Autographic Stress-Strain Curves of Rubber at Low Elongations

1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Somerville ◽  
J. M. Ball ◽  
L. A. Edland
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Test Piece ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Test Room ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Strain Data ◽  
Accurate Stress

Abstract (1) Ring or loop test pieces permit autographic records to be drawn at constant speed. (2) A longer, larger test piece permits more accurate results to be obtained. (3) The effect of temperature of the test room is most important; speed of testing machine and direction of mill or calendar grain in sample less so; effect of relative humidity is nil. (4) The 10-inch (2.5-cm.) loop test piece described gives fairly accurate stress-strain data at low elongations, which probably is within the field approaching the action of rubber goods in service.

Properties of Hard Rubber. XIX. Effect of Temperature on Cross-Breaking Strength and Elongation

1947 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-526
Author(s):  
W. H. Willott
Keyword(s):  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Electric Radiator ◽  
Usual Order

Abstract In a series of cross-breaking tests carried out on hard rubber during hot weather, the values of the breaking elongation were higher than was expected, although the cross-breaking strength was of the usual order. It was thought that the high temperature might account for these results by making the hard rubber more plastic. The following experiments were, therefore, performed to investigate the effect of small changes of temperature, such as are encountered at different times of the year, on the cross-breaking strength and elongation. Test-pieces of standard size (75 × 25 × 5 mm.) were cut from a sheet of hard rubber of the composition: 68 per cent rubber, 32 per cent sulfur, which had been vulcanized for 5 hours at 155° C. They were immersed in a beaker of water and kept at the required temperature for about 15 minutes, when they were judged to have attained a steady temperature. The tests were carried out on an Avery fabric-testing machine fitted with special clamps to give a three-point loading test, the distance between the supporting knife-edges being 50.4 mm. (2 in.). These clamps were heated to the temperature of the specimens by means of an electric radiator. The specimens were tested as soon as possible after they had been removed from the water, so that the change of temperature during the test was reduced as far as possible. The standard conditions already laid down, were observed.

New Autographic Machine for Testing Tensile Properties of Rubber

1931 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-600
Author(s):  
George J. Albertoni
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Test Piece ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strength Of Materials ◽  
Considerable Deformation

Abstract A description is given of a testing machine for the measurement of the tensile strength of materials having considerable deformation, such as rubber. A stress-strain recording device is described in which the strain recorded responds to the separation between a pair of independently movable pointers which may be made to follow the separation of two marks, spaced upon the sample before insertion in the machine. Mechanical means are also described to correct for variations in the test-piece cross section, and to produce equal chart displacements for equal angular deviations of the inclination balance.

The Effect of Temperature on the Stress-Strain Properties of Vulcanized Rubber

1929 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
A. A. Somerville ◽  
W. H. Cope
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
The State ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Lower Strength ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Strain Relationship ◽  
Commercial Testing

Abstract A method has been devised for testing rubber at various temperatures by putting a simple attachment onto a commercial testing machine. Wide variations have been found in the stress-strain curves on the same stock at different temperatures. The stress-strain properties at different temperatures vary for different rubbers. The state of cure causes a wide variation in tests at various temperatures. The amount of sulphur used is a factor in the stress-strain relationship at different temperatures. Successive stresses on the same piece of rubber show large decreases after the first or second stress. Stripping tests on frictions show much lower strength at 100° C. than at 0° C. Overcures are indicated prominently when stocks are tested at 100° C. Artificially aged rubber tested under these conditions shows a very marked deterioration which may be offset by anti-oxidants.

Experimental Characterization of Mechanical Behavior of Cord-Rubber Composites

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kumar ◽  
C. W. Bert
Keyword(s):  
Response Characteristic ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Strain Response ◽  
Strain Gages ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Data

Abstract Unidirectional cord-rubber specimens in the form of tensile coupons and sandwich beams were used. Using specimens with the cords oriented at 0°, 45°, and 90° to the loading direction and appropriate data reduction, we were able to obtain complete characterization for the in-plane stress-strain response of single-ply, unidirectional cord-rubber composites. All strains were measured by means of liquid mercury strain gages, for which the nonlinear strain response characteristic was obtained by calibration. Stress-strain data were obtained for the cases of both cord tension and cord compression. Materials investigated were aramid-rubber, polyester-rubber, and steel-rubber.

A New Look at Measurements of Network Density

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Interaction Parameters ◽  
Network Density ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Solvent Interaction ◽  
Solvent Method ◽  
Strain Data ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Polymer Solvent ◽  
New Look

Abstract A two-solvent method for determining the polymer-solvent interaction parameters independently of stress-strain data is described. The values obtained are much lower than those reported previously. Network densities calculated from swelling data and these interaction parameters are in good agreement with those calculated from the return portion of a hysteresis loop at high elongations.

An Interchangeable Turning Sprue Bushing in a Multi Cavity Family Injection Mold

2012 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 600-604
Author(s):  
Rozana Mohd Dahan ◽  
Saiful Bahri Mohd Yasin ◽  
Zakaria Razak ◽  
Mohd Helmi Omar
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Test Piece ◽  
Volume Shrinkage ◽  
Injection Mold ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
The Family ◽  
Separate Injection

Interchangeable Turning Sprue Bushing (ITSB) is a small insert at the centre of core side used to change runner directions for injecting 2 different products in a separate injection mold by shifting the melt filling to the cavities. The development of ITSB is significant in cutting down cost and time consumed during fabrication of a multi cavity family mold. In this study, the tensile and flexural test pieces were designed using CAD Solidwork. The test pieces analysis was performed using CAE Cadmould simulation in order to observe the melt flow of four multi cavities family mold incorporated without and with ITSB insert. The Cadmould simulation was used specifically to analyse the melt filling, temperature distribution and volume shrinkage of the test pieces. The simulation result demonstrated that ITSB is a useful insert that can be used to overcome problems encountered in the family mold system by balancing the melt filling, minimize temperature distribution and reduced the differential of volume shrinkage of the test piece manufactured. ITSB also reduced the frequent defects formed during production such as short molding, flashing and warpage.

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