scholarly journals The efficacy of different methods of preparation of ultra high dilutions of gibberellic acid on the synthesis of alpha-amylase in de- embryonated endosperm halves of barley seed

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tamara Jane Balding
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Serial Dilution ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Barley Seed ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
High Degree

The mode of action of homoeopathic remedies is not well understood and is questioned by the scientific community due to the high degree of dilution of such remedies. The method by which remedies are produced is thought to instill the efficacy into these remedies. This research examines whether effective homoeopathic remedies may be prepared by electromagnetic induction, by serial dilution alone, or by conventional Hahnemannian production, which includes succussion. These methods were investigated in terms of the ability of dilutions of gibberellic acid, prepared by the above methods, to induce production of a-amylase by de-embryonated endosperm halves of barley seed.

scholarly journals The effect of ultra high dilutions of gibberellic acid on the synthesis of a-amylase in de-embryonated halves of barley seed (Hordeum vulgare stirling)

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Richard Steele
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Barley Seed ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
High Dilutions

This study investigated the effect of ultra high dilutions of gibberellic acid (GA3) on the synthesis of the enzyme a-amylase in de-embryonated endosperm halves of barley seed (Hordeum vulgare cv. Stirling, ex Caledon, Western Cape, South Africa, 1998 harvest), in order to determine whether such dilutions are capable of producing a biological effect or not. Homoeopathic theory and practice proposes that such dilutions are capable of such effects (Gaier 1991 :445-447).

scholarly journals Alpha Amylase from Bacillus pacificus Associated with Brown Algae Turbinaria ornata: Cultural Conditions, Purification, and Biochemical Characterization

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Mona Alonazi ◽  
Aida Karray ◽  
Ahmed Yacine Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed ◽  
Abir Ben Bacha
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Terminal Sequence ◽  
Turbinaria Ornata ◽  
Substrate Analogs ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Application Data ◽  
High Degree

We aimed in the current study, the identification of a marine bacterial amylase produced by Bacillus pacificus, which was associated with Turbinaria ornata. Cultural conditions were optimized for the highest amylase production on Tryptic soy broth media supplemented with starch 1% at initial pH 9, 55 °C for 24 h. The newly purified amylase was characterized for a possible biotechnological application. Data indicated that the obtained amylase with a molecular weight of 40 kD and the N-terminal sequence of the first 30 amino acids of amBp showed a high degree of homology with known alpha amylase, and was stable at 60 °C of pH 11. Among the tested substrate analogs, amBp was almost fully active on Alylose and Alylopectine (97%), but moderately hydrolyzed glycogen < sucrose < maltose < lactose. Therefore, the current amylase mainly generated maltohexaose from starch. Mg2+ and Zn2+ improved amylase activity up to 170%. While ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) similarly induced the greatest activity with purified amylase, PCMB had the least effect. Regarding all these characteristics, amylase from marine bacterial symbionts amBp has a new promising feature for probable therapeutic, industrial, and nutritional applications.

THE CONSTANCY OF REPEATED AGGLUTINATION TESTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PULLORUM DISEASE

1931 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Biely
Keyword(s):  
General Condition ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Macroscopic Appearance ◽  
Eradication Program ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
High Degree

A high degree of consistency was secured in retests of five groups of birds from various sources and tested from 2 to 22 times. The results of repeated agglutination tests were, except in a few cases, confirmed by the macroscopic appearance of the ovary and by bacteriological examination.Data show that positive reactors consistently react positive to the test, and that they seldom recover from pullorum infection. This is especially true of birds that have completed the first laying year. With these very little variation can be expected in retests at short intervals. In the case of pullets that are just starting to lay, a small percentage of reactors may throw off the infection and subsequently react negatively.Non-reactors from an infected flock when left in contact with reactors in presence or absence of males, may in later tests react positively. This is generally due to infection through contact with infected birds, contaminated droppings, feed, water or litter. These non-reactors, if kept isolated from reactors, as a rule remain negative. When such birds become reactors at subsequent tests, the possibility of recent infection taking place just before or after the first test is not excluded. Hence, non-reactors from infected flocks should be retested at short intervals.Suspicious reactors as a rule do not show marked variations in titre from month to month. It is impossible to predict whether a suspicious reactor will in course of time become a distinctly positive or negative reactor. With these birds therefore diagnosis must be done with care and the general condition of the flock taken into consideration. In an eradication program the bird has to be sacrificed unless it is very valuable, in which case several retests would need to be conducted before a final diagnosis is made.Male birds do not as a rule react in as high dilutions as females, consequently fluctuations in reaction from test to test are not uncommon. Therefore, particular care must be exercised in diagnosis in the case of male birds.

