scholarly journals Empress Elisabeth (‘Sisi’) of Austria and Patriotic Fashionism

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Christopher M. VanDemark
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Patriotic Sentiment ◽  
Revolution Of 1848

In this article, Christopher VanDemark explores the intersections between nationalism, fashion, and the royal figure in Hungary between 1857 and the Compromise of 1867. Focusing on aesthetics as a vehicle for feminine power at a critical junction in Hungarian history, VanDemark contextualizes Empress Elisabeth’s role in engendering a revised political schema in the Habsburg sphere. Foreseeing the power of emblematic politics, the young Empress adeptly situated herself between the Hungarians and the Austrians to recast the Hungarian martyrology narrative promulgated after the failed revolution of 1848. Eminent Hungarian newspapers such as the Pesti Napló, Pester Lloyd, and the Vasárnapi Újság form the backbone of this article, as publications such as these facilitated the dissemination of patriotic sentiment while simultaneously exulting the efficacy of symbolic fashions. The topic of study engages with contemporary works on nationalism, which emphasize gender and aesthetics, and contributes to the emerging body of scholarship on important women in Hungarian history. Seminal texts by Catherine Brice, Sara Maza, Abby Zanger, and Lynn Hunt compliment the wider objective of this brief analysis, namely, the notion that the Queen’s body can both enhance and reform monarchical power within a nineteenth-century milieu.

Economics, Society, and Sociopolitical Thought in Hungary during the Age of Capitalism

1975 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 113-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Hanák
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Hungarian Revolution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Revolution Of 1848

By abolishing feudalism, the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 helped to create the economic preconditions and the legal-political framework necessary for capitalistic development. This made it possible for Hungary to adapt her economy to the market possibilities offered by the Industrial Revolution in western and central Europe and to share in the agrarian boom of the period between 1850 and 1873. The previously existing division of labor between western and eastern Europe and between the western and eastern parts of the Habsburg monarchy continued on a scale larger than before, with the significant difference, however, that this practice now speeded up rather than retarded the development of preconditions for capitalism. During the first half of the nineteenth century the preconditions for capitalism had come into existence in the Cisleithanian provinces at considerable expense to the Hungarian economy.

Irish Catholicism and English Toryism

1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert A. Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Liberal Ideology ◽  
Corn Laws ◽  
Revolution Of 1848 ◽  
The Waves

In the midst of the European Revolution of 1848, T. B. Macaulay offered the classical Whig explanation for England's immunity to it. England needed no revolution in 1848 because it had had its own safe and sane revolution of 1688, climaxed by that masterpiece of political wisdom, the Whig settlement. Without wholly superseding this distinctly Whig interpretation of England's stability in the midst of Europe's mid-nineteenth century cataclysms, Elie Halévy has supplemented it by pointing to the stabilizing influence of the Methodist-Evangelical Movement.Macaulay and Halévy overlooked one important element in Britannia's ability to rule the waves of revolution. It is an element somewhat repellent to liberal-minded historians, both in its nature and its source. For one of the factors in England's stability was the growth of a xenophobic, anti-revolutionary, nationalistic spirit and it was closely connected with anti-Catholicism. This anti-Catholicism was fostered and given direction by the Conservatives between 1832 and 1845, at which time it split that party wide open over the issue of the grant to the Roman Catholic Seminary of Maynooth in Ireland, as it had sixteen years earlier over Catholic Emancipation. The remarkable success of the Conservatives in rallying Englishmen to the anti-Irish “no-Popery” standard has been obscured by the traditional view that the period 1829–1848 saw the triumph of the liberal ideology, beginning with Catholic Emancipation, passing through the Reform Bill of 1832, and culminating in the Repeal of the Corn Laws.

