Light Scattering Study of Carbon Black Structure

1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-920
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Donnet ◽  
Claude Eckhardt ◽  
Paul Horn ◽  
Samuel Premilat ◽  
Andries Voet
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Aqueous Dispersions ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Scattering Measurements ◽  
Scattering Study

Abstract Light scattering measurements on aqueous dispersions of carbon black confirm the hypothesis that mechanical properties of vulcanizates are closely related to structure of the carbon blacks used. This provides a simple experimental method for predicting the influence of a black on vulcanized rubber.

Light Scattering Study of [60] Fullerenol-Based Poly(Urethane-Ether) Star-Shaped Polymers

1994 ◽  
Vol 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Y. Wang ◽  
Long Y. Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Gaussian Model ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Star Polymer ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Analog Model ◽  
Scattering Measurements ◽  
Star Shaped Polymer ◽  
Scattering Study

ABSTRACTThe dynamic behavior of the fullerenol-based polyurethane star-shaped polymer and its analog model stars, containing three or four polymer arms, was investigated in toluene solution by dynamic light scattering measurements. In these systems, the diffusion coefficients clearly showed no angular dependence. In the case of study in dilute solution, all three star polyurethanes were found to possess higher mobility than that of the corresponding linear polyurethane with a similar molecular weight. Furthermore, the conformation of anchoring polymer chains was characterized by the hydrodynamic shrinking factor and compared with the Gaussian model. Results suggested that the polymer arms in the fullerenebased star-polymer were uniformly distributed around the central C60 cage.

Study on the Effects of Different Types of Carbon Black on the Performance of SBR2564S

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Nai Xiu Ding ◽  
Yi Jia ◽  
Pei Yan Zuo ◽  
Li Li Wang ◽  
Hai Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Carbon Black Particle ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Black Particle

The curing characteristics,crosslinking density,compressive permanent deformation,the conventional mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of SBR2564S filled with different carbon black were studied.The results indicated that with the increase in specific surface area of carbon black particles，Mooney viscosity of the resulting mixture increased while the scorch time decreased.As the carbon black particle size increases, tensile strength and tear strength of SBR2564S were reduced,rebound and compressive set were increased.The kinds of carbon black had little effect on the crosslinking density of vulcanized rubber of SBR2564S.It had poor performance on dynamic mechanical properties of the resulting mixture filled with small carbon black particle size.SBR2564S vulcanizates with good comprehensive properties was obtained when N330 was used.

Effect of Elongation on the Electrical Anisotropy of Natural Rubber and SBR Vulcanizates Containing ISAF Carbon Black

1962 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chasset ◽  
P. Thirion
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electrical Anisotropy ◽  
Ohm’S Law ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Ohm's Law ◽  
Current Flows

Abstract The electrical resistivity of testpieces under different elongations, both parallel and at right-angles to the axis of elongation, was measured for two vulcanizates, i.e. one of natural rubber and the other of SBR, compounded with 20 volume per cent of ISAF black (Vulcan 6). Within the range of validity of Ohm's law, the main results of this study are as follows: a) the resistivities of both vulcanizates increase considerably with elongation, in both directions. b) on the whole, both vulcanizates are electrically anisotropic, since current flows more easily longitudinally than it does transversely. The anisotropy increases at the start with elongation, then becomes practically constant. However, the latter level is much higher with natural rubber, for which it corresponds to an anisotropy of about 1,000 and an elongation of around 150%. For SBR this level is only 20 to 30 and is reached at only 50% elongation. Owing to the complexity of the problem, no interpretation can yet be given for these differences. It will first be necessary to examine other elastomers and carbon blacks. For the time being, it may merely be stated that the electrical anisotropy of natural rubber and SBR reinforced vulcanizates differs as much as their mechanical properties, especially their tearing behavior.

