scholarly journals Putting the Ghost into Language: Cartesian Echoes in Contemporary French Medical Humanism

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-63
Author(s):  
Matthew R. McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Moral Standing ◽  
Medical Humanism ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Definition Of

This article offers a definition of medical humanism and identifies four key contemporary medical humanists in France. It then makes two claims about the historical provenance of their humanism. First, they define it in opposition to a process of iatric medicalization that they trace to certain conceptual errors made by Descartes. But second, they remain more Cartesian than they seem to realize because they accept Descartes's knotting together of humanity, ethics and language. By looking at Gori and Del Volgo, Roudinesco and Ricoeur, the author is able to show how French medical humanism repeats the Cartesian gesture of locating humanity in language - thus facing the problem of the moral standing of so-called "marginal" human persons and non-human animal persons. The author concludes with a call to radicalize French medical humanism in pursuit of a more inclusive medical "personism".

scholarly journals Redefining human-animal relationships: an evaluation of methods to allow their empirical measurement in zoos

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Patel ◽  
K Whitehouse-Tedd ◽  
SJ Ward
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Content Quality ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Voluntary Approach ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Animal Welfare Science ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
Definition Of

Scientific studies of human-animal interactions (HAIs) and how these develop into human-animal relationships (HARs) now represent some of the most significant contributions to animal welfare science. However, due to the current definition of HAR, studies have only been able to measure HAIs and infer its impact on HARs and animal welfare. Here, we redefine HARs as a series of repeated HAIs between two individuals known to each other, the nature of which is influenced by their historical HAIs and where consideration to the content, quality and the pattern of the interactions is also vital. With a new definition, it is now feasible to empirically measure HARs, however, first, it is important to evaluate current methods utilised in animal industries to allow standardisation across HAR research in zoos. Here, we review the current methods that have been used to assess HAIs in animals and determine their overall suitability for measuring HARs and their use in a zoo environment. Literature searches were conducted using the search terms 'human-animal' AND 'interaction', 'human-animal' AND 'relationship', 'human-animal' AND 'bond'. Subsequently, 'zoo', 'companion', 'agriculture', 'laboratory' and 'wild' were added to each combination yielding five potential methods to evaluate. These methods were assessed according to a panel of indicators including reliability, robustness, practical application and feasibility for use in a zoo environment. Results indicated that the methods utilising 'latency', 'qualitative behaviour assessment' and the 'voluntary approach test' were potentially viable to assess HARs in a zoo environment and could subsequently contribute to the assessment of welfare implications of these HARs for the animals involved. These methods now require empirical testing and comparisons within a zoo environment.

scholarly journals Almanach antropologiczny. Communicare. Tom 8. Miasta/Zwierzęta

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Local Characteristics ◽  
Interesting Study ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Interspecies Relations

An interesting study on interspecies relations in cities, set in concrete cultural phenomena. It is a radical re-definition of human-animal relations, an analysis of mutual dependencies, a description of complexity and dynamics of changes in urban spaces. On the one hand, the publications refers to various cultural contexts, on the other hand, it shows local characteristics of the presented phenomena and the Polish perspective, which includes different towns. The book may inspire reflections on relations between humans and animals in future cities as well as the ways of organising them, especially in the context of the 19th and 20th century modernising movements.

Human-animal relations.

2009 ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Susanne Waiblinger ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Animal ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter provides a definition of the human-animal relationship and discusses the reasons for variation in this relationship, as well as its relevance regarding the behaviour and welfare of farm and pet animals.

Twenty years on-changes in laboratory animal science

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
John Seamer
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Laboratory Animal Science

Changes in laboratory animal science in the 20 years since George Porter's death are reviewed, with particular emphasis on animal welfare. The need for a generally acceptable definition of animal welfare is emphasized and a new definition is propounded. The concept of stewardship as a basis for human-animal relationships is explored. This involves Man accepting his responsibility for his relationship with, and care of, animals while simultaneously accepting a moral responsibility to God, or others, for that care and relationship.

Hawks and knights

Reinardus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 120-141
Author(s):  
Antonella Sciancalepore
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Identity Shift ◽  
Chansons De Geste ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Erec Et Enide

This article explores the role of hunting birds in the definition of the knight in twelfth- and thirteenth-century French chivalric literature. After some introductory remarks on the identity-shaping role of hawks in the hunting practices of medieval aristocracy, the article focuses on the multi-faceted identity correlation between knights and hawks across romance and chansons de geste. The analysis of episodes drawn from various texts provides evidence of three levels of this human/animal relationship: the use of hawks as aristocratic and chivalric badges (Octavian, Enfances Vivien, Guillaume d’Angleterre); the use of hawks as visual doubles of knights (Anseÿs de Metz, Erec et Enide, Lai de Yonec); the representation of the link between knight and hawk as a flow of actions and values going in both directions of the human/animal divide (Jean Renart’s L’Escoufle). Through this analysis, the study demonstrates that chivalric literature established between knights and hawks a multi-layered and two-fold identity shift, which contributed to convey the ambiguities of the chivalric ethical model.

