administrative case–based principal diagnoses of pilonidal sinus disease and its surgical therapy between 2005 and 2017 in inpatients. Changes were addressed via linear regression. Results The mean rate of inpatient episodes of pilonidal sinus disease per 100,000 men increased from 43 in 2005 to 56 in 2017. In females, the mean rate of inpatient episodes per 100,000 women rose from 14 in 2005 to 18 in 2017. In the whole population, for every case per 100,000 females, there were 3.1 cases per 100,000 males, but the numbers were highly variable between the age groups. There was considerable regional variation within Germany. Rates of inpatient episodes of pilonidal sinus disease were increasing in almost all age groups and both sexes by almost a third. Surgery was dominated by excision of pilonidal sinus without reconstructive procedures, such as flaps, whose share was around 13% of all procedures, despite recommendations of the national guidelines to prefer flap procedures. Conclusion Rates of inpatient episodes of pilonidal sinus disease in Germany rose across almost all age groups and both sexes with relevant regional variation. The underlying causative factors are unknown. Thus, patient-centred research is necessary to explore them. This should also take cases into account that are solely treated office-based in order to obtain a full-spectrum view of pilonidal sinus disease incidence rates.

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