Characterization of Immiscible Elastomer Blends

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Hess ◽  
C. R. Herd ◽  
P. C. Vegvari
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Domain Size ◽  
Carbon Black Particle ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Heat History

Abstract Considerable improvements have been made in the analysis of elastomer blends for composition, morphology and filler inter-phase distribution. GC, IR, NMR and thermal analysis (DTG, DSC, TG) techniques can provide quantitative information on composition. The latter three methods, along with SAXS, SANS, DMTA and microscopy (LM phase contrast, TEM, SEM, AFM) are also useful for resolving differences in blend homogeneity. The microscopical techniques are the most useful for characterizing morphology. TEM, in conjunction with cryosectioning and staining techniques, has provided the best means of resolving filler distribution to date. However, new AFM scanning modes may provide improved analyses in the future. Carbon black inter-phase distribution in blends of NR, SBR and BR can be controlled reasonably well by blending Banbury mixed masterbatches containing the desired carbon black loading in each polymer. Transfer of carbon black from one elastomer to another is favored by low unsaturation for the polymer originally containing the black, or a low heat history (e.g. solution and latex mixing) during preparation of the masterbatch. The overall polymer interaction with carbon black increases in the order: IIR, EPDM, NR, BR, SBR, the latter two being fairly close. Commercial carbon blacks will transfer extensively from an IIR Banbury masterbatch to NR, but not from EPDM to NR. Significant transfer to SBR occurs from both IIR and EPDM. Inert (partially graphitized) carbon blacks tend to distribute more evenly between the blend components regardless of which polymer contained them initially. Carbon black phase distributional variations can cause significant changes in unvulcanized and vulcanized rubber properties. For NR/BR and NR/SBR blends, reduced hysteresis generally occurs with a higher carbon black loading in the NR phase. Tear strength and cut growth tend to be maximized with higher carbon black in the continuous polymer phase, particularly when that phase is the higher strength polymer. The smaller the carbon black particle size, the greater the improvement in tear strength as a function of phase distribution. NR/BR fatigue life was maximized with about an equal distribution of carbon black in each polymer. This type of carbon black distribution also produced the greatest resistance to ozone cracking for NR/EPDM blends, which were further improved with very small domain size for the EPDM (disperse) phase. The abrasion resistance of NR/BR blends has indicated some improvement in the direction of higher carbon black in the BR. These results have been variable, however, and further study is needed for clarification.

Some Observations on Carbon Black

1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
C. M. Carson ◽  
L. B. Sebrell
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Rubber Cement

Abstract Different carbon blacks have certain definite effects upon the vulcanized rubber stocks with which they are mixed. The experiments described herein may be grouped under four main heads: (1) adsorption, (2) effect of heat, (3) reaction with sulfur and zinc oxide, and (4) dispersion or rate of settling. The adsorptive capacity of the black is a measure of the rate of cure of the rubber mix, low-adsorptive blacks giving a faster curing stock than high-adsorptive blacks. An indication of the stiffening action of a carbon black may be secured by measuring the amount of carbon dispersed in a thin rubber cement which cannot be centrifuged out in a given time. The effect of temperatures from 500° to 1200° C. on carbon blacks is to render them highly adsorptive and also to give a rubber mix which cures faster and has a higher modulus. The reaction of carbon blacks with sulfur and zinc oxide in boiling xylene liberates a substance having accelerating properties in a pure gum mix.

Dynamic light scattering study of intrinsic colloids of tetravalent actinides

2009 ◽  
Vol 1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
B.S. Tomar ◽  
V.K. Manchanda
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Dynamic Light Scattering ◽  
Scattering Measurements ◽  
Scattering Technique ◽  
Kinetics Of Formation ◽  
Dynamic Light Scattering Technique ◽  
Scattering Study ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Light Scattering Technique

AbstractKinetics of formation of intrinsic colloids by tetravelent metal ions, namely, Th(IV), Hf(IV) and Pu(IV) have been studied using the dynamic light scattering technique. The milli-molar solutions of Hf(IV) and Th(IV) were prepared at varying pH (2-4) and ionic strength (0-0.01 M) and the samples were subjected to dynamic light scattering measurements at regular intervals for few days. The results showed that the size of intrinsic colloids varies with pH and ionic strength. In the case of Pu(IV) the concentration of aqueous solutions was 4.5×10−5 M.

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