Accounting and the Moral Order: Justice, Accounting, and Legitmate Moral Authority

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Moral Authority ◽  
Moral Discourse ◽  
Moral Standing ◽  
Moral Order ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
Legal Definition ◽  
Accounting Rules ◽  
Moral Rules ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
As If

Relying upon the manner in which accountants speak about their practice, this paper provides an argument that accounting discourse suffers from incoherence. Arguing that accountants speak as if the institution of accounting is part of a moral order, it follows that for accounting to have moral standing it must be capable of providing good reasons for people to conform to accounting directives. Through the work of Baier (1995) and Habermas (1990), the paper describes the nature of a moral order and develops the conclusion that good reasons for accounting rules must be society anchored ones. Two examples are provided that illustrate why considerations of accounting as a deeply moral discourse are important. The first example is the iron law of accountability—which acts to subject people to accounting intrusions that may be unnecessary. The second example is the case of SFAS No. 106. The post-retirement benefits standard is a recent example of the FASB establishing a supra-legal definition of liability by assuming technical capabilities that simply do not exist. The paper concludes with a discussion of how a view of accounting as a system of moral rules may lead to the consideration that the appropriate solution to an “accounting problem” may not always be to extend the technical scope of accounting.

scholarly journals BEM-ESTAR ANIMAL: CONCEITO E QUESTÕES RELACIONADAS – REVISÃO

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. BROOM ◽  
C.F.M. MOLENTO
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
New Science ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Human Animal Interaction ◽  
Animal Interaction ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Stress And Health

Bem-estar é um termo de uso corrente em várias situações e seu significado geralmente não é preciso. Entretanto, definição objetiva de bem-estar faz-se necessária para a utilização científica e profissional do conceito. Bem-estar deve ser definido de forma que permita pronta relação com outros conceitos, tais como: necessidades, liberdades, felicidade, adaptação, controle, capacidade de previsão, sentimentos, sofrimento, dor, ansiedade, medo, tédio, estresse e saúde. Objetiva-se na revisão apresentar uma definição de bem-estar animal atendendo os critérios mencionados, associada a uma explicação sobre a avaliação do bem-estar animal. Espera-se oferecer ao leitor uma base para o entendimento desta nova ciência, indispensável aos profissionais cujo trabalho gira em torno da interação entre seres humanos e animais. Animal welfare: concept and related issues – Review Abstract Welfare is a word widely used by public in many situations and its meaning is often not precise. However, an objective definition is needed if the concept is to be used scientifically and professionally. Moreover, welfare has to be defined in such a way that it can be readily related to other concepts such as: needs, freedoms, happiness, coping, control, predictability, feelings, suffering, pain, anxiety, fear, boredom, stress and health. This review presents a definition of animal welfare which satisfies these criteria, as well as explaining how to assess welfare. Its main objective is to offer the reader a basis for an understanding of this new science, which is essential to those whose work centres on the human-animal interaction.

scholarly journals Towards a More Sustainable Human–Animal Relationship: The Legal Protection of Wildlife in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Feng ◽  
Wenjie Liao ◽  
Junhua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Narrow Scope ◽  
Damage Compensation ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Wildlife Utilization ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Definition Of

Problems of the human–animal relationship in China are associated with imperfect legal protection. Few recent studies in English have focused on the entire legislation framework for wildlife protection, or paid sufficient attention to revision of the Wildlife Protection Law of China. This study aims to provide a review of the legislation pertinent to the overall framework of wildlife protection in China, thus making the legislative framework understood by a broader audience. We present various legal documents of national, local, and international level—including the Constitution, national laws, national administrative regulations and departmental rules, and local regulations and rules, all selected for their direct and close relation to wildlife protection. We then discuss the challenges of internal defects in the legislation for wildlife protection and problems of coordination between the laws—including the lack of stipulation on the definition of wildlife, the narrow scope of the legal protection of wildlife, the incomplete stipulation on the property rights of wildlife, the imperfect stipulation on wildlife utilization, the relatively limited protection system of wildlife habitats, and the relatively vague damage compensation caused by wildlife protection, with an emphasis on revisions of the Wildlife Protection Law of China in 2016. In conclusion, we draw wider implications for the legal protection of wildlife in China, arguing for a more sustainable human–animal relationship.

scholarly journals Human-Animal Studies: Remembering the Past, Celebrating the Present, Troubling the Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 797-833
Author(s):  
Kenneth Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
State Of The Field

Abstract This is the third in a series of reports on the state of the field of Human-Animal Studies. In the introductory section, major terms in the prevailing definition of the field—Human-Animal Studies is the interdisciplinary study of human-animal relationships—are unpacked and critically analyzed. Subsequent sections deal with the field’s past, present, and possible futures. A schematic history of the field considers both scholarly contributions and programmatic inroads in the academy. The current state of the field section describes its breadth in terms of publication venues, disciplines that interface with it, and the variety of methods employed. It also offers a description of several common strategies that critique the received view of the categorical divide between human and other animal beings. The final section highlights both the potential of and anticipated roadblocks to each of several future trajectories.

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