Laboratory Assessment of Molluscicidal and Cercaricidal Activities of Balanites aegyptiaca against Vectors of Schistosomiasis (Biomphalaria pfeifferi)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-486
Author(s):  
Muhammad Isa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Part ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Biomphalaria Pfeifferi ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Activity Test

Studies were conducted on assessment of molluscicidal and cercaricidal activities of leaves, fruits and endocarp of Balanite aegyptiaca Del against adult vectors of schistosomiasis (Biomphlaria Pfeifeferi) using standard methods. Preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted, where alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids were found present in leaves, fruits, and endocarp. Molluscicidal and cercaricidal activity test were also conducted. Snail mortalities were compared between each plant part and snail specie as well as LC50 of the plant parts were also recorded. The result obtained revealed that leaves extract was more susceptible to the death of the snail species. Comparing LC50, the leaves extract shows 0.0726 considered as the highest cercaricidal while fruits and endocarp showed highest LC50of 0.0531 and 0.0426 respectively. Keywords: Balanites Aegyptiaca, Molluscicidal, Cercaricidal Activities, Schistosomiasis (Biomphalaria pfeifferi).

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, GC-MS Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of CurcurbitapepoL. usingIts Leaf Sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Ezekwe Ahamefula Sunday ◽  
Nwadike Constance Nnedimma ◽  
Wokocha Gift Peter ◽  
George Boma Orlando
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
State University ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

This study evaluated the phytochemical screening, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and antioxidant activity of Curcurbitapepo L. using its leaf sample with standard methods. The sample used for the study was procured from Imo State University school farm and was properly identified. Result of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of  saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, phlobactannins, proteins, and anthraquinnones, while the GC-MS analysis revealed a total of 78 compounds, out which Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (C24H38O4) had the highest molecular weight, 2,4,6-Octatriene, 2,6-dimethyl- (C10H16) had the highest peak area of 10.21% while Morphinan-6-ol, 4,5-epoxy-N-methyl-, (5α 6α- (C17H21NO2) had the highest retention time. The antioxidant activity of the studied sample was enhanced against the control. Some of the compounds as revealed by GC-MS analysis could be of healthcare or industrial importance.  There is need for further studies on the leaf sample to ascertain further the observations of the present study. This study has evaluated the phytochemical screening, GC-MS analysis and antioxidant activity of C.pepo L. using its leaf sample.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF TOTAL FLAVONOIDS AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF LAGASCEA MOLLIS CAV. (ASTERACEAE)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Saradha M ◽  
Paulsamy S ◽  
Abinaya G
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Leaves And Roots

Aim of the study was to analyze the phytochemical constituents and estimation of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds of leaves and roots of the medicinal plant Lagascea mollis. Methanol extract of dried leaves and roots of L. mollis was prepared by using soxhlet apparatus. The extract prepared was tested forpreliminary qualitative phytochemical screening, followed by the quantitative estimation of total flavonoids and phenols by spectroscopy. The selected plant parts were found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids in both parts and saponin is present only in leaf. In quantitative estimation the reports revealedthe presence 0.017 and 0.013 mgRE/g extract and 458.91 and 704.50 mgGAE/g extract total flavonoids and phenolic compounds in leaf and root extract respectively. These major phytoconstituents present in this species may be accounted as factors for the medicinal importance of L. mollis.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Cinnamon verum Bark

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Hamza Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Ashraf Mahmoud Ramadhani ◽  
Ibrahim Yaagoub Erwa ◽  
Omer Adam Omer Ishag ◽  
Mohamed Bosharh Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Acetone Extracts

cinnamon dating from 1000 AD when it was firstly recorded in English due to its important as aroma and as herbs. The aim of this study was to investigate phytochemicals constitutes, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of commercial samples of Cinnamon verum bark. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, while the crude extracts were prepared by three different solvents methanol (70%), acetone and aqueous. Phytochemical screening of crude extracts was performed using standard methods. The essential oil was subjected to GC-MS analysis and tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Eschericchia coli and Candida albicans. The obtained results indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarin, tannins, terpenoids, saponin, glycoside, anthrocyanin and phenolic compounds in the methanolic, aqoueous and acetone extracts of C. verum bark; while the major components of the extracted essential oil of C. verum bark were cinnamaldehyde (85.50%), stigmasterol (3.69%), Cadinene (1.37%), (E)-cinnamaldehyde (1.35%), alpha-amorphene (1.33%), hydrocinnamaldehyde (1.28%), alpha-cubebene (1.25) and ergosterol (1.09%) respectively. The antimicrobial activity result indicated the high activity of the extracted essential oil against all tested microorganisms at high concentration; except in S. typhimurium and C. albicans at concentrations of 25% and 12.5% no activity was noticed. Based in our obtained results the essential oil of C. verum bark had high potential as antimicrobial agent, therefore, recommended for more advanced studies to be conducted on this abundant plant as natural source of antibiotics.

