Silica and Silane Coupling Agent for in Situ Reinforcement of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber

1999 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Murakami ◽  
S. Osanai ◽  
M. Shigekuni ◽  
S. Iio ◽  
H. Tanahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
In Situ Silica ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dispersion Agent ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In situ silica reinforcement for the acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) vulcanizates, which were premixed with a conventional silica (VN-3) and γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS), was achieved by the sol-gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) using ethylenediamine. It was observed that the reinforcement efficiency tended to increase with the increase of mechanically premixed conventional silica. From the observations of transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the simultaneous use of VN-3 and γ-MPS was found to promote the formation of large silica particles and clusters with a relatively good dispersion by the sol-gel reaction of TEOS in the NBR vulcanizate. The results of hysteresis measurements supported this promotion. It was considered to be due to the surface modification of VN-3 by the sol-gel reaction of TEOS and the presence of γ-MPS which worked as a dispersion agent for silica particles. The relationship between the mechanical properties and the morphology of the in situ silica filled vulcanizates is discussed.

Reinforcement of Acrylonitrile—Butadiene Rubber by Silica Generated in situ

1998 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tanahashi ◽  
S. Osanai ◽  
M. Shigekuni ◽  
K. Murakami ◽  
Y. Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Hysteresis Loss ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
In Situ Silica ◽  
Reinforcement Efficiency ◽  
High Polarity

Abstract In situ silica reinforcement was applied to the acrylonitrile—butadiene rubber (NBR) vulcanizates. The amount of in situ silica introduced in the NBR vulcanizates was limited due to the high polarity of NBR. The presence of γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS) in the NBR vulcanizate increased the conversion of TEOS in the sol-gel reaction and resulted in the higher amount of in situ silica, compared to the system without γ-MPS. The obtained silica was very fine and dispersed very homogeneously. In situ sol-gel reaction of TEOS in the NBR vulcanizates mixed with a conventional silica (VN-3) was also carried out. The reinforcement efficiency in this system increased with the increase of the amount of mechanically mixed conventional silica. Interestingly, the hysteresis loss decreased by the in situ filling of silica.

Eu3+/Tb3+ Co-Doped Cerium Oxide Transparent Nanocomposite for Color-Tunable Emission

NANO ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1850119
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Yunlong Yu ◽  
Xiangfeng Guan ◽  
Peihui Luo ◽  
Linqin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Homogeneous Precipitation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Color Tunable ◽  
Co Doped ◽  
Tunable Emission

Eu[Formula: see text]/Tb[Formula: see text] co-doped nanocomposite containing CeO2 nanocrystals was successfully prepared by an in situ sol–gel polymerization approach. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the homogeneous precipitation of CeO2 nanocrystals among the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) matrix. The thermal stability and UV-shielding capability of the obtained nanocomposite were improved with increase of CeO2 content. The tuning of the emissive color from green and yellow to red can be easily achieved by varying the dopant species and concentration. These results suggested that the obtained nanocomposite could be potentially applicable in transparent solid-state luminescent devices.

An Experimental Study on Synthesis and Characterization of Silica Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

2007 ◽  
Vol 553 ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
Ali Shokuhfar ◽  
Tolou Shokuhfar ◽  
M. Ghazinejad ◽  
R. Babazade ◽  
S. Tabatabae
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Narrow Size Distribution ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Transmission Electron

Monodispersed nanometer-sized particles proved to be very important and advantageous in many industrial applications. One of the notable groups of these particles is silica (SiO2) nanoparticles which are widely utilized in developing numerous products such as electrical and thermal insulators, humidity sensors, varnish, etc. Since the quality of some of these products depends highly on the purity and size distribution of the silica particles, it is necessary to produce silica nanoparticles of narrow size distribution and very high purity. In this research silica nanoparticles, with a relatively narrow size distribution, have been synthesized via the hydrolysis reaction of tetraethoxisilane (TEOS) in the solution of deionized water and ethanol (C2H5OH), and in the presence of ammonia (NH3) as a catalyst. The nature, morphology and the size of the silica particles has been studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction. Results indicate that the morphology, structure and the diameter of silica particles depend strongly on the molar ratios of the reactants.

The Effect of Bis(3-Triethoxysilylpropyl) Tetrasulfide on Silica Reinforcement of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

1998 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Hashim ◽  
B. Azahari ◽  
Y. Ikeda ◽  
S. Kohjiya
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT) was found to affect the curing characteristics and the physical properties of styrene-butadiene (SBR) gum rubber and xin situ silica-filled SBR vulcanizates. Silica incorporated by the in situ sol-gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane with TESPT showed a much higher reinforcing efficiency than did conventional mechanical mixing and the in situ method without TESPT. The higher reinforcing efficiency is attributed to the formation of a silica-rubber network, which also changed the dynamic mechanical behavior of the SBR vulcanizates. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed in situ silica incorporation of very fine particles in comparison to the sol-gel process without TESPT.

scholarly journals Effects of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane grafting and in situ silica particle generation on the curing and mechanical properties of a styrene butadiene rubber composite

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (59) ◽  
pp. 34330-34341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjie Yin ◽  
Qiuyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Silica Particle ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Particle Generation ◽  
In Situ Silica ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The reinforcement of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) grafted styrene butadiene rubber (SBR-g-D4) with in situ generated silica was performed using the sol–gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in latex.

Behavior of Heavy Plastic Deformation of Cu-15Cr-0.1Zr In Situ Composite

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 2191-2194
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Xiao Hong Chen ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Lin Hua Gao ◽  
Bao Hong Tian
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Degree Of Deformation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fibrous Morphology ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The behavior of plastic deformation of Cu-15Cr-0.1Zr in-situ composite under different degree of cold drawing deformation was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that both Cu and Cr phases are elongated along cold drawn direction and appear a fibrous morphology; However, Cu phase shows a thread-like fibrous morphology and Cr phase shows a band-like fibrous morphology. The two phases have a coherent relationship of (111)Cu //(011)Cr; When the degree of deformation(ε)is equal to 6.43, the relationship shows// [111]Cu // [110]Cr //cold drawn direction. Furthermore, forming two different morphologies of Cu and Cr phases during cold drawing is also analyzed.

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