THE EFFECT OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE, GIBBERELLIC ACID AND LIGHT ON SEED DORMANCY AND GERMINATION OF STINKWEED AND WILD MUSTARD

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. HSIAO
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Brassica Kaber ◽  
Mustard Seeds ◽  
Seeds Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

Light treatment alone is capable of inducing 100% germination of stinkweed seeds (Thlaspi arvense L.), but not of wild mustard seeds (Sinapis arvensis L. (Brassica kaber (DC.) Wheeler var. pinnatifida (Stokes) Wheeler)). On the contrary, gibberellic acid (GA3) alone is able to induce complete germination in wild mustard, but effected only a slight promotion of germination of stinkweed seeds. Germination of both species increased with increasing time of immersion in 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The NaOCl treatment mimics the effect of acid scarification or dissection in making seeds more porous, removing the barriers to gas exchange and GA3 penetration, and increasing sensitivity to light treatment. However, prolonged NaOCl treatment resulted in either poor germination or seed disintegration. Dormancy of a genetically distinct early-flowering strain of stinkweed can be broken only by the combination of NaOCl, GA3 and light, indicating a high degree of variability in germination responses to various sets of conditions.

scholarly journals C. elegans pharyngeal pumping provides a whole organism bio-assay to investigate anti-cholinesterase intoxication and antidotes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Izquierdo ◽  
Vincent O’Connor ◽  
Christopher Green ◽  
Lindy Holden-Dye ◽  
John Tattersall
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Bio Assay

AbstractInhibition of acetylcholinesterase by either organophosphates or carbamates causes anti-cholinesterase poisoning. This arises through a wide range of neurotoxic effects triggered by the overstimulation of the cholinergic receptors at synapses and neuromuscular junctions. Without intervention, this poisoning can lead to profound toxic effects, including death, and the incomplete efficacy of the current treatments, particularly for oxime-insensitive agents, provokes the need to find better antidotes. Here we show how the non-parasitic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans offers an excellent tool for investigating the acetylcholinesterase intoxication. The C. elegans neuromuscular junctions show a high degree of molecular and functional conservation with the cholinergic transmission that operates in the autonomic, central and neuromuscular synapses in mammals. In fact, the anti-cholinesterase intoxication of the worm’s body wall neuromuscular junction has been unprecedented in understanding molecular determinants of cholinergic function in nematodes and other organisms. We extend the use of the model organism’s feeding behaviour as a tool to investigate carbamate and organophosphate mode of action. We show that inhibition of the cholinergic-dependent rhythmic pumping of the pharyngeal muscle correlates with the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase activity caused by aldicarb, paraoxons and DFP exposure. Further, this bio-assay allows one to address oxime dependent reversal of cholinesterase inhibition in the context of whole organism recovery. Interestingly, the recovery of the pharyngeal function after such anti-cholinesterase poisoning represents a sensitive and easily quantifiable phenotype that is indicative of the spontaneous recovery or irreversible modification of the worm acetylcholinesterase after inhibition. These observations highlight the pharynx of C. elegans as a new tractable approach to explore anti-cholinesterase intoxication and recovery with the potential to resolve critical genetic determinants of these neurotoxins’ mode of action.

scholarly journals The relevance of C. S. Peirce for socio-semiotics

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 231-248
Author(s):  
Janice Deledalle-Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Ideal Form ◽  
Dyadic Model ◽  
The Ideal

Neither Peirce’s thought in general nor his semeiotic in particular would appear to be concerned with ‘society’ as it is generally conceived today. Moreover, Peirce rarely mentions ‘society’, preferring the term ‘community’, which his readers have often interpreted restrictively. There are two essential points to be borne in mind. In the first place, the epithet ‘social’ refers here not to the object of thought, but to its production, its mode of action and its transmission and conservation. In the second place, the term ‘community’ is not restricted to the scientific community, as is sometimes supposed. On the contrary, it refers to the ideal form of a society, which he calls ‘the unlimited community’, i. e. a group of people striving towards a common goal. Furthermore, Peirce’s semeiotic has been put in doubt as capable of providing a model for communication, the basis of social, dialogic, thought and action. The aim of the present article is to show that semeiotic, funded as it is on Peirce’s three categories, which define and delimit the ways in which man perceives and represents the phenomena, can provide a comprehensive model for the analysis of all types of communication in all social contexts. Finally, in this domain, as in others, Peirce was a forerunner, with the result that his thought has often been misunderstood or forgotten. In addition, he was pre-eminently a philosopher, thus his work has been neglected in other disciplines. The elaboration of other triadic systems, such as, notably, that of Rossi-Landi, shows that the tendency of semiotics in general is to move away from the former static, dyadic model towards that involving a triadic process. This trend, with which Peircean theory is in harmony, has been sharply accentuated in recent years, but often lacks a philosophical justification for its assumptions, which Peirce provides.

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