Problems of the Development of Hungarian Industry, 1900–1944

1964 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Ránki
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Revolution Of 1848 ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Revolution

The revolution of 1848, by ending the system of serfdom, had created the basic conditions of Hungary's industrialization; however, since the revolution had remained incomplete and the War of Independence had been lost, the ensuing suppression by Austrian absolutism and the considerable feudal survivals proved a strong barrier to the way of social and economic progress. The Austro-Hungarian monarchy, a product of the Compromise of 1867, offered somewhat more favorable conditions for economic development. Nevertheless, the structure of the dual monarchy kept Hungary's industrialization within rather narrow limits: the absence of independent statehood and the existence of a common customs area with Austria exposed the Hungarian market to devastating competition from Austria's more advanced manufacturing industry; and since these circumstances helped to consolidate the political and economic power of the large landowners, the capital accumulating within the country served above all the capitalist development of agriculture. So towards the end of the nineteenth century, nearly half a century after the bourgeois revolution, Hungary was still a wholly agrarian country whose major exports were foodstuffs and agricultural produce. The rapid development of manufacturing industry began as late as the last decade of the nineteenth century and continued until the beginning of World War I, over a span of some twenty-five years.

scholarly journals The Beginnings of Bible Mission of the British and Foreign Bible Society in Early Nineteenth Century Hungary

Perichoresis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Ottó Pecsuk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Revolution Of 1848 ◽  
The Revolution ◽  
Policies And Practices

Abstract The paper examines the very beginnings of Bible Mission in Hungary within the Habsburg Empire in the first part of the nineteenth century. It divides the first thirty years into two major epochs: the one before Gottlieb August Wimmer, Lutheran pastor of Felsőlövő (Oberschützen) and agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS) and the one characterized by his work until the revolution of 1848. In the paper, I summarize the main obstacles of Bible Mission both political and religious as well as the main achievements and formations of policies and practices that still define Bible Mission of the Bible Societies in all around the world. The work of BFBS in Hungary in this period was also intertwined with the formative period of the Budapest Scottish Mission, a topic that I also touch in the paper.

Toleration and Repression: German States, the Law and the ‘Sects’ in the Long Nineteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 338-361
Author(s):  
Manfred Henke
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
General Law ◽  
German States ◽  
The Law ◽  
Revolution Of 1848 ◽  
The Church ◽  
The French Revolution

At the beginning of the period, the Prussian General Law Code did not provide for equal rights for members of ‘churches’ and those of ‘sects’. However, the French Revolution decreed the separation of church and state and the principle of equal rights for all citizens. Between the Congress of Vienna (1815) and the revolution of 1848, Prussian monarchs pressed for the church union of Lutheran and Reformed and advocated the piety of the Evangelical Revival. The Old Lutherans felt obliged to leave the united church, thus eventually forming a ‘sect’ favoured by the king. Rationalists, who objected to biblicism and orthodoxy, were encouraged to leave, too. As Baptists, Catholic Apostolics and Methodists arrived from Britain and America, the number of ‘sects’ increased. New ways of curtailing their influence were devised, especially in Prussia and Saxony.

The Rise of Political Protestantism in Nineteenth Century Germany

1965 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Bigler
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Full Attention ◽  
German Revolution ◽  
Revolution Of 1848

Prior to the outbreak of the German Revolution of 1848, the liberal publicists Wilhelm Jordan and Robert Prutz complained bitterly about “the foolish absorption of the Germans in theological problems.… when political and economic issues should occupy their full attention.”

Popular Gymnastics and the Military Spirit in Germany, 1848–1871

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit Elisabeth Dencker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Political System ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
German States ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Popular Nationalism ◽  
Revolution Of 1848 ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Revolution

Over the course of the nineteenth century, a popular nationalist movement developed in the German states that had gained considerable strength by 1871, the year of unification. The German gymnastics association movement was one of the main forms in which popular nationalism was organized. It was started by Friedrich Ludwig Jahn early in the nineteenth century as a means to train young Germans to fight the French occupation. Gradually, it developed into a movement that sought to unify Germany, a project that was not, at first, supported by the German states. The movement was also guided by liberal and, especially before the revolution of 1848, democratic principles, and in this sense, too, was at odds with the reigning political system in Central Europe.

Giono and Melville: A ‘voyage imaginaire’ through nineteenth-century England

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-320
Author(s):  
Nicholas Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Moby Dick ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Revolution Of 1848

Giono’s novel of 1941, Pour saluer Melville, was initially conceived as a biographical essay to accompany the author’s translation of Moby Dick, which appeared the same year, but, in its final version, it is a complex work of fiction which evokes Giono’s own passionate affair with Blanche Meyer, his native Provence, the nature of artistic vocation and, political issues of injustice, imprisonment, democracy and freedom, embodied in France in the Revolution of 1848 and in England by Chartism. This article explores how Giono uses the techniques of the ‘voyage imaginaire’ to follow Melville on a fictitious journey through nineteenth-century England, with references to the Irish famine, and to reflect on his own pacifism and pursuit of justice in the climate of German occupation and Vichy France. Finally, the novel asserts its own autonomy by providing a Borgesian invention of alternative sources for the creation of Moby Dick.

FINANCIAL REVOLUTION: REPRESENTING BRITISH FINANCIAL CRISIS AFTER THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-510
Author(s):  
Lanya Lamouria
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Capitalist Economy ◽  
Revolution Of 1848 ◽  
The French Revolution

Punch's Mr. Dunupis indeed in an awful position. Having fled to France to escape his English creditors, he finds himself in the midst of the French Revolution of 1848. The question that he must answer – what is worse, revolution in France or bankruptcy in England? – is one that preoccupied Victorians at midcentury, when a wave of European revolutions coincided with the domestic financial crisis of 1845–48. In classic accounts of nineteenth-century Europe, 1848 is remembered as the year when a crucial contest was waged between political revolution, identified with the Continent, and capitalism, identified with Britain. According to Eric Hobsbawm, the failure of the 1848 revolutions to effect lasting political change ushered in “[t]he sudden, vast and apparently boundless expansion of the world capitalist economy”: “Political revolution retreated, industrial revolution advanced” (2). For mid-nineteenth-century Britons, however, the triumph of capitalism was by no means assured. In what follows, I look closely at how Victorian journalists and novelists imagined the British financial crisis of the 1840s after this event was given new meaning by the 1848 French Revolution. Much of this writing envisions political revolution and the capitalist economy in the same way as thePunchsatirist does – not as competing ideologies of social progress but as equivalent forms of social disruption. As we will see, at midcentury, the ongoing financial crisis was routinely represented as a quasi-revolutionary upheaval: it was a mass disturbance that struck terror into the middle classes precisely by suddenly and violently toppling the nation's leading men and social institutions.

The Rumanians and the Disintegration of the Habsburg Monarchy

1967 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-476
Author(s):  
Andrei Oţetea
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Social Oppression ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Revolution Of 1848 ◽  
The Revolution

The problem with which this survey is concerned is the role played by the Rumanians of Transylvania as an integrating and disintegrating force in the Habsburg monarchy in the nineteenth century. This problem is unusually complex, since it can be examined from various points of view and at different stages in its historical development. On the basis of changing economic, political, and social factors, we may discern at least five such stages: (1) the first half of the century, during which Transylvania maintained the autonomy it had enjoyed since the promulgation of the Leopoldine Diploma in 1691; (2) the revolution of 1848–1849; (3) the period of absolutism of the 1850's, during which the Rumanians, who had failed to obtain territorial autonomy within the empire, were parceled out among various administrative units and continued to suffer national and social oppression at the hands of the dominant Magyar classes; (4) the so-called “liberal era” between 1860 and 1867, during which the court beguiled the Rumanians with promises that their national rights would at last be recognized in the monarchy generally and in Transylvania in particular; and (5) the period of dualism and the forced incorporation of Transylvania into Hungary.

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