Preliminary Phytochemical screening of Persicaria sagittata: Future prospective for kidney stone

2021 ◽  
pp. 4367-4370
Author(s):  
Ankita Sharma ◽  
Ishita Ishita ◽  
Inder Kumar ◽  
Kritika Verma ◽  
Bhumika Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Secondary Product ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Uric Acid Stones

Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds, which are used to treatments of various diseases. In the present study, Persicaria sagittata medicinal plant was used for the preliminary phytochemical screening. Methanol and petroleum ether were used as a solvent for obtaining the extraction of the plant. Both the extracts were further study for qualitative phytochemical screening using standard methods. Phytochemical screening shows that methanolic extract possesses the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and vitamin A as tannins and flavonoids are helpful for the uric acid stones. The study reveals that medicinal plant provides a basis of its use in medicine, improve to further drugs in the pharmaceutical area, and contains different biologically active constituents, and the secondary product is valuable of further analysis.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachta indica A. Juss. ) DENGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI PERKOLASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Yanu Andhiarto ◽  
Rina Andayani ◽  
Nur Hidayatul Ilmiyah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Activity Test

Skin infections most often found in developing countries, especially in the tropics, are purulent skin inflammation (pyoderma), the main cause of Staphylococcus aureus. The increasing number of cases of bacteria that are resistant to antibacterial can encourage the extraction of sources of antibacterial drugs from natural ingredients. One of the plants that is thought to have the antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus is the Neem plant. In this study an antibacterial activity test was carried out with the well diffusion method from 96% ethanol extract of Mimba leaves extracted by percolation method. Previously 96% ethanol extract from Mimba leaves had been identified by secondary metabolites by phytochemical screening and standardized extract testing. Standarization using non-specific parameters (moisture content, ash content and drying losses) found that 96% ethanol extract of Mimba leaves entered a range of standard parameters and in phytochemical screening tests obtained 96% ethanol extract of Mimba leaves containing alcaloid, saponins, tannins, steroids / terpenoids and flavonoids. The results of the study on the antibacterial activity test showed a concentration of 75% ethanol extract of 96% Mimba leaves classified as having strong activity, at a concentration of 50% and 25% classified as having moderate activity. Based on this study it can be concluded that the three concentrations of 96% ethanol extract of Mimba leaves were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Effects of land use on intermediate snail host fauna, abundance, distribution and cercariae infection rate in Omo-Gibe river basin, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketema Deribew ◽  
Etana Jaleta ◽  
Belayhun Mandefro ◽  
Zeleke Mekonnen ◽  
Delenasaw Yewhalaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Biomphalaria Pfeifferi

Abstract Background: Land use and land cover change significantly affects biodiversity, abundance and distribution of intermediate snail host fauna. In Omo-Gibe river basin the extent of land-use change is high due to anthropogenic activities leading to habitat change of freshwater snail intermediate hosts. Most intermediate snail hosts of human Schistosome parasites belong to two genera, Biomphalaria and Bulinus. In Addition, Lymnea spp. is another important host of Fasciola which causes fasciolasis in domestic animals and human. This study aims to assess the effects of land-use on the distribution and abundance of freshwater snail intermediate hosts and cercariae infection rates of fresh water intermediate snail hosts in Omo-Gibe River basin, Ethiopia.Methods: This study was conducted in Omo-Gibe river basin in 130 sampling sites which include rivers, lakes, dams, stream, wetlands and irrigation ditches. At each site data on land use, anthropogenic activities, freshwater snail abundance and species diversity, and water samples were collected. Snails were collected from each sampling sites using a scoop (20cm x 30cm) with a mesh size of 300µm. Snails were sorted by genus on Enamel pan using forceps and preserved in labeled vials containing 75% ethanol. Live snails collected from the same habitat were sorted carefully and put in clean plastic buckets half filled with water. Afterwards, snails were provided with fresh lettuce leaves and maintained in the laboratory. Snails were then identified morphologically to family, genus and to species level. Each snail was examined for cercaria shedding by placing in a petri dish containing water and exposed to the sun for 2 hours. Cercariae were morphologically identified by microscopy. ArcGIS software of version 10.3.1 was used to map snail distribution and data were analysed using SPSS version-20.Results: The results obtained in this study shows clearly that land use change affect the distribution and abundance of fresh water snails in Omo-Gibe river basin. Fresh water snails were more abundant in farmland and settlement areas. Of the total 2,559 freshwater snails collected from 130 surveyed sites in Omo-Gibe river basin, 1749 (68.34%) belongs to medically important snail species. Biomphalaria spp.914 (35.7%),, Lymnea spp.439 (17.1%),, Physa spp. 343(13.4%) and Bulinus spp 53 (2%)). Sphaeriidae group accounted for 810 (31.6%) of the collected specimens. Biomphalaria pfeifferi was the predominant species of the total snail sampled from lakes, wetlands, rivers and irrigation ditches. Biomphalaria pfeifferi was the most infected snail species by different cercariae. Bulinus globosus and L.natalensis were infected by more than one and same type of cercariae. However, none of B. sudanica and P. acuta specimens was infected by trematode.Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that land use change altered the abundance, distribution and diversity of medically important fresh water snails in the study area. In general medically important freshwater snails which include: Biomphalaria spp, Bulinus spp and Lymnaea spp were collected from lakes, rivers, wetlands, irrigation ditches.. The medically important snail species found infected by cercaria are L. natalensis, B. pfeifferi and B. globosus. Biomphalaria pfefferi was the predominant species and highly infected by cercariae. Higher infection rate was observed in snails collected in Farmland (16.59%) and Grassland (36.6%).

Comparative Phytochemical Screening of Karela (Momordica charantia) and Jambul (Syzygium cumini) Claimed for Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Reni Nigam ◽  
◽  
Prafull Sen ◽  
Rashmi Singh ◽  
Praveen Garg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Successive Extraction ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Phytochemicals from herbal medicine are helpful for human health as well as crucial for the existence. The aim of present study was to investigate phytochemicals present in two medicinal plants Momordica charantia and Syzygium cumini to prove their traditional uses for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Successive extraction was done with selected solvents viz., ethanol, methanol and water using maceration. Standard methods were used for the identification of phytochemicals like alkaloids test, phenols test, saponins test, carbohydrates test, proteins test, amino acids test, flavonoids test, diterpenes test. In conclusion, our findings showed that the methanol extract of both the plant contain most of the phytoconstituents when compare with other solvent extracts such as ethanol and water. Methanol extract of Syzygium cumini showed positive test with numerous phytoconstituents compare to Momordica charantia.

scholarly journals Plant Part Age and Size Affect Sessile Macrobenthic Assemblages Associated with a Foliose Red Algae Phycodrys rubens in the White Sea

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Chava ◽  
Anna Artemieva ◽  
Eugeniy Yakovis
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Total Cover ◽  
Macrobenthic Assemblages

Facilitation by foundation species commonly structures terrestrial and marine communities. Intraspecific variation in individual properties of these strong facilitators can affect the whole suite of the dependent taxa. Marine macroalgae often act as ecosystem engineers, providing shelter and substrate for numerous associated organisms. Epibiosis of foliose red algae, however, remains underexplored, especially in the high latitudes. Here we studied sessile macrobenthic assemblages associated with a foliose red algae Phycodrys rubens in the White Sea (66° N) shallow subtidal, and the effect of individual plant properties on their structure. The blades of P. rubens develop annually, and it is possible to tell the young (usually larger) plant parts from the old ones. We hypothesized that epibenthic community structure depends on plant part age and size. We examined epibiosis on 110 plants at two sites, and the results generally supported our hypotheses. Old plant parts were several times smaller, and had higher total cover than young parts. Sponges strongly dominated the epibiosis on old parts, and young parts were dominated by polychaetes and bryozoans. Plant part surface area negatively correlated with total cover on young parts, while on old parts the relatioship was location-specific. On young parts the relative abundance of a polychaete Circeis armoricana increased with surface area, and the proportion of sponges decreased. The patterns indicate that epibenthic community structure is linked to the demography of an ecosystem